Causes of thin uterine endometrium. Causes of thin endometrium and features of the treatment of pathology

Every woman suffering from infertility has her own history of treatment, her own causes of the disease, but everyone has one dream. Gynecologists and pharmacists are constantly looking for new drugs and treatments for this disease. After all, the main thing is not only to put correct diagnosis, but also to choose an individual treatment, the result of which will be the birth of a healthy baby.

Thin endometrium - what to do?

A common cause of female infertility is thin layer endometrium, and treatment in this case can be carried out with hormonal medications, pseudohormones, herbal decoctions. Going to your goal will not be easy, but reaching it is quite possible.

How to treat thin endometrium with herbs?

Many women refuse to hormonally treat thin endometrium, since folk remedies also help with this problem. Highly good results for follicles gives sage with a thin endometrium, you need to brew 1 teaspoon in a glass of water and drink during the day in the first phase of the cycle. Also helps a lot upland uterus with a thin endometrium, being a pseudohormone that is transformed in a woman's body. It also has an anti-inflammatory effect. More modern medicine offers to solve this problem homeopathic drops "Tazalok", which normalize the menstrual cycle and regulate the synthesis of endogenous gonadotropic hormones. This drug has virtually no side effects.

How to build up a thin endometrium with drugs?

The endometrium grows within 14 days, its growth is stimulated by estradiol preparations. To build up the endometrium, doctors prescribe the drug Proginova, Estradiol or Femoston in the first phase of the cycle, in the second phase they recommend taking duphaston. Duphaston with a thin endometrium helps to form its structure, acts like a synthetic progesterone - "accompanies" the overgrown endometrium, it should be taken in the second half of the cycle. All these drugs are synthetic and have many contraindications, so their use should be discussed with your doctor and assess the risk yourself.

Often, a thin endometrium is detected after taking OK, but it all depends on the woman's body. Rejection oral contraceptives and taking regulon for two months can lead to positive results in restoring optimal endometrial growth.

A woman is diagnosed with hypoplasia when she has a thin endometrium. Treatment of such a disease is prescribed based on the factors that could lead to it.

What are the causes of thin endometrium, what is the danger of this disease, and how to deal with it? We propose to understand these issues in more detail.

The term "hypoplasia" in medicine refers to the underdevelopment of any tissue or organism as a whole. If we talk about the uterine mucosa, then this definition indicates that a woman has a very thin endometrium - her upper mucous layer.

Why is the thin endometrium of the uterus dangerous?

The endometrium lining the uterus plays a very important role in reproductive function female body. This layer consists of 2 parts. The lower one is the basal cells that do not change with the change hormonal status. The upper layer is functional and is responsible for the implantation of a fertilized egg, as well as for the development of the embryo in the future until the full formation of the placenta, which provides the fetus with nutrients and oxygen. After all, on early stages pregnancy, it is in it that the glands and blood vessels develop, which subsequently form part of the placenta. Every month it grows, and in case of non-occurrence of pregnancy under the influence of hormones, it is rejected and leaves along with menstrual blood out. Thin endometrium uterus in women reproductive age can often cause infertility and miscarriage.

Thin endometrium: causes

There are several factors that provoke thinning of the upper mucous layer of the uterus. Among the main ones are:

• hormonal and endocrine disruptions in the body are the main reason that the endometrium is thin;
• congenital and acquired disorders in the blood supply to the uterus;
• endometrial injury, which can occur with surgical interventions into the uterine cavity (abortion, curettage, etc.);
• underdevelopment of the uterus;
• frequent processes infectious nature in the uterus.

There is also an opinion that thin endometrium may be hereditary in nature, but this assumption does not have sufficient evidence.

Thin endometrium and pregnancy

With a pathology such as thin endometrium, pregnancy is difficult. The chances of conception are significantly reduced. And even if fertilization and implantation of the embryo occur, there is a high probability of spontaneous abortion - miscarriage. Fortunately, modern methods treatments are very successful in eliminating this pathology.

Normal thickness of the uterine endometrium

As already mentioned, during the cycle of menstruation, the thickness of the endometrium changes. There are graphs that help determine its rate at a certain phase of the cycle:

1-2 days - 0.5-0.9 cm;
3-4 days - 0.3-0.5 cm;
5-7 day - 0.6-0.9 cm;
8-10 days - 0.8-1.0 cm;
11-14 days - 0.9-1.3 cm;
15-18 days - 1.0-1.3 cm;
19-23 days - 1.0-1.4 cm;
24-27 days - 1.0-1.3 cm.

In order to exclude such a pathology as the thin endometrium of the uterus, use ultrasound procedure which is carried out several times per cycle. Also informative in this case are blood tests for progesterone, as well as luteotropic and follicle-stimulating sex hormones (LH and FSH). The sampling of material for research is carried out on the 20-22nd day from the onset of menstruation. For more exact result uterine biopsy may be used.

Thin endometrium: treatment

When analyzes and studies have confirmed that the endometrium is thin, treatment is prescribed depending on the causes that provoked this violation. For example, in the case hormonal imbalance a woman is prescribed drugs that include the hormone progesterone. So it is very effective in the diagnosis of thin endometrium Duphaston, active substance which is dydrogesterone - an analogue of natural progesterone.

If endometrial hypoplasia occurred subsequently chronic inflammation pelvic organs, initially it is necessary to eliminate primary disease. In cases of inadequate blood supply to the uterus, in parallel with drugs, a special physiotherapy, massages and correct mode nutrition. There are also folk recipes, helping to overcome the problem of thinning of the endometrium, but they can only be used on the recommendation of the attending doctor.

The forum on the site may tell you about the problems associated with the diagnosis of thin endometrium. But the treatment this disease should be prescribed only by a doctor, based on the results of the studies.

In nature, balance is very important, compliance with the rule of the "golden mean". Extreme variants are always rejected, because they cannot meet the requirements for the normal existence of the species. This rule can be perfectly demonstrated by the example of the endometrium or the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity.

There are diseases that lead to its hyperplasia, that is, to its excessive growth. The best known of these diseases is endometriosis. This disease often leads to infertility, to the appearance of heavy and painful periods and is a big problem in endocrine gynecology.

But there is another extreme, in which the endometrium is not at all subject to excessive growth and hyperplasia. On the contrary, it has an abnormally small thickness. And since it depends on the thickness of this layer very important period prenatal development human - implantation gestational sac into the wall of the uterus, then this is a real difficulty for bearing.

Therefore, the problem of a thin mucous layer of the uterus is directly related to the problem of infertility. Very often, women ask a gynecologist if it is possible to get pregnant with a thin endometrium? We will try to answer this question, but before that, we will talk a little about what is the normal thickness of the endometrium for conception, and how it works.

The endometrium is inner layer lining the uterus. Unlike the lining of other hollow organs, such as the stomach, the lining of the uterus undergoes regular, cyclic changes.

In the event that fertilization has not occurred, the endometrium is rejected, and its remnants are excreted in the form of menstruation. In the same case, if fertilization has occurred, then its task after some time is to accept the fetal egg, to fix it in its thickness (this process is called implantation). It is this time that is the early "critical" period of pregnancy.

Next, you need to change the type of nutrition of the embryo. Previously, it was diffuse, in which it received nutrients from the surrounding fluid, and now it will be hematotrophic (using blood vessels). In other words, without a normally arranged endometrium, the appearance of the chorion at first, and then the placenta, will be impossible.

The endometrium is normally two-layered. It is based on basal cells, which do not react to changes in any way. female cycle. The task of the basal layer is to produce a functional top layer. It is he who, after fertilization, will be responsible for the prompt change in the nutrition of the embryo and the development of the fetus.

In the event that the thickness of this layer in a woman in the fertile period is insufficient, this can cause either miscarriage or infertility. How thick should the endometrium be to get pregnant and carry a baby?

Source: Prosto-Maria.ru

Pathology

As obstetric statistics show, the normal thickness of the functional uterine endometrium in women childbearing age, which does not prevent the continuation of pregnancy, is 7 mm.

After menstruation, in the first days of the cycle, when the activity of the uterine mucosa is regulated by estrogens, it gradually increases, and ranges from 5 to 9 mm. After ovulation, when estrogens “give way” to progesterone, the endometrium is prepared for possible pregnancy. As a result, the thickness of the endometrium can reach 1.3 - 1.4 cm in thickness.

Pregnancy with a thin endometrium becomes problematic if its thickness does not exceed 5 mm during the progesterone phase of the cycle. In this case, it is possible to diagnose "endometrial hypoplasia", or its thinning.

Of course, there is a convention in any figures, and many more women form the question incorrectly. After all, fertilization or conception can occur in any condition of the uterine mucosa (for example, in a tube), but with its hypoplasia, further continuation of pregnancy will become impossible or difficult.

There are cases when pregnancy and thin endometrium were successfully combined, and even with a thickness of 4 mm, a woman managed to bear a child. But with such a thickness of the endometrium, the risk of developing obstetric pathology in early pregnancy increases greatly, which leads to its interruption or to the development of complications.

After all, in normal conditions the task of the endometrium is to continue to thicken under the influence of progesterone after pregnancy has occurred. During the first weeks after pregnancy, the thickness of the inner uterine layer can be more than 2 cm, which is what the doctor often notices during a gynecological ultrasound.

The fertilized egg itself may not yet be noticeable, but it can already be determined probable sign pregnancy. But in the event that a woman's endometrial thickness is not enough for conception and bearing, This should be permanent cause miscarriage in the first trimester. Consider what should be average rate endometrium for conception on the days of the cycle.

Norm

Consider what should be the thickness of the endometrium for conception and normal gestation child. Every obstetrician-gynecologist antenatal clinic exist special tables, which allow you to calculate whether the thickness of the inner lining corresponds to normal course cycle, and whether there are signs of both hypoplasia and hyperplastic process. Here is a table of endometrial thicknesses by cycle days for conception.

Source: bolshoyvopros.ru

The diagram shows that on the 14th day the largest diameter of the follicle falls, and ovulation occurs, and after that, the growth of the endometrium occurs slightly if fertilization does not occur. After ovulation, in the second half of the cycle, the normal thickness “does not reach” up to one and a half centimeters. Accordingly, the norm of the endometrium for conception can confidently be considered from 1 centimeter.

Is it possible to get pregnant if the endometrium is 7 mm? Yes, it is quite possible, but the chances are still the greatest if several conditions are met at the same time:

• dynamic observation of a gynecologist and pregnancy management;
• planned conception with possible medical support;
• elimination of extragenital pathology, which can create a risk of increased miscarriage.

We have determined what the endometrium should be for the conception of a child and its bearing in thickness. But what causes lead to hypoplasia of the inner layer?

Causes

Why is the endometrium not growing? Reasons for this may lie in various diseases and in the patient's lifestyle. Most common causes development of hypoplasia lie in the following diseases and states:

• Endocrine diseases and disorders of the hormonal function of the ovaries and the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Often we are talking about the lack of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland, which leads to a lack of estrogens. In some cases, a lack of estrogen can be caused by local reasons such as ovarian cysts.

• Congenital and acquired circulatory disorders in the myometrium and endometrium. Lack of blood circulation leads to a decrease in the level of metabolism in the endometrium, and this leads to its poor growth or hypoplasia.
• Presence of polycystic ovaries.
• Congenital aplasia or hypoplasia of the uterus (or its underdevelopment).
• Frequent surgical manipulations, for example, curettage of the uterus, frequent abortions.

The cause of small endometrium is currently uncontrolled reception young patients hormonal drugs, including without the appointment of a gynecologist.

It is necessary to use not means emergency contraception during unprotected sex, and use condoms. In this case, there will be no harm to the body of women (perhaps, except for an allergy to latex, which is not so common), and there is no risk of developing hypoplasia;

Very often, endometrial hypoplasia leads to the presence of chronic inflammatory processes in the uterus, such as chronic endometritis, chronic forms sexually transmitted diseases - trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasma and ureaplasma infection.

All this leads to the development of adhesive and cicatricial processes that worsen the proliferation of the endometrium and its development.

In the end, a disordered lifestyle, constant chronic stress, irregular periods, smoking, alcoholism, and even more so drug addiction leads to a complete disruption of the hormonal regulation of the female cycle, the development of chronic beriberi, and depletion of the body.

Therefore, a woman preparing to become a mother needs not only to know how to prepare the endometrium for pregnancy, but also how to prepare her own body for motherhood entirely. What are the symptoms of endometrial hypoplasia, and how does this condition manifest itself?

Symptoms

Unlike endometriosis, the signs of uterine mucosal hypoplasia are not as noticeable, and many women are not even aware that they have this problem. Sometimes it is manifested only by habitual miscarriage, which occurs immediately after conception.

There are some symptoms that women may experience. These include:

• periodic amenorrhea, which is expressed in the absence of menstruation;
• very scanty and insufficient menstruation.

This symptom indicates insufficient development of the endometrium by the end of the cycle. But sometimes there are discharges like metrorrhagia in the middle of the cycle, in which even clots can separate. This sign will indicate that a sufficiently active and well-ripened endometrial tissue is not rejected when it should be.

In addition, the symptoms of hypoplasia include the late onset of menstruation, reduced libido, anorgasmia, insufficient deposition of fat along the female type and hirsutism, as a sign of androgen excess. Indirectly, other symptoms of estrogen deficiency can serve in favor of endometrial hypoplasia.

All the above signs and the symptoms of a thin endometrium should definitely alert the woman, and she should tell the gynecologist about them. How can endometrial hypoplasia be diagnosed?

Diagnostics

It must be remembered that only comprehensive examination women allows you to diagnose endometrial hypoplasia. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound of the uterus, and moreover several times during the same cycle. In addition, the diagnosis of endometrial hypoplasia cannot be made without the patient having the following tests:

• a comprehensive blood test for hormones: estradiol, progesterone, pituitary gonadotropic hormones, and the study can be carried out at different periods of the cycle.
• a biopsy of the endometrium taken from different sites in which there is a high probability of the appearance of the most developed endometrium in the period following ovulation. It is during this period that the thickness of the endometrium for conception should be normal up to 14 mm.

The above are the main diagnostic procedures, without which it is impossible to deliver accurate diagnosis. But if the causes of thin endometrium are known, then what should be the treatment? What are the basic principles of endometrial enlargement for a normal pregnancy?

Treatment

It should be recalled that only the attending gynecologist should prescribe all drugs. Treatment of a thin endometrium is a delicate process that may involve not only certain food products for the growth of the endometrium and follicles. Often, according to indications, an appointment is required hormone therapy, as well as other drugs. Consider the basic principles of how to increase the endometrium for conception.

Medications

Most often, gynecologists deal with hormonal deficiency. Therefore, in the first half of the cycle there may be a lack of estrogens, and in the second half of the cycle there may be a lack of progesterone. It is necessary to determine which hormones are lacking and prescribe compensatory therapy.

In some cases, patients need estradiol, and in some cases, progestins, such as Duphaston or Utrozhestan. These drugs can replace progesterone and prepare the endometrium of the uterus for a possible pregnancy.

They increase the proliferation of the endometrium, at the same time reduce muscle tone uterus, which also favors the implantation of the fetal egg, and also prevents the exfoliation of the endometrium. The appointment of such drugs, as well as combined oral contraceptives or COCs, must be carried out under the supervision of a doctor, and taken according to the scheme, depending on the days of the cycle.

In some cases, in order to achieve a normal concentration of endogenous progesterone, ovulation stimulation is required. This procedure is especially delicate for thin endometrium.

In the event that stimulation is carried out independently, in the form of self-medication, then drugs such as Klostilbegit can lead to more more development endometrial hypoplasia. It is necessary to stimulate ovulation in combination with estrogen-containing drugs, and always under the supervision of a specialist.

Folk

How to increase the thickness of the endometrium to get pregnant without drugs? First of all, in the absence of chronic microbial diseases, physiotherapy is indicated. According to the doctor's prescription, UHF, magnetotherapy, diadynamic currents, amplipulse, sinusoidally modulated currents can be prescribed.

In some cases, in the stage of stable remission, it is shown Spa treatment: bathing, electrophoresis with medicines including vitamins and enzymes. These procedures lead to the resorption of scars and adhesions, the rise of immunity, the normalization menstrual cycle.

How to build up the endometrium with folk remedies? Among the most beloved folk remedies we can mention the infusion of boron uterus. It can be bought at a pharmacy, the herb is taken daily for several teaspoons of infusion, prepared from ready-made bags filled with a glass of boiling water, according to the instructions.

Combined herbal preparations containing yarrow, nettle, elderberry, mint and chamomile help well. Many women celebrate good healing action tea from crimson leaves. It can be drunk as regular tea, several times a day, it promotes an anti-inflammatory mild effect and contributes to the normalization of the endometrium in case of uterine lesions.

Diet

How to build up the endometrium for conception with proper diet? To do this, you must adhere to the following principles:

• It is advisable to consume more fiber, especially pumpkin and pineapple. In the event that you do not have allergies, you can eat them without restriction, as well as drink pumpkin and pineapple juice.
• Include easily digestible foods in your diet, such as fatty varieties sea ​​fish and lean meats.
• It is very useful to stimulate the immune system to use dried fruits, nuts, honey and red wine.
• It is useful to use berries such as raspberries, which contain high level salicylates. Raspberries can be considered a natural aspirin, they gently help to reduce inflammation, including in gynecology.
• It is not forbidden to use a small amount of natural spices. Contribute to the stimulation of endometrial growth cinnamon, sweet paprika, curry.

At the same time, you need to strictly monitor the restriction of tea, especially strong, coffee, refined fatty foods, french fries, muffins, fast carbohydrates, fried and smoked.

We can say that pregnancy with a small endometrium is possible. You need to try in every possible way to increase it, but first of all, you need to normalize your menstrual cycle and the physiological rhythm of hormone production. And in this it plays an important role healthy lifestyle life.

Regular and good sleep, dosed exercise stress, popular and useful species sports, positive emotions very good influence on the correct hormonal background. And this means that a woman, in cooperation with gynecologists and in fulfilling their prescriptions, has a very real chance to get rid of such a problem as endometrial hypoplasia and infertility caused by it.

Today, a normal embryo and a receptive endometrium capable of accepting it are considered fundamental factors in achieving the desired pregnancy. That is why the thin endometrium, the causes of which can be very different, significantly reduces the possibility of getting pregnant, because it is believed that its thickness of less than 5 mm gives the minimum chances for a productive conception. Therefore, modern medicine has directed all its forces to combat this disease.

However, let's talk in more detail about this pathology, and also reliably determine those pathogenic factors that provoke its development. First of all, let us clarify that the endometrium itself is represented by the internal mucous membrane of the body of the uterus, lining its cavity and containing many blood vessels. Its main function is to provide optimal conditions so necessary for the implantation of the blastocyst in the uterus.

However, in gynecology, thin endometrium is often diagnosed, the causes of which can be caused by a number of pathological factors. This may be a violation of the blood supply in the uterus, which is inherent in both hereditary (congenital) and acquired (after inflammation, induced abortion, trauma, diseases of the uterus or neighboring organs) character. In addition, pathology can be formed against the background or as a result of

If we talk about such an anomaly as a thin endometrium, its causes can be directly related to abortion, with increased curettage. Such a harmful "event" not only violates the endometrium, but also brings enormous damage to the female body. When the entire functional layer of the uterus is removed, the patient is left without the platform from which the endometrium could develop, however, this phenomenon is extremely rare, but if there are places where the endometrial layer cannot be restored, pregnancy becomes very difficult.

If a pathology of the thin endometrium is detected, treatment should be prescribed immediately. How to detect this anomaly in a timely manner? Maturity and are clearly visible on ultrasound, and its permissible value should be at least 7 mm, only then a successful pregnancy is possible. However, it is important to clarify that pregnancy is quite real even with a thinner endometrium, however, the thinner its layer, the less chance of becoming pregnant.

If a thin endometrium is found, the causes are established, an immediate set of measures is needed to eliminate the pathology, which in most cases gives positive result. Therefore, today such concepts as "thin endometrium" and "pregnancy" are quite compatible.

So, productive treatment can be both medical with a predominance of hormonal therapy, and surgical with direct removal of the endometrial layer. In the second case, there is also the use of hormones to restore the internal balance of the female body.

Despite the fact that the thin endometrium is almost impossible to identify on its own, since the pathology is asymptomatic, rarely accompanied by bleeding, systematic prevention of this disease is necessary. To do this, you need to monitor your health, eliminate it intensively in time to fight obesity, restore your emotional background, and eliminate stress. It is also advisable to carry out planned and at the slightest anxieties "like a woman" to seek help from a leading specialist.

This is the only way to prevent the progression of the anomaly thin endometrium, the causes of which must be eliminated in a timely manner.

Thin endometrium (hypoplasia) is a condition that is diagnosed in about 1/3 of women of childbearing age. Endometrium is a mucous membrane, the thickness of which is normal condition- 7-12 mm. It is to the endometrium that the embryo is attached, so if its thickness is less than 4 mm, this poses a serious threat to pregnancy.

• hormonal imbalance:
• abortions and curettage;
• inflammatory diseases of the uterus;
• having a history surgical operations on the uterus or ovaries;
• abuse (Postinor, Escapel, Ginepriston).

Diseases can also provoke hypoplasia endocrine system, infections genitourinary system, underdevelopment of the uterus.

Signs of a thin endometrium

Many women are not aware of the presence of hypoplasia until they visit scheduled inspection at the gynecologist or will not face miscarriage or. It is very important to diagnose the disease before conception in order to pass necessary treatment and avoid serious complications during pregnancy. The reason for contacting a gynecologist is:

• violation of the menstrual cycle, too scarce or, conversely, abundant discharge;
• insufficiently expressed secondary sexual characteristics;
• uterine bleeding, accompanied by clots and severe pain.

If you have at least one of the above symptoms, you should see a gynecologist. Because most spontaneous miscarriages occur during early dates when a woman takes it for the beginning of the menstrual cycle and does not go to the doctor, this can adversely affect her health.

Why is thin endometrium dangerous for the female body?

A fully developed endometrium is essential for normal conception and healthy pregnancy. Hypoplasia is one of the most common causes of infertility. Even if a woman with a thin endometrium manages to get pregnant, miscarriages in the early stages in this case are quite common. In pregnant women with hypoplasia, it is more pronounced, much weaker generic activity and there is a risk heavy bleeding during and after childbirth. In some cases the only way to find the joy of motherhood for women with this diagnosis is IVF.

If a thin endometrium is already diagnosed in a pregnant woman, it is necessary to provide her with maximum rest. Often, expectant mothers with such a diagnosis end up in a hospital for preservation at an early stage and stay there for a long time. long time. A woman has to take care of herself, lead a sedentary lifestyle and regularly take drugs prescribed by a specialist to maintain pregnancy.

Diagnostics

Thanks to timely diagnosis chances for successful treatment and happy motherhood in a woman increase significantly. The doctor can make the primary diagnosis based on the patient's complaints, anamnesis and the results of the examination. But in order to accurately determine that the thin endometrium is the cause of all problems, it is necessary to go through a series additional surveys: Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and uterus, take blood tests and hormones, undergo a biopsy of the uterus, provide material for a histological examination.

Treatment

Thin endometrium is a condition that needs mandatory treatment which may be conservative or surgical. If the cause of the disease is hormonal failure, the patient is prescribed therapy with drugs containing progesterone. Medical treatment thin endometrium - quite long process, which requires an average of 1-3 months, depending on individual characteristics woman's body. Along with taking medicines the patient is shown physiotherapeutic procedures and therapeutic exercises. In cases where the disease was provoked by other pathologies of the pelvic organs, in without fail they need to be treated.

If more serious factors have become the cause of the development of hypoplasia, then it will be required surgical intervention which involves the surgical removal of the thin inner layer of the endometrium. Further, it will be necessary to ensure the growth of the required thickness of the inner shell with the help of intensive hormone therapy.

Do not be afraid of taking hormones, serious side effects possessed only drugs of the first generation. At correct reception medicines and following all the doctor's recommendations, you can achieve a positive result. Unfortunately, the exact statistics of how many women managed to get pregnant after treatment is unknown, since an important role in this process play such auxiliary factors as age, lifestyle, diseases of the reproductive system. More likely to conceive a child in the first months after hormone therapy are healthy young women without bad habits, abortion and serious gynecological diseases in history.

Also effective in the treatment of thin endometrium are the means traditional medicine. Doctors recommend taking a decoction of sage three times a day for the duration of treatment. Only with responsible integrated approach you will be able to achieve a positive result and get rid of such an unpleasant diagnosis as a thin endometrium.

IVF - is it worth it?

If all attempts at self-conception have not been successful, then - last hope experience the joy of motherhood. With a thin endometrium, the procedure is performed only when the endometrium grows up to 8-9 mm. And that does not always guarantee a positive result. Look at the statistics, a woman's age plays a big role. So this procedure effective until the age of 35. By the age of 40, numerous unsuccessful IVFs will not only weaken female body, but also cause psycho-emotional disorders. If several attempts have failed, it may be worth considering adoption and not spending years visiting clinics.

If you decide to take such a responsible step as IVF, you should know about all possible consequences. The onset of pregnancy is not yet a triumph over infertility. Check out the statistics premature birth, perinatal and infant mortality is 2-4 times higher than in natural childbirth.