Allergy to cow's milk in infants symptoms. Milk allergy symptoms

AT last decade this species hypersensitivity in babies up to 12 months of age acquired new features:

• very early appearance;
• high prevalence;
• combined manifestations of allergy with symptoms from digestive tract.

Cow's milk protein antigens are considered the strongest allergens. Milk contains more than 40 allergens.

The most dangerous are:

• caseins;
• bovine serum albumin;
• beta-lactoglobulin;
• alpha lactalbumin.

Risk factors for food hypersensitivity to cow's milk proteins:

• hereditary predisposition;
• artificial feeding;
• the use of a nursing mother of a large amount of dairy products;
• diseases gastrointestinal system in newborns;
• early introduction of complementary foods with the inclusion of dairy products.

For the children of early age symptoms are characteristic skin rash - atopic dermatitis. Most often, at the age of 2 - 3 months, mothers may notice redness of the baby's cheeks. Redness may either disappear or intensify.

In the future, bubbles appear at the site of the rash, which burst, and a weeping surface is formed, covered with crusts. The baby is very worried about itching. At running form Allergy rash can cover the entire body of the child.

In some special cases, allergic immune reactions to milk in a child can manifest as hives - the appearance of itchy blisters on the body. Against the background of urticaria, allergic edema of the face, eyelids, lips may appear.

Do not forget that in babies, allergic processes can mimic the pathology of the gastrointestinal system. Such manifestations complement skin symptoms. Gastrointestinal manifestations include vomiting, intestinal colic, loose stools, increased gas formation.

In children of the first month of life, the process of allergic inflammation in the tissues of the esophagus may be accompanied by severe pain and refusal of breast milk, resembling a picture of pylorospasm.

These processes are associated with a decrease protective functions immune system to food allergens.

Even in the prenatal period, the type of response of the immune system is laid. In the presence of hereditary prerequisites, a Th-2 type of immune response is formed.

Allergens can cross the placenta and also enter the fetus with amniotic fluid.

In children due to physiological characteristics there is immaturity of the digestive tract. Increased antigenic load on the intestinal wall can trigger the formation allergic reaction.

Specific immunoglobulins E of the mother, starting from the 20th week of pregnancy, are able to cross the placenta.

Diagnostics

1. Allergy history. The allergist during the conversation finds out the presence of close relatives of the first degree of kinship with established diagnoses allergic diseases. Also, the doctor will pay attention to the peculiarities of the course of pregnancy and childbirth, the type of feeding, the timing of the introduction of complementary foods.
2. Keeping a food diary.
3. Allergotests - scarifying skin and prick tests.
4. Laboratory tests - detection of specific E antibodies to cow's milk antigens.

The main method of treatment of food hypersensitivity is diet therapy.

If a small patient is breastfed, mothers are prescribed a special diet with the exception of dairy products. Moms are also advised to avoid foods with a high allergenic ability - chocolate, coffee, spices, mushrooms, nuts, strawberries, sausages, canned food. Pasta, gluten-containing cereals and sugar are limited.

Children receiving milk formulas are prescribed therapeutic mixtures-hydrolysates.

What are hydrolyzed mixtures?

Highly hydrolytic mixtures are obtained by enzymatic cleavage of the substrate - whey or casein to peptides. Peptides have low molecular weight, which means that by hydrolysis it is possible to reduce the allergenicity of the mixture hundreds of times. It will be useful for parents to familiarize themselves with the classification of hydrolysate mixtures.

According to the substrate undergoing hydrolysis, all mixtures are divided into casein and whey.

Casein is the least allergenic and is used in severe cases of allergies. Casein mixtures include Pregemestil, Frisopep AS, Nutramigen. Whey mixtures are more nutritious and valuable in terms of chemical composition. These include Alfare, Nutrilon Pepti Allergy.

According to the degree of splitting of the substrate of the mixture are divided into:

• highly hydrolyzed - "Alfare", "Neocate", "Frisopep";
• partially hydrolyzed prophylactic mixtures - "NAN GA", "Frisolak GA".

According to the chemical composition, the mixtures are divided into lactose-free, low and high content lactose. There are also mixtures containing long chain and medium chain triglycerides.

In case of severe food allergies with disruption of the digestive tract, casein lactose-free mixtures are prescribed. Medium chain triglycerides significantly increase the digestibility of fats.

What you need to know if your baby is prescribed formulas based on protein hydrolysates?

1. Mixtures-hydrolysates are introduced very slowly, for at least 10-14 days. On the first day, no more than 10 ml of the mixture is given.
2. Mixtures have a bitter taste, so they should be given before the previous mixture.
3. It is possible to change the color and smell of feces in a newborn, the stool may become liquefied.
4. In the first days of the introduction of the mixture, increased gas formation and bloating are observed.

Soy Blends

If you have an allergic reaction to cow's milk antigens it is possible to use soy mixtures:

• "Nutrilak soy";
• "Soy semp";
• "Frisos";
• Enfamil Soya.

These mixtures contain soy protein isolates. It is not recommended to introduce soy mixtures before 5 months of age.

Goat milk mixtures

In goat milk, the content of casein, beta-lactoglobulin is reduced, and alpha-lactalbumin has a different structure. New Zealand produces "Nanny" and "Nanny Golden Goat" blends. Mixtures are well absorbed, have hypoallergenic properties.

"Amalthea" - instant goat milk powder recommended for use in women during lactation and childbearing in order to prevent allergic diseases in the baby.

Complementary foods are administered as prescribed by the doctor.

Start with monocomponent vegetable purees or lactose-free gluten-free cereals. From six months, you can enter canned meat puree from rabbit, horse meat, turkey, excluding beef and veal.

From the age of 8 months, vegetable-cereal dishes are introduced with the addition of meat puree. The baby can be given apples, currants, cherries, yellow plums in a baked form or in the form of compotes.

Until a year old, the child is not given cottage cheese, eggs and seafood.

Diet prophylaxis

Hypoallergenic prophylactic mixtures are recommended for babies at risk for the formation of allergic reactions to cow's milk protein. For example, "NAN Hypoallergenic", "Nutrilon GA", "Hipp GA". The mixtures are based on partially hydrolyzed peptides.

Breastfeeding is a major factor in preventing the development of food allergies by providing immunity from antigens. natural feeding it is advisable to continue at least up to six months in order to reduce the risk of allergic processes.

From the diet of a nursing mother, nuts, peanuts, chicken eggs, milk, seafood. Cow's milk is introduced after a year, chicken eggs upon reaching 24 months, nuts and seafood are not recommended until 3 years of age.

Memo to parents

Cow's milk protein antigens are considered the strongest allergens. For very young children, manifestations of food hypersensitivity to cow's milk proteins in the form of a skin rash - atopic dermatitis are typical. What parents need to know:

1. An increased antigenic load on the intestinal wall can trigger the formation of an allergic reaction.
2. The main treatment for food allergies is diet therapy.
3. Highly hydrolyzed mixtures are obtained by enzymatic cleavage of the substrate - whey or casein to peptides. Peptides have a low molecular weight, and by hydrolysis it is possible to reduce the allergenicity of the mixture hundreds of times.
4. Breastfeeding is the main factor in preventing the development of cow's milk allergy in infants, providing immunity from food antigens.
5. Hypoallergenic prophylactic mixtures are recommended for babies from a high-risk group for the formation of allergic processes.

The benefits of cow's milk are mentioned in many scientific sources. This is also confirmed by experience - from the very childhood, parents told many children that cow's milk is a guarantee of good and good health. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for cow protein an allergy that appears most often in infants and children under 2 years of age. How to determine such a disease, why does it appear and how can an allergy to milk in a baby be eliminated?

Pediatricians do not recommend using pure cow's milk for feeding babies and young children. Its composition is fundamentally different from women's milk- its fat content is much higher, it contains 4 times more calcium and 7 times more phosphorus, 2-3 times more protein. The body of a child who was recently born is not able to cope with so many micro and macro elements. As a result, an allergic reaction occurs - the body's response to an excess of substances that cannot be absorbed.

Types of allergy to cow's milk protein

Allergy to cow's milk protein in infants can be of two types - true and false

1. The appearance of a true allergy is typical when using even a small amount of cow's milk. Protein compounds of milk are perceived by the body as potentially harmful agents, regardless of their quantity. In some cases, an allergy to cow protein is possible in infants, even with normal breastfeeding- this is possible provided that the mother ate a lot of dairy products before feeding.

2. A false allergy occurs when the child has received excess amount cow's milk. In this case, an allergy occurs due to the peculiarities of the work of the pancreas of a newborn - due to the lack of special enzymes responsible for the processing of milk, it is impossible to assimilate the entire amount of the product, as a result of which an allergic reaction occurs.

Note that the appearance of an allergy to cow's milk protein is a rather rare phenomenon that can appear only in certain groups of children with a number of predisposing factors.

Which babies can get allergies

We noted above that an allergy to dairy products in infants can appear if there are certain predisposing factors. According to statistics, at the moment such an allergic reaction occurs in 5-10 percent of children under 1 year old. In the future, with growing up, the indicator decreases, and closer to preschool age Almost every child is able to easily digest cow's milk. All this is due to the peculiarities of the immune system, which is fully formed by the age of 7-9.

Factors that can trigger an allergic reaction

1. Availability genetic predisposition. In particular, the likelihood of a disease is high if the mother had hay fever, allergic dermatitis, or other allergic reactions.

2. Bad ecological situation- the presence of harmful production in the district where the child grows up, the negative sanitary situation in the room where the child is.

3. Significantly increases the risk of allergies if the mother has bad habits during pregnancy.

Above, we have listed the causes of true allergies - a false form can occur even if the child has not been exposed to any negative factors.

Symptoms of cow's milk protein allergy

The symptoms of an allergy to cow protein in infants are extensive - there are manifestations from the digestive, respiratory systems, as well as skin. The following phenomena are characteristic of the digestive system: the presence of undigested milk in feces, pain in the stomach of a child, because of which the child becomes restless, often cries, flatulence, a slight increase in temperature, intestinal peristalsis, and vomiting after eating are possible.

Quite often, the symptoms of an allergy to milk protein in a baby are perceived as ordinary intestinal colic - parents begin to react only when a rash appears in the child. That is why, in order to eliminate the possibility of developing chronic form diseases, you should immediately contact your pediatrician in case of repeated occurrence of such symptoms after taking cow's milk.

On the part of the skin, the following symptoms are possible:

1. A milky scab appears, manifesting itself in the form of clearly defined spots covered with peeling. They occur in the face, chest or behind the ears.

2. Children's eczema - the appearance of a symptom in infants up to 6 months is characteristic in case of an allergic reaction to milk. First, rashes appear in the form of small blisters, which then turn into erosive spots that heal after a few days.

3. Another characteristic feature is the presence of spots of atopic dermatitis. Most possible localization- in the area of ​​​​the elbow folds. It is a bright red, flaky patches that cause severe itching.

4. In some cases, urticaria may appear.

5. One of the most severe symptoms is Quincke's edema, which can be localized on any surface, including internal organs. The occurrence of such edema in the lungs or larynx is dangerous, since they can lead to asphyxia and death of the child.

Like any other allergy, in a baby, an allergy to milk protein also affects the respiratory system. Appear characteristics the presence of an allergen - the child often sneezes, coughs, in some cases it may appear allergic rhinitis. In case of absence timely treatment possible development of bronchial asthma.

How to identify a milk protein allergy

Note that the symptoms of milk allergy in infants can be confused with the clinical picture of another disease. That is why it is strictly forbidden to make a diagnosis on your own, based only on your own assumptions. The symptoms we

listed above can only be a signal to parents that it is necessary to seek help from an allergist.

Diagnostic studies include the collection of anamnesis, blood tests, feces, as well as special allergic tests. If the baby is allergic to protein, doctors will be able to detect this based on the diagnosis - in the end this will allow the correct treatment to be prescribed.

How to cure milk protein allergy

We examined how cow protein allergy manifests itself, now we will consider how it can be cured. Most effective method how an allergy to milk in an infant can be eliminated is the exclusion of cow's milk from the child's diet. This is the simplest, most effective and safe way. Not required to take antihistamines, it is not necessary to carry out special therapy for the development of body resistance to protein.

Proper treatment involves the exclusion of dairy products from the diet of not only the child, but also the mother. In addition, it is desirable for a child to replace regular milk with hydrolyzed milk, and at 6 months of age, milk can be given. plant origin(for example, soy). Such a diet will be more expensive than using regular cow's milk, but there are no other, more acceptable methods. In some cases, goat milk can be used, but there is a high chance that the allergy will reappear.

It can also be carried out ancillary treatment aimed at eliminating the manifestation of symptoms of an allergy to cow protein. In this case, special means can be used to eliminate redness, rashes, severe itching and problems with the digestive system.

The immune system of the child begins to form only after his birth. Therefore, it reacts aggressively to some unfamiliar substances. One of these is cow's milk protein. In infants, an allergy to this product is fleeting. It does not threaten the life of the child, but it causes significant discomfort. Usually the pathology goes away by the age of five. Only in exceptional cases it becomes permanent.

Essence of pathology

Any allergy is an autoimmune disorder, which is expressed in inadequate response body's defense system external influence. As a result, it begins to produce antibodies to substances that do not pose a threat to human life.

Approximately 5% of newborns are allergic to cow's milk protein. The body recognizes it as a foreign antigen. In total, there are more than 20 types of protein in such milk. The most active among them are the following: casein, alpha- and beta-lactoglobulins, albumin.

How does an allergic reaction develop? Normally, the molecular chains of milk in digestive system break down into elements that are easily absorbed by the body. In infants, the gastrointestinal tract is still poorly developed, and enzyme deficiencies are often observed. Therefore, some parts of the molecular chain are preserved. It is on them that the autoimmune response is directed. This is how it develops

Causes of the disorder

It should immediately be noted that the best food for a newborn in the first six months of life is breast milk. It has in its composition all the substances necessary for the child and is well absorbed. Pediatricians consider any complementary foods to be rough food. Allergens, penetrating into the esophagus, easily overcome its loose structure and enter the bloodstream. Therefore, this disorder is so common among infants. Closer to 2-3 years, the walls of the gastrointestinal tract are strengthened. They gain the ability to resist pathogenic elements. Therefore, there is often a "self-healing" of allergies.

The reaction itself is of two types. True hypersensitivity develops even with the use of a small amount of milk. In this case, the cause of the disorder lies in the insufficiency of degrading enzymes, as mentioned above. Pseudo-allergic reaction occurs when overuse a product when the stomach simply cannot cope with the processing of such an amount of milk.

Risk factors

The likelihood of an allergy to cow's milk protein in an infant increases with the following predisposing factors:

• complicated course of pregnancy, accompanied by stress and the threat of miscarriage;
• unfavorable ecological situation;
• a tendency to any kind of allergy in one of the parents;
• malnutrition of a woman during pregnancy.

Clinical picture

Antigens are transported in the bloodstream to various systems internal organs. Therefore, there are no clear symptoms of an allergy to milk in a child. Pathology can affect the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and skin, and also be expressed by a violation respiratory function. The clinical picture becomes more vivid against the background of ARVI and infectious processes, in stressful situations.

Problems with the gastrointestinal tract in children

Most often manifested by indigestion. Food particles are usually visible in waste products. The baby may be disturbed on a regular basis by vomiting and diarrhea, regurgitation.

Another unpleasant symptom of cow's milk intolerance is the presence of red blood cells in the feces. Due to the interaction of protein elements and body antibodies, damage to the intestinal mucosa occurs. The presence of red blood cells in the feces confirms the appropriate analysis, and visually they can be detected by blood streaks.

Skin manifestations

If the parents do not notice the unusual immune system response and changes in health, the symptoms of cow's milk protein allergy in infants continue to increase. For example, swelling and redness, itchy dermatoses appear on the skin. A direct consequence of these processes are severe scratching and secondary infection. The appearance also indicates the development of pathology.

Respiratory disorders

In rare cases, an allergy to cow's milk protein in infants is accompanied by a lesion of the respiratory system. In such a situation, parents may notice in a child:

• continuous sneezing;
• allergic rhinitis;
• congestion of the nasal passages.

Enough dangerous manifestation allergic reaction is considered anaphylactic shock. The disorder begins to develop almost immediately. The skin becomes pale, the child's face and throat swell, and a spasm of the larynx occurs. Often the clinical picture is complemented by convulsions and urinary incontinence. The described condition always requires emergency medical care.

Diagnostic methods

How to identify milk allergy in children? What should parents do first? With such questions, you should seek the help of a pediatrician.

First, the doctor must examine the child, study his history. The specialist can ask a number of clarifying questions to parents in order to get a complete clinical picture. After that, laboratory and clinical tests are prescribed:

• analysis of feces;
• a blood test for the content of antibodies to allergens;
• skin tests.

An allergy to cow protein in its symptoms and course resembles. Therefore, it is easy to confuse diseases, which is categorically not recommended, because they imply different approaches to treatment. To differentiate pathologies, the pediatrician for some time (up to 7 days) prescribes lactose-free nutrition to the baby. If allergy symptoms do not appear, then the cause of the malaise is lactase intolerance.

Features of treatment

The main difficulty in treating an allergy to cow's milk proteins in infants is that this product is the main type of food at this age. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the baby is transferred to special mixtures. They are based on hydrolyzed protein, soy or milk from other animals. The new mixture is introduced into the diet gradually and in a diluted form.

When the baby is breastfed, the woman's diet is reviewed. For some time, she will have to give up all products that may contain cow's milk (cottage cheese, kefir, fermented baked milk, condensed milk, and others). A noticeable improvement in the condition of the baby is usually observed 14-30 days after the start of the diet.

AT acute form therapy in without fail supplemented by the reception medicines. Children with severe forms of the disease (Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock) are subject to hospitalization. The rest of the patients can be treated at home. Usually therapy involves the use of the following groups of medicines:

1. Enterosorbents ("Enterosgel", "Laktofiltrum"). These drugs first adsorb allergen substances on themselves, and then remove them from the body.
2. Antihistamines. Reduces swelling, redness and itchy skin. The choice of a specific drug is up to the doctor.
3. Hormonal agents ("Prednisolone", "Hydrocortisone"). Among the main indications for use, there are symptoms that require an immediate response. This is, as a rule, bronchospasm, severe swelling, lowering blood pressure. Medicines can only be administered by medical professionals.

Special mention should be made of local treatment. His help is resorted to when there is skin manifestations disorders. At the same time, some drugs ("Bepanten") only restore damaged skin, while others ("Fenistil") block the very mechanism of allergy development. Therefore, they eliminate swelling, itching and redness.

ethnoscience

Recipes folk healers have long been used to eliminate the symptoms of allergy to cow's milk proteins in infants. However this method treatment should not be considered as an alternative to traditional therapy. Without identifying the allergen and revising the child's diet, it is not possible to overcome the pathology. In addition, additional consultation with a pediatrician is required before starting a course of therapy.

1. With manifestations of allergy to cow's milk protein in infants, a series helps to cope. Using this medicinal plant prepare a healing decoction. Baths and lotions with it help to remove skin itching and edema. Some parents give a decoction of a string to children to take by mouth, starting with a few drops.
2. A decoction of dill seed is good for gastrointestinal disorders. Most often it is used for diarrhea, colic and regurgitation. To prepare the product, you will need about half a teaspoon of dry seeds, pour a glass of boiling water, let it brew. AT medicinal purposes the child is given 3-4 drops of "medicine" several times a day. Gradually increase the dosage to a whole spoonful.

These are the most common recipes that are found among folk healers. More detailed information on this issue can be obtained from the attending pediatrician.

Recovery prognosis

Unfortunately, in last years the number of sick children is steadily increasing. However, parents should not be upset if the baby is allergic to cow's milk protein. Why it occurs and how to deal with it correctly - these are the questions they should puzzle themselves in the first place. quality medical diagnostics today allows you to identify the cause of the disorder and choose the most effective methods its elimination.

According to statistics, by the end of the first year of life, about half of children manage to completely overcome allergies. Already by the age of three, this problem is diagnosed in only 10% of babies. Only in exceptional cases does it remain for life.

Prevention methods

Why there is an allergy to cow's milk antigens in infants is described a little higher. Can it be avoided? As a preventative measure, pediatricians recommend adhering to the following rules:

1. Watch your diet during pregnancy.
2. It is better to refuse alcoholic beverages, since the alcohol contained in them can provoke hypersensitization in the fetus - an increase in sensitivity to certain substances.
3. When breastfeeding, a woman should exclude those foods that most often cause allergies.
4. In case of appearance initial symptoms an allergic reaction in a child, you should immediately seek qualified medical help.

Allergy to cow's milk in infants is a common phenomenon. This does not mean that its manifestations can be ignored. It is better for parents to immediately consult a pediatrician and, under his control, select options for eliminating an atypical reaction of the body.

At all times, milk was considered one of the most popular products, because it contains a lot of useful trace elements and vitamins. It is not surprising that today in stores you can find a huge range of dairy products for every taste.

But for many people, milk is contraindicated. This is most often the result of an allergy to cow's milk protein. Such an ailment can manifest itself in many ways, because milk contains dozens of different antigens, all of which can cause unwanted reactions in the body.

Allergy to milk protein in adults

Adults are not as susceptible to milk allergy as children, but it is more difficult to diagnose because it presents with a variety of symptoms, and if the allergen is not known in advance, then the allergy can be easily confused with other ailments.

The onset and severity of symptoms in adults depends on several factors:

• The degree of sensitivity to milk protein;
• The amount of the allergen that has entered the body;
• The ability of the body to resist the allergen;
• The general state of human health.

There are 3 stages in the development of an allergic reaction:

• Immune;
• Biochemical;
• Clinical.

Let's take a closer look at these stages.

immune stage

The first contact of the antibodies of the immune system and the allergen occurs. Antibodies try to cope with foreign substances, as a result of which the body becomes sensitized, that is, the body acquires hypersensitivity to the action of the allergen.

The essence of sensitization is to prepare the internal organs for the negative effects of foreign substances on them.

Biochemical stage

In the body, reactions begin to take place due to the presence of foreign particles. This stage develops when there is a second contact of the allergen with antibodies. In the area where contact has occurred, lymphocytes and antibodies accumulate, and together they try to isolate antigens.

During this, substances such as histamine and serotonin are formed in the body. They provoke initial signs allergies (skin rashes, fever, inflammation).

Clinical stage

The reaction begins from the tissues of the body. The degree of reaction is affected by the amount of the allergen, the body's ability to fight it and the general state of affairs with human health.

Clinical reactions can occur both instantly and with a delay of up to several days.

Symptoms of manifestation

Symptoms of milk protein allergy in adults:

Allergy to milk protein in children older than one year

While the child has symptoms of a reaction to milk protein, pediatricians recommend completely eliminating the dangerous allergen from the child's diet.

Cow's milk can be replaced with other products such as:

Most often, an allergy to food disappears when a child reaches the age of three, when all body systems are formed.

If an allergy occurs to a particular substance, then such an allergy is not related to the immaturity of the organism and will manifest itself in each case of interaction of the organism with the allergen.

Allergy - serious problem modern society. More than 93% of people have experienced it at least once in their lives: cough, itching, tearing, and others. The sooner you start treatment, the better. The tool not only relieves the symptoms of allergic reactions, but also eliminates the cause.

As a rule, the problem recedes 15 minutes after using the drops. It's natural plant complex, based on natural herbs. I can confidently recommend the drug to my patients!

Allergy to milk protein in children under one year old

For a newborn child, everything except mother's milk, any mixture is the coarsest food. In infants, the mucous membrane of the digestive tract is loose, immature, not protected by natural microflora, well passable for allergens.

Only by the age of 2 in children, the walls of the stomach and intestines acquire the ability to resist the introduction of pathogenic agents.

Milk allergy and lactose intolerance

There are two reasons why milk intolerance manifests itself:

• Intolerance to lactose contained in milk;
• Milk protein intolerance: casein, globulin, albumin.

The enzyme lactase is responsible for the processing of lactose, if there is a lack of lactase in the body, then the reaction to milk immediately follows from the immune system. Lactase is produced from cells that produce small intestine, and is responsible for dissolving the sugar found in dairy products.

lactose intolerance may result from inflammatory processes and infections.

Milk allergy is an allergic reaction to the proteins that are present in milk, and not to lactose. People with a milk allergy can tolerate lactose if it is separated from the milk proteins.

AT infancy the body may react to milk due to lactose intolerance, because at this age the child mainly feeds on mother's milk.

Let's bring comparative analysis symptoms of lactose deficiency and cow's milk protein allergy:

As you can see, the characteristic features can be similar. When they appear, you need to carefully monitor the condition of the child.

Causes of the disease

When the allergen is cow's milk protein, the body may react to one or more of the 25 proteins found in milk.

Factors causing a reaction for milk protein:

• Heredity. The patient's immune system may simply not be able to cope with the production of the required number of enzymes for the digestion of milk;
• Bad ecology;
• There were pathologies during pregnancy(premature birth, constant stress and etc.);
• Parental lifestyle, attention to healthy lifestyle family life;
• Avitaminosis;
• Frequent use of immunostimulants.

Possible causes of an allergy specifically to cow's milk protein:

Allergens, along with the blood, enter all parts of the body, therefore, it is not known which organs can be affected due to an allergy to cow's milk protein. The process can be aggravated by the course of other diseases, such as SARS, various infections, etc.

Allergy to cow protein can be manifested by a violation in the work:

• Gastrointestinal tract;
• Skin lesions;
• Respiratory system.

If problems in the gastrointestinal tract in infants are caused by an allergy to cow's milk, then the body may react as follows:

The skin is also prone to manifestations of milk allergy.

Symptoms:

Problems with the respiratory system are quite rare, but they are still useful to know.

The following symptoms appear:

How to determine that this is a reaction to milk?

The doctor necessarily conducts a visual examination, draws attention to the condition of the skin, is interested general condition patient.

The more detailed the patient describes the clinical picture of the disease, the more likely the doctor will be able to help.

Do not try to diagnose yourself, your loved ones, especially children.

Remember, only a certified pediatrician can correctly diagnose a child. Parents do not need to self-medicate and give the child all kinds of medicines.

The digestive system of an infant is not formed, and there is a risk of further harm to the health of the baby.

In order to properly diagnose a disease, you must:

• Get tested for lactose intolerance. Manifestations of lactase deficiency are easily confused with an allergy to cow's milk protein;
• Pass medical tests.

Testing for lactose intolerance

The very test for lactase deficiency is adherence to a lactose-free diet (with symptoms in an infant, the mother adheres to the diet).

Lactose is a constituent of all dairy products, including milk, butter, cheeses and cream.

Present in all derivatives of dairy products:

If after a few days the manifestations of the disease disappear, it can be said for sure that the cause is lactase deficiency.

If it is an allergy to protein, then for recovery it is necessary that the contact of the allergen with the body stops completely, and this long process and in a few days, as a rule, it does not pass.

Analyzes

If the symptoms remain, then a set of tests is carried out to identify the allergen, among them:

• General urine analysis. The level of protein should be increased, the presence of erythrocytes in the urine is possible;
• Blood analysis(general and biochemical);

If allergic reactions occur in the body, then there should be many immune complexes in the blood:

• Determination of the amount of immunoglobulins IgE, IgG;
• Determination of the degree of sensitization of the body to milk proteins.

Scarifying tests

Apart from laboratory tests in allergology, the use of skin scarification tests.

During their implementation, shallow scratches 0.5–1.0 cm long are made on the skin of the forearm or back, on which one drop of a different allergen is applied.

Near each scratch, a brief designation of the allergen that was applied is inscribed with a pen.

In the case of an allergy to milk, various proteins, fats and carbohydrates that are part of it are used separately as allergens.

After a certain time, an inflammatory shaft is formed around one or more scratches, which is larger in size than around the other scratches. This means that the body shows an allergic reaction to this component of milk.

What if the baby is allergic to milk?

In this case, you need to follow a few rules:

• Mom needs to keep hypoallergenic diet and breastfeed the baby for as long as possible, because mother's milk contains everything necessary for normal development baby;
• Dairy products should be excluded and products that may contain milk proteins in one form or another (ice cream, pastries, etc.):
  • when the allergy is mild, the mother can consume sour-milk products in small volumes: kefir, fermented baked milk, sour cream;
  • when the allergy is severe, the mother will have to completely abandon not only the “milk”, but most likely also products such as eggs and fish;
• The same principle applies to the feeding situation:
  • completely eliminate the "milk" - if the allergy is pronounced;
  • use dairy products possible with subtle symptoms. This is due to the fact that during the fermentation of dairy products, the protein is broken down into amino acids, the processing of which is much easier for the body to cope with.

What to do if an artificial person is allergic to milk?

Many formulas for complementary foods contain milk protein. If the child is allergic to it, then it is necessary to switch to mixtures of hydroisolated proteins or amino acids.

There is an option to use a mixture based on goat's milk, but here you need to be very careful in order to diagnose allergy symptoms in time if they appear. There are also soy mixtures on the market, they are allowed only after six months and provided that the child is not allergic to soy.

Stories from our readers!
"I have an annual seasonal allergies. I live in a private house, I work in the garden, although I suffer from an allergic reaction to the pollen of many plants. In a word, I spend hard summer days with constant runny nose, cough, itching and swelling.

I started taking these drops on the advice of a friend. The symptoms gradually subsided, I began to feel better, allergic rhinitis and runny nose stopped bothering me. Good drug from allergies and related diseases and deficiencies, I recommend!"

Therapeutic measures to eliminate the problem

The main thing in treatment is to exclude contact with the allergen. In this situation, the symptoms should go away on their own, and all that remains so that the allergy no longer causes inconvenience is to carefully monitor your and your child's diet.

There is also a more radical way - drug treatment. There are several types of drug treatment available.

The use of antihistamines

Such drugs reduce the production of histamine, prevent the recurrence of the disease, accelerate the process of destruction of histamine in the tissues.

In acute form of allergy (anaphylactic shock, lesion large areas skin), you can use such means as:

• Suprastin(available in tablets, allowed to use from 1 month, average price 120 rubles );
• Tavegil(available in tablet form, as a syrup, solution for injection,
  price 110 - 250 rubles) ;
• Loratadine 20 rubles ).

For allergies without complications, you can use:

• Telfast(available in tablets, average price 130 rubles );
• Tsetrin(available in tablets, average price 150 rubles );
• Claritin(available in tablet form and as a syrup, price 210 - 600 rubles).

The use of enterosorbents

it required element treatment. Such drugs well remove allergens from the body, prevent further intoxication and slagging of the body, and also improve the intestinal microflora.

These include:

• Enterosgel(average price 400 rubles );
• Activated carbon(average price 30 rubles );
• White coal(average price 120 rubles );
• Smecta(average price 200 rubles );
• Sorbex(average price 100 rubles ).

The use of external agents

Non-hormonal ointments and creams against allergies

The active ingredients of such drugs reduce inflammation, relieve itching, prevent the development of skin reactions, soften the skin and relieve irritation.

These include:

• Fenistil-gel(average price 400 rubles );
• Bepanthen(average price 320 rubles );
• Dermadrin(average price 120 rubles );
• Epidel(average price 800 rubles ).

Hormonal anti-allergic ointments and creams

These drugs are also called corticosteroids. They are necessary for severe reactions on the skin, as well as in cases where non-hormonal ointments do not give the desired result. They have powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and immunosuppressive effects.

These ointments and creams include:

• Triderm(average price 750 rubles );
• Hydrocortisone ointment(average price 30 rubles );
• Gistan(average price 140 rubles );
• Advantan(price 500 - 1300 rubles );
• Prednisolone ointment(average price 20 rubles );
• Sinaflan(average price 30 rubles ).

For babies, such ointments are absolutely contraindicated for up to four months, but even after that they must be used with very great care.

Doctors may also prescribe the following drugs to relieve allergy symptoms:

• Salbutamol- relieves shortness of breath, narrows blood vessels in the bronchi, causes muscle relaxation, average price 120 rubles ;
• Claridol- relieves swelling and suppresses cough, can cause sedative effect, average price 80 rubles ;
• Xylometazoline- stops the secretion of mucus from the nose, as it has a powerful vasoconstrictor effect, the average price 50 rubles ;
• Olopatadin- relieves itching of the eyelids, eliminates tearing and redness of the eyes, average price 350 rubles .

Before using any of the above drugs, a consultation with your doctor is required.

Folk remedies for milk allergy

Exists great amount folk ways in the fight against manifestations of allergy to milk. Consider the most effective of them.

Baths with beneficial herbal decoctions

Allergy often manifests itself on the skin, and traditional healers recommended to take regular baths useful decoctions from herbs. For this, herbs that have anti-inflammatory, antipruritic effects are better suited.

These include:

• Chamomile- to prepare chamomile decoction, take 300 g of dry grass, pour 5 liters of water, boil and leave for 2 hours to infuse, then use immediately;
• Mint- brew 100-200 g of dry chopped peppermint herb 2-3 liters of boiling water and insist in a warm place under the lid for 30 minutes, then strain and add to the water for a general bath.
  The duration of the procedure is 10-15 minutes. Course - 10-12 baths;
• Sage- condensed condensate is used to prepare the bath clary sage. The drug is added at the rate of 200 ml per 100 liters of water. The duration of the procedure is 8-15 minutes. It is recommended to take baths every other day or according to the scheme “two days in a row with a break for the third”. Course - 12-18 baths;
• Calendula- finely chop 1 kg of leaves, flowers and stems of the plant and pour a mass of 3-4 liters cold water. Let it brew for 5-10 minutes, then put on fire and cook for 5 minutes. Remove from heat and insist 10 minutes. Strain and add to bath water.

Other recipes

Recipes for babies

For babies, a decoction of dill seeds is more suitable.

It will help you deal with digestive issues.

To prepare such a decoction, you need to pour half a teaspoon of seeds with boiling water and let it brew.

After the broth has cooled, give 3-5 drops to the child.

Gradually, a single dosage is increased to a spoon.

You need to be careful when using traditional medicine methods in the treatment of children. Infusions from some medicinal herbs are contraindicated in children under three years of age, and their use may lead to new health problems. Such herbs, for example, include a series.

Tired of dermatitis?

Peeling of the skin, rash, itching, ulcers and blisters, cracks - that's all unpleasant symptoms dermatitis.

Without treatment, the disease progresses, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin affected by the rash increases.

It has the following properties:

• Relieves itching after the first application
• Restores, softens and moisturizes the skin
• Eliminates rash and peeling of the skin in 3-5 days
• After 19-21 days completely eliminates plaques and traces of them
• Prevents the appearance of new plaques and an increase in their area

Prevention

In the case of a milk allergy, the best solution is not to eat foods that contain milk protein.

This, by at least, will protect against the most allergic reaction.

It is also necessary before buying any product to carefully study its composition for the content of allergens in it.

It is important to know that even after several years of preventive treatment against milk protein allergy, milk should not be contacted.

And if at the first contact there may not be a violent allergic reaction, then with repeated contacts, it can appear immediately.

This will happen because by the first contact in the body there will not be the required amount of antibodies, but after a while, the immune system will definitely develop new antibodies, they will come into contact with the allergen, and, as a result, the allergy will manifest itself.

So that the children infancy milk allergy was not necessary:

• Expectant mother scrupulously approach the issue of nutrition during pregnancy;
• No intoxication during pregnancy (alcohol, cigarettes, etc.);
• In the first months of breastfeeding, mothers can potentially avoid hazardous products, due to which allergies may occur;
• During feeding, replace milk in the mother's diet with fermented milk products;
• Pass periodically preventive treatment from possible allergies.

If a child does show symptoms of a milk protein allergy, you need to carefully monitor the situation and take timely measures to avoid complications, such as various pathologies internal organs or dermatological problems.

Forecast

Nowadays, everyone suffers from milk protein allergy. more people. Unfortunately, many of them are children. But now, with the development of medicine, it has become much easier to determine what exactly caused the allergy, and therefore its treatment is much more successful than before.

According to various studies, almost half of all children, upon reaching the age of one year, get rid of this disease, and almost 90% recover by 3-4 years.

Rarely, a milk protein allergy persists for life. But even then, people have a reasonable hope for allergists, because every year more and more drugs are invented that can really help with this problem.

In this article, we will try to describe in detail the symptoms of an allergic reaction in an infant and the reasons why they may occur. And we will also discuss the diet of a nursing mother, and how to avoid the manifestation of allergies in a child.

on food in a child develops precisely on its protein part, that is, on those proteins that are contained in this product

Causes of food allergies

• The very mechanism of the development of allergies in a child is no different from the development of a similar reaction in an adult. When a “foreign” protein enters the body for the first time, the baby’s immune system produces class E immunoglobulin, which subsequently launches a long series of immune reactions that respond to the allergenic protein as an “invasion” of a foreign agent into the body
• From the point of view of medicine, this is quite simple, but from the point of view of an ordinary person, it is quite difficult to figure it out. If it is more simple and roughly to describe these processes, then it looks something like this
• The child has never come across such a protein and his body, which has got the allergen, takes it for a kind of infection and with each new penetration it begins to fight the allergen even more actively.
• Allergens serve as the reasons for the onset of the development of an allergic reaction in children, but the increased readiness of the immune system to respond can be inherited. That is, if there are allergies in the family, there is a possibility of developing allergies in the baby

And so what else can lead to the development of an allergic reaction:

As we have already mentioned, this heredity
Increased permeability of the intestinal wall
deficit digestive enzymes

Let's discuss in more detail the lack of enzymes for digestion.

The child's body is not yet sufficiently adapted to the outside world, and even more so to products (proteins) that require a large amount of digestive enzymes. Thus, such proteins are not digested enough and are perceived by the body not as food, but as a foreign element. Accordingly, the reaction of the body is manifested.

It is worth noting that in the process of growth and maturation, most of the food allergic reactions pass on their own, and the body adapts to these protein elements.

What does an allergy look like in babies?

The manifestation of allergic reactions in babies can be accompanied by a wide variety of symptoms, and not look like we are all used to (runny nose, sneezing, rash). The spectrum of allergy symptoms in children is much wider than we are used to. The intensity of these symptoms can also vary from mild to violent reactions, depending on your baby's immune system.

We will review the most common manifestations of food allergies in infants. At the same time, they are divided into three main categories of manifestation. These include:

one . Respiratory system disorders
2. Allergic manifestations on the skin
3 . Violation of the digestive tract

Let's take a closer look at all three options for the development of an allergic reaction.

Respiratory problems may present with:
Spasm of the bronchi (whistling wheezing can be heard, the baby’s breathing is difficult, and the process of inhalation and exhalation is involved auxiliary musculature)
Rhinitis (this is a common manifestation, a runny nose also complicates the child's life, and especially the feeding process, while the discharge is transparent and liquid)

Allergic manifestations on the skin are in the form of:
Light flushing (redness)
Increased peeling on the scalp and eyebrows (“lep”)
The rash on the skin can be of various types.
The manifestation of severe sweating, even if the child is not very overheated
In the form of hives
The skin itches and torments the child, flakes (manifestations of diathesis)
Even with careful care and cleanliness, diaper rash does not go away
The most severe cases may present with angioedema.

3 . Violation of the gastrointestinal tract can manifest itself:
elevated gas formation
Strengthening or onset of colic in the abdomen (the result of flatulence)
Violation of the stool in the form of constipation or diarrhea with admixtures of foamy secretions or greenery
Frequent spitting up or vomiting

Do not forget that these symptoms can exist both individually and in combination with each other.

Symptoms of an allergy to milk, protein, mixtures

Yes exactly . There are cases when even a child develops an allergic reaction to mother's milk (protein). Of course, we do not take a description of those cases when the baby has a congenital intolerance lactose.

As a side note, congenital lactose intolerance is caused by a lack of certain enzymes to digest and absorb it. This condition is lifelong and not a temporary manifestation of an allergic immune reaction.

• Many mats, like their mothers and grandmothers, often use cow's milk as a supplement. It contains the proteins lactoglobulin and casein, which are quite powerful allergens both individually and together. At the same time, lactoglobulin is destroyed during heat treatment, and is not capable of causing allergies, unlike casein.
• As far as formulas are concerned, most of them are safe and formulas have been released to date that are basically free of milk proteins. However, many mixtures are based specifically on cow's milk and can provoke the development of an allergic reaction in a baby. Therefore, mothers should be attentive to the choice of mixture for the baby and the best option in this case will be age-adapted mixtures.
• Let's not forget that an allergic reaction to the mixture can be caused not only by the milk component, but also by the additives that are used in its production.

How does an allergy to red manifest itself?

• What does red allergy mean? This is essentially an allergic reaction to those foods that are red in color.
• In this case, an allergic reaction begins to develop on the protein that gives color to the product. At the same time, the list of such products is quite wide and rarely has exceptions.
• Manifestations of an allergic reaction depend solely on the baby's immune system, as well as its intensity. We have listed the symptoms above, but remember that with each repeated use of the allergen product, the reaction will gain even more strength.

In order to determine the list of products that provoke an allergic reaction and the cause of its occurrence, it is necessary to undergo a series of mandatory studies and analyzes.

What foods do moms cause allergies in babies?

If the child has predisposition to allergic reactions, then roughly speaking, any of the new products for the baby, which the mother ate, can cause an allergy in the baby.

In this case, the mother should know, or ask her parents, which of the foods in childhood caused an allergic reaction in her. Because, most likely, these same products can become a provoking factor for her child. The same advice applies to dads.

A number of products, of course, should be excluded until the end of feeding altogether. These are, of course, alcoholic drinks, exotic fruits, and a number of smoked products.

Diet lactating mothers: what can, a what it is forbidden

AT first 2 months after birth baby diet mothers must to be enough strict, excluding practically all possible products, which may provoke allergic reaction:
Carbonated beverages
pickles
Smoked meats
Coffee and cocoa
Sweets and chocolate
Fresh vegetables and fruit

By measure growing up baby mother maybe enter in mine diet some products, but in not big quantity. Necessarily need track per reaction child on the this product, after Togo how mother introduced his in mine diet.

But food must to be full-fledged and energy. That's why, if at you healthy baby, then eat can in usual mode (in reasonable aisles), but at manifestation any symptoms allergies consult With doctor.

Topic given section enough extensive and requires individual attention. Exactly on this reason we let's shine her separate article on the our site.

Treatment drugs

Costs understand, what reactions children's organism not predictable and on one's own heals manifestation allergies at chest child not costs. Per exception Togo case, when provoking factor was fast defined and eliminated, but effects So same require adequate therapy.

We consider groups drugs, which the in most cases may be appointed at manifestations food allergies at child:

For withdrawals allergic reactions use antihistamines drugs Suprastin, Fenistil, Diazolin, Erius, Eden
For cleansing intestines from allergies apply sorbents Phosphalugel, Smecta
For withdrawals reactions With skin covers apply antihistamines ointments—Fenistil, Gistal, Elidel
For improvements digestion may be appointed enzymes digestion
For recovery water balance appointed drink—Regidron

Any therapy must to be appointed respectively occasion. At this well treatment and dose determined doctor, according to received data history and analyzes.

More detail about medicinal antiallergic means for children you you can read in section our site « Preparations».

Treatment allergies at chest children folk means

Exclusively folk the medicine not will be able help to you fast and enough effectively, but maybe render help in combinations With main treatment.

AT first turn, certainly costs eliminate reason allergies.
At irritation skin covers and rashes at baby to you help baths With herbs and dues: chamomile and succession, to example.

1 . Recipe: For cooking decoction for baths on 1 canteen spoon series and chamomile poured hot water and boil on the throughout 15 minutes. Then this decoction give cool down and add in bath baby at bathing

2 . Recipe: at diathesis for skin covers getting ready ointment on the fir oil. For this take fir oil and mix With childish in ratio 1 :3 . lubricate rashes so cream before 3 once in day

3 . Recipe: For reception inside cook infusion root dandelion. For this 1 st.l. dry root dandelion poured 1 glass boiling water and leave insist in flow 2 hours. By recommendations the infusion give drink in volume before 50 ml per 30 minutes before food before three once in day.

Prevention allergies at children before of the year

Prevention food allergies at child serves in first turn correct introduction complementary foods and diet lactating mothers (about which we let's talk in separate article).

For prevention allergic reactions at baby costs remember following:
Fruit or vegetables for first complementary foods not must have intensive coloration
fruity juices and puree not introduce in food baby before 4 months, especially at inclinations to allergies
Drinking mode must be respected for exceptions dehydration
Volume food not must exceed recommended doses and interval between feeding must to be observed
At cooking porridge costs exclude usage bovine or goat milk at allergic reactions on the them
Costs eliminate available dysbacteriosis intestines, if he present
Costs observe recommended terms introductions complementary foods in food baby

Each child individual and not exists clear recommendations, which approached would to each in 100 % cases. That's why be attentive to yourself and his baby.

BUT we wish to you health and joyful moments motherhood!!!

Video: Allergy medicines - Dr. Komarovsky's School