What nuts can you eat after a heart attack? Nutrition during myocardial infarction in the first days

All patients who have suffered acute coronary heart disease need long period rehabilitation. Proper nutrition after myocardial infarction is one of the components of this complex process. Dosed physical activity and rational diet will benefit anyone healthy person. And for patients in a cardiology hospital, these affordable things become vital.

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There are several general requirements to the diets of cardiac patients. Daily food should contain a minimum of calories and stimulate weight loss in patients. However, the dishes must be completely balanced, have sufficient vitamin and electrolyte components, and promote rapid scarring of the affected areas of the myocardium.

Experts identify three main stages in a therapeutic diet after an illness. acute necrosis myocardium. It all depends on the statute of limitations of the pathological process:

The heart is forced to work harder. Due to the replacement of the area of ​​necrosis connective tissue, the number of functioning muscle cells. To avoid negative consequences heart attack and protect yourself from relapse, you need to take care of the management healthy image life. Diet after a heart attack is key to a successful recovery by reducing the load on the necrotic heart.

Basic Rules

With a properly designed diet, it is significantly reduced. rehabilitation period, disappear faster unpleasant symptoms disease and the most gentle formation of the scar occurs. The choice of diet for a heart attack will largely depend on the period of the disease: in acute stage more stringent dietary requirements are put forward than in the recovery phase, important role play the presence of atherosclerosis and hypertension.

Restoring health after a heart attack is not an easy task; this requires a set of measures, including drug treatment, physical therapy, refusal bad habits and therapeutic nutrition

For effective treatment the following rules have been developed for heart attack:

• people with overweight body, especially when concomitant atherosclerosis, you need to take care of normalizing your weight;
• to form positive dynamics, the patient must receive daily dose all vitamins and minerals;
• It is better to consume more vegetable fats, and when cooking, use olive oil instead of butter;
• too fatty, fried and spicy food should be excluded from the patient's diet cardiology department, it is advisable to minimize the amount of salt consumed;
• fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, along with seafood and lean meats, help restore myocardial contractility and recovery vascular tone.

As the disease progresses to the scarring stage, moderate physical activity is recommended ( hiking, breathing exercises), which will help normalize the natural metabolism in the body. It is better to replace coffee and strong tea with dried fruit compote. After experiencing necrosis of the heart muscle, you should avoid stress, and also periodically measure blood pressure, pulse and blood sugar levels.

Diet for acute myocardial infarction

The first week after a heart attack is a critical period in the pathogenesis of the disease. Ignoring medical recommendations at this stage leads to the development possible complications. While there is a fresh focus of necrosis on the heart, it is worth excluding fatty, high-calorie and fried food. Scarring can sometimes last up to 14–21 days, which is worth remembering when drawing up correct mode nutrition.

Avoid heavy foods and stimulating foods nervous system, irritating the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys and causing flatulence

List of what you can eat during an acute heart attack:

• vegetable purees and decoctions;
• light soups, low-fat broths;
• boiled porridge in water;
• lean fish;
• vegetable oil;
• chicken and lean beef;
• dairy products;
• carrot juice.

Heavy foods, as well as strong tea, help increase vascular tone, creating additional stress on the heart. You should avoid foods with allergenic properties, such as legumes, grapes, tomatoes, mushrooms, chocolate, etc. During a heart attack, it is recommended to eat unsalted, steamed food. Optimal choice There will be 6 meals a day in small portions.

Diet in the subacute period

When the symptoms of a heart attack have smoothed out somewhat, and the fresh focus of necrosis has begun to be replaced by connective tissue, you can somewhat diversify your diet. You should still avoid homemade baked goods, smoked meats and excessively fatty foods. Nutrition during a heart attack in the subacute stage can be varied with thicker dishes, carbohydrate porridges, cereals, boiled meat. The amount of salt should not exceed 5–6 g per day.

After discharge from the hospital, the diet becomes less strict, but salt, fatty foods, strong coffee and tea, alcohol and confectionery

• animal fats (lard, fatty meat, butter);
• drinks containing caffeine;
• pasta, baked goods, fast food;
• overly salty and spicy foods;
• alcohol.

When observing positive dynamics, gradually increase daily amount vegetable carbohydrates. You need to eat at least 5 times a day, still in small portions. If the patient has had a stent installed, you need to eat a little and 6-7 times a day, avoiding eating immediately before bedtime. It is worth sticking to this diet for two to three weeks after the disease has entered the subacute stage.

Diet during scarring

To correctly and completely replace the area of ​​necrosis with connective tissue, you need to continue to monitor your diet, even if the symptoms of a heart attack have completely disappeared. To speed up recovery from illness, you need to take care of proper nutrition.

During the scarring period, the following products will be appropriate:

• dried fruits (dried apricots, prunes, dried apples, various compotes);

Dietary nutrition is aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease

• sea ​​fish and shrimp rich in iodine;
• fresh fruits and vegetables, cucumbers, garlic (except grapes);
• fermented milk products, cottage cheese;
• milk;
• vegetable stews, purees, decoctions;
• lean poultry and beef.

Exceeding the recommended level physical activity, stressful situation or abuse junk food complicates the rehabilitation period. Balanced diet after a heart attack will help stop the transition of scarring to the heart valves and avoid further formation of myocardiosclerosis.

Eating after illness

When enough time has passed for full recovery body after a heart attack, you can return to the usual 3-4 meals a day. Allowed to use solid food, weak tea and baked goods in reasonable quantities.

To prevent recurrent myocardial infarction, it is recommended:

• eat as many vegetables and fruits as possible every day;
• take care of sufficient quantity fiber (bread, cereals);
• add more carbohydrates to the diet and reduce the amount of protein-rich foods (replace fatty meat with cottage cheese);
• avoid smoked meats, stews and dishes with chemical additives;
• reduce cholesterol and salt intake.

Chicken eggs, pork liver, salmon caviar, and butter contain a large number of fatty acids. The diet after myocardial infarction should not include these foods. During the acute and subacute period, it is worth reducing the amount of fluid consumed.

The basis for successful rehabilitation of men after suffered a heart attack myocardium is compliance special diet, complete cessation of smoking and drinking alcohol, regular monitoring blood pressure, cholesterol levels in the blood and a radical change in the entire lifestyle. All these measures are aimed at preventing recurrences of heart attacks and fatal outcome From him. The key point here is proper nutrition aimed at normalizing all metabolic processes in the body, improving hemodynamics and enhancing the effectiveness of drug treatment. At the same time, the diet for the stronger sex should consist of foods that do not increase cholesterol levels.

Cardiologists advise all patients after myocardial infarction to plan their daily diet taking into account a number of important rules:

Dietary nutrition in the first month of illness

The diet after a heart attack should consist of several successive stages, each of which has its own characteristics. Immediately after diagnosis of the disease, patients are recommended to eat small portions up to 6 times a day. All food should be served to a man in the form of a thin puree. Vegetable and cereal soups, rare cereals and low-fat fermented milk products are shown. The interval between each meal should be 2-2.5 hours.

For 2-3 weeks after a heart attack, the patient has acute stage diseases. During this time, he is allowed to eat chopped food. The diet and frequency of meals remain the same. Adding salt and animal fats to food is strictly prohibited. Energy value the diet should not be more than 1 thousand calories per day.

21 days after a heart attack, a man begins the scarring stage. At this time, his diet can be varied with dried fruits, honey, bran, and nuts. It is useful to drink a decoction made from rose hips. Take food, as before, often and in small portions. The calorie content of the diet can be increased to 1400 kilocalories. The black list of products at this stage of the diet includes confectionery, sweet pastries, fatty foods, smoked foods, and canned food. Salt, as before, under complete ban. Drinks that are contraindicated include coffee, strong tea and all types of alcohol.

Nutrition during rehabilitation

After discharge from cardiology, the patient begins rehabilitation process. If throughout the entire time he was in the hospital, his diet was monitored by the attending physician, then at this stage the diet after a heart attack is controlled by the patient and his family members. The number of meals can be reduced to four. You need to have dinner no later than 2 hours before going to bed. If you can’t sleep on an empty stomach, nutritionists recommend that patients drink a glass of low-fat kefir at night (it can be replaced with yogurt). You are allowed to eat no more than 3 eggs during the week.

During the rehabilitation period after a heart attack, the diet for the stronger sex should be enriched with foods with high content potassium and magnesium.

It is recommended to gradually introduce fruits, vegetables, meat and fish dishes, various cereals, and flour bread into the diet of patients coarse. It is important to remember that a man’s diet should not contain anything salty, fatty, or fried. The daily caloric intake is increased to 2 thousand kilocalories. It is important to monitor your blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

During the diet, you need to monitor the amount of fluid consumed. Excess water the body, which is recovering from a heart attack, is not needed, since it will place additional stress on the man’s cardiovascular system. The optimal amount of liquid drunk per day should not exceed 1.5 liters, including liquid food.

Proper nutrition after myocardial infarction should become the norm for men. It will help restore the diseased heart and prevent relapses. People who watch their diet and do not consume foods harmful to the heart and blood vessels manage to successfully cope with a heart attack and return to a full life.

After a myocardial infarction occurs, you need to carefully monitor your health.

One of the preventive measures taken to prevent the occurrence of myocardial infarction is proper nutrition. But to restore health after a heart attack, you need to follow a specially designed diet.

The diet after a heart attack for a man and a woman consists of three diets, which completely depend on the period of the heart attack and must be prescribed by the attending physician.

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First ration

You can eat bread in this diet. But at the same time, it must be baked from premium or first-grade flour, well dried or in the form of crackers (allowable amount 50 g).

Soups are allowed to be included in the diet in an amount of 0.15-0.2 kg. As a rule, they are cooked in vegetable broth, to which permitted cereals and vegetables are then added. You can also add egg flakes to the soup.

As for meat, it should be presented in the form low-fat varieties and do not encumber fascia, tendons and fat. Poultry is also used, but without skin. For meat products, meatballs, cutlets, soufflés, etc. are allowed.

Dairy products include milk, which can be added to dishes or tea. Fermented milk products are also allowed, for example, low-fat kefir. The cottage cheese is thoroughly pureed and used in the form of a paste or soufflé.

It is useful to include protein omelettes in your diet. You can add egg flakes to vegetable dishes. Vegetables are allowed to be consumed only in the form of puree or carrot, beetroot, potato, and carrot-curd pudding. Among the cereals, you can eat rolled oats prepared with milk, grated buckwheat porridge, and semolina porridge.

It can be consumed no more than 30 g per day. The same applies to honey. Therefore, you need to choose one thing per day: honey or granulated sugar. The tea becomes weak. You can pour a little milk into it or put lemon. It is also permissible to drink prune infusion, fruit juice or rosehip decoction. Their dosage is 100-150 g/day.

The total amount of fluid taken should be 0.7-0.8 liters. The body should receive 50 g of protein, 0.15-0.2 kg of carbohydrates and no more than 40 g of fat per day. Salt intake is strictly prohibited. The total calorie content of the diet is 1300 calories, and the weight is about 1.7 kg.

For example, the patient’s first diet can be represented as follows:

• yogurt or prune decoction in the amount of ½ cup;
• porridge with milk with the addition of apples, grated apple, as a drink - tea with milk in the amount of ½ cup;
• boiled chicken, rosehip broth;
• boiled fish, vegetable broth and jelly;
• rosehip decoction and apple puree;
• rosehip decoction and cottage cheese;
• puree made from prunes.

Second and third rations

The total calorie content of the second diet is 1800 kcal, and the weight is about 2 kg. Moreover, it should contain 60 g of fat, 70 g of protein and 25 g of carbohydrates. The amount of liquid taken should not exceed 1 liter. You can include salt, but not more than 3 g.

As for the third diet, its calorie content should be 2300 kcal, weight no more than 2.3 kg. It contains: 70 g fat, 320 g carbohydrates, 90 g protein and 1.1 liters of liquid.

In the second and third rations, it is allowed to eat bread, but only it must be yesterday’s bread, and baked from wheat flour. During scarring, the amount of bread can be increased to 0.25 kg. If it is replaced by bread made from rye flour, then it is allowed only in the first ration and exclusively in the amount of 50 g.

The amount of soup in both diets is 0.25 g. Moreover, it should be made from well-cooked cereals and vegetables. You can also cook carrot or beet soup, but it should be pureed. Low-fat meat broth or borscht is also allowed.

As for meat, with these diets it is allowed to eat meat in the form of a cutlet mass or a small piece boiled meat. You can also use sour cream, unsalted low-fat cheese, as well as puddings made from cereals, carrots or fruits.

It is allowed to include baked apples, milk puddings, meringues, jellies, soft raw fruits and berries into the diet. As for sugar, you can consume no more than 50 g per day.

Since salt is allowed in small quantities, vanillin, lemon or tomato juice, and sauces made with vegetable broth or milk can be added to dishes. You can add 10 g of butter. You can boil the onion and then fry it a little. The drinks are identical to those with the first diet, but their volume increases to 0.2 liters. Snacks are still prohibited.

The menu of this diet includes viscous, liquid and ground porridge in an amount of 0.2 kg. Also add 0.1 kg of crumbly buckwheat porridge. The diet may include raw grated carrots, semolina casserole, and cauliflower.

The menu of the third diet includes: boiled vermicelli with cottage cheese, porridge in the amount of 0.2 kg, curd-buckwheat pudding and casserole of apples and semolina. Vegetables can be stewed beets or carrots in an amount of 0.15 kg. The third diet already allows the inclusion of snacks in the diet. This could be lean ham, ripe tomatoes, soaked herring.

Basics and features of the diet after a heart attack for men

Maintaining proper nutrition after myocardial infarction for men and women is aimed at reducing atherogenic dyslipidoproteinemia.

A specially selected diet must be followed taking into account the following rules:

1. It is necessary to introduce dishes containing large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids into the diet. They reduce the lipid content in the blood, and, therefore, improve blood circulation and reduce the load on the heart. These components are found in products such as meat, poultry, fish, and unrefined vegetable oils (for example, flaxseed, olive, sunflower).
2. Reduce consumption of foods with cholesterol. This applies to margarine, mayonnaise, and butter.
3. For cooking, use exclusively vegetable oil.
4. Reduce your intake of foods rich in fat to a minimum: chicken eggs, butter, cream.
5. Stop consuming cocoa, chocolate, strong tea, coffee, herbs and spices.
6. Enter dishes with content complex carbohydrates and fiber. You should eat plenty of fresh or cooked vegetables and fruits. It is advisable to boil or stew vegetables, and make juices and fresh juices from fruits.
7. Reduce salt intake to a minimum, but not more than 5 g/day.
8. The diet should be designed so that the heart and blood vessels receive microelements such as: potassium magnesium, vitamins A, C, B, E, F. All this can be obtained from: cod, parsley, almonds, sunflower seeds.
9. You should strictly control your fluid intake per day: no more than 1.2–1.5 liters of water, including soups, teas, and other liquid dishes.
10. It is advisable to eat 6-7 times a day in small portions. You should not drink or eat 2-3 hours before bedtime.

Folk remedies

Most often, problems with the cardiovascular system arise due to atherosclerosis.

To remove or reduce cholesterol, you can use the following methods:

• Introduction to the diet of raw food. It helps slow down fat deposition. Grind the head of garlic until mushy, pour in 1 tbsp. vegetable oil (unrefined). A day later, pour in the squeezed juice of 1 lemon and stir the mixture. Leave to infuse for a week in a cool, dark place, shaking the jar periodically. Drink the resulting oil 1 tsp. 3 times/day half an hour before meals for 3 months. After a month's break, the course is repeated.
• Eliminate cholesterol plaques Berries, vegetables, fruits, and juices made from them help. The best of them are apples, citrus fruits, cranberries, chokeberry. You should chew lemon zest as often as possible. It contains a lot essential oils, which have a beneficial effect on blood vessels. You can take a mixture of chokeberry and honey in a ratio of 1 to 2. 1 tbsp/day.
• To prevent arrhythmia, eat about 0.1-0.15 kg of dried apricots containing potassium.
• Walnuts contain magnesium. Grind 0.1 kg of kernels, add 2 tbsp. buckwheat honey Divide the prepared portion into 3 times and eat during the day.
• In the first days of myocardial infarction, drink unsweetened freshly squeezed juices. For example, it could be carrot juice with ½ tbsp of vegetable oil added. twice a day. You can also drink persimmon juice or turnip juice with honey for 3 months. Take juice made from equal parts of carrot, radish, beetroot and honey. Drink 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day half an hour before meals.
• 1 tbsp. dilute bee honey with 1/2 tbsp. boiled water and drink the resulting solution in sips throughout the day.
• You can take the mixture royal jelly and honey (1:100) 0.5 tsp each. 3 times/day. The mixture is left in the mouth until completely dissolved. The duration of treatment is at least 2-4 weeks.

What not to eat

Correction of the diet must be agreed upon with the attending physician.

After stenting

A diet is also necessary after stenting. It helps prevent the development of atherosclerosis. For correct drafting diet you need to visit a doctor.

After a heart attack or stenting, the body undergoes great stress. Therefore, during the recovery period you need to make every effort.

Only a qualified doctor can help with this, who will select the right menu and other preventive measures, which will help not only restore health, but also save lives.

Article publication date: 02/08/2017

Article updated date: 12/18/2018

From this article you will learn: what diet should you follow after a heart attack, the role proper nutrition for good health of cardio-vascular system. Useful and harmful products after .

Having had a myocardial infarction significantly increases the risk of developing a second heart attack. Scientific research has shown that a balanced and healthy diet can greatly reduce this risk.

A typical diet is rich in animal fats, easily digestible carbohydrates and preservatives. It has been proven that the combination of these products is to a certain extent responsible for the development of recurrent myocardial infarction, as well as other diseases, including some malignant tumors.

Doctors recommend that patients following a heart attack follow the Mediterranean diet or DASH diet.

Following a Mediterranean diet leads to a decrease in blood cholesterol and a decrease in blood pressure, which are among the main risk factors for developing a recurrent heart attack and stroke.

The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is balanced diet, which was specifically created in the USA to reduce high blood pressure. It also reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood. According to the data scientific research The DASH diet reduces the risk cardiovascular diseases by 20%, coronary disease heart disease by 21%, stroke by 19%, heart failure by 29%.

Both of these diets also help normalize weight, which is very useful for the rehabilitation of patients after a heart attack. A nutritionist or cardiologist should create a heart-healthy eating plan.

How can you cook food

The diet after a heart attack should not contain fried or deep-fried foods. You can use more heart-healthy methods:

• steaming,
• boiling in water
• stewing,
• baking,
• cooking in the microwave.

Mediterranean diet

The Mediterranean diet includes traditional rules healthy eating countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea - Italy, France, Greece and Spain. The cuisine in these countries differs slightly, but their diet is based on vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, olive oil and fish. Following this diet reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke by 30%.

The Mediterranean diet does not have a strict list of allowed or prohibited foods. It is the basis for daily healthy nutrition, which is based on the following principles:

• Maximize your intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains.
• Limit your consumption of red meat, replacing it with fish and poultry.
• Olive oil can be used instead of animal fats.
• Limit your intake of processed foods that are high in salt and saturated fat.
• Do not consume a lot of dairy products, give preference to low-fat types.
• Do not add salt to dishes at the table - it is already in the food.
• You can snack on fruit or unsalted nuts rather than buns, chips, cakes or cookies.
• Drink red wine with meals, but no more than 2 small glasses per day.
• Water is the best non-alcoholic drink.
• It is better to take food 5-6 times a day, but in smaller portions.

Ingredients Mediterranean diet:

Vegetables and fruits

Doctors recommend eating at least 5-6 servings of vegetables and fruits per day. They are rich in fiber, antioxidants and vitamins, especially vitamin C, which help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Cereals

It is better to eat whole grains, such as whole grain bread and pasta, and brown rice. These foods provide the body with carbohydrates, proteins, fiber, vitamins and minerals. Help reduce blood cholesterol, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Fish and seafood

White fish (cod, flounder, hake, halibut) – good source squirrel with low content fat Seafood (shrimp, crab, lobster, mussels) contain proteins and some important microelements. Oily fish is also rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A and D. Omega-3- fatty acid reduce the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction.

Legumes

Include beans, peas, lentils and chickpeas, which are useful basis for preparing soups and stews. They provide the body with proteins, carbohydrates, fiber and vitamins. Eating legumes is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.

Fats and vegetable oils

Vegetable oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acids are used to replace saturated fats of animal origin. Olive oil is traditionally recommended.

Healthy monounsaturated fatty acids are also found in olives, nuts and avocados.

Nuts and seeds

Nuts (almonds, walnuts, cashew nuts, brazil nuts) and seeds (pumpkin, sunflower, sesame, poppy) provide the body with proteins, fiber, vitamins and minerals, and are also rich in healthy unsaturated fatty acids.

You should not eat salted seeds, as salt can increase blood pressure.

Eating seeds in large quantities can cause obesity, as they contain a lot of fat.

White meat

Lean chicken, turkey and other poultry meats are rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals. It is best to remove all skin and any visible fat before consumption.

When white meat is included in ready-made food products (pies, shawarma, hamburgers), it contains much more fat and is not healthy.

Wine

Red wine contains antioxidants and anti-inflammatory substances that protect the heart from disease.

Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages is harmful to health, so it is not recommended to drink more than 2 small glasses (125 ml each) of red wine per day.

Dairy products

Red meat

Beef, pork and lamb are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals, but these meats are high in saturated fat. Consumption of red meat is limited to once a week.

Potato

Contains fiber, B vitamins, vitamin C, potassium. However, potatoes are rich in starch, which increases the risk diabetes mellitus. It is better to eat potatoes boiled or baked. Potato consumption is limited to three servings per week.

Sweets and desserts

Can only be consumed occasionally in small quantities as they are rich in sugar and saturated fatty acids.

In the Mediterranean diet, the consumption of sweets or desserts is limited to three servings per week.

The DASH diet was developed by the US National Institutes of Health to lower blood pressure. Its principles are very similar to the Mediterranean diet, with minor differences.

• Fruits and vegetables - as an important source of fiber, potassium and magnesium.
• Whole grains - as an important source of energy and fiber.
• Low-fat dairy products - as a source of calcium and protein.
• Birds and fish are sources of protein and magnesium.
• Nuts and legumes are rich sources of energy, fiber, protein and magnesium.
• Non-tropical vegetable oils– as a source of unsaturated fats.

Consumption is limited:

• saturated and trans fats,
• sodium,
• red meat,
• sweets and sweetened drinks.

Prohibited Products

Diet after a heart attack should reduce the risk of another heart attack. To do this, the diet should not include foods that increase blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar.

Prohibited and restricted products: