Measles, rubella, mumps, live vaccine. Contraindications to vaccination against carnella

Endless vaccinations childhood- this is an opportunity to avoid many serious diseases in more late period. When immunization is carried out against three dangerous infections you can save time and avoid another emotional stress associated with this unpleasant procedure.

The measles, rubella and mumps vaccine is a type of injection. It’s easy to do, but how is it tolerated and in what quantity? side effects possesses few people think about it until they encounter it in real life. Which possible reactions for measles, rubella, mumps vaccination and how can you prepare for the upcoming vaccination? Let's find out everything about her.

Why are measles, rubella and mumps dangerous?

You can become infected with the diseases for which this vaccine is intended even before birth. It happens intrauterine infection when the outcome is unpredictable for the mother and the unborn child. What other dangers can children expect when encountering these viruses, besides severe symptoms?

If a pregnant woman becomes infected with measles or comes into contact with a sick person, this can result in the death of the fetus and numerous malformations of the child - myopia, heart defects, deafness and impaired physical development baby.
characterized not only by inflammation of the parotid and salivary glands, it often leads to inflammation of the brain and testicles (orchitis), which sometimes causes infertility.
Rare complications of mumps include pancreatitis, arthritis, and nephritis.
reduces immunity, which can result in numerous and dangerous bacterial complications.
Measles also causes illness internal organs: hepatitis, tracheobronchitis, panencephalitis ( inflammatory process all membranes of the brain).

The immunity that babies receive from their mother at birth is unstable and lasts only a few months. Therefore, every child needs vaccination against such infections to protect him at any age.

Vaccination schedule and location of vaccine administration

In most cases, vaccinations against measles, rubella, and mumps are combined against these three diseases, but there are also single vaccines. The measles, rubella, and mumps vaccination schedule is as follows.

There is no exact data on how long the measles vaccine protects a person. mumps and rubella. It can last for 10–25 years, depending on the characteristics of the body and the susceptibility of the vaccine.

What to do if the vaccination schedule is violated or if the child did not receive immunoprophylaxis against these infections in a timely manner?

If a vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps virus is prescribed, where is it given?

The vaccination dose of the combined vaccine, which is 0.5 ml of the drug, is administered subcutaneously under the shoulder blade or into outer surface right shoulder (conditional border between the middle and lower third).

How do children tolerate the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine?

Child's immunity different years life may react differently to the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine. This is explained by the maturation of all body systems and the fact that in case of revaccination the drug is re-administered.

How is the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine tolerated at 1 year of age? Often children react to vaccination with a condition resembling a mild viral infection. This may appear:

TO local reactions include hyperemia (redness) and swelling of the tissue at the site where the vaccine was administered.

How is the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine tolerated at 6 years of age? - the manifestations are still the same as at 1 year. In addition, sometimes allergic reactions occur in the form of a rash at the injection site or throughout the body. On top of that, things happen bacterial complications in the form of bronchitis, sore throat, otitis, which is often the result of improper behavior before or after vaccination.

There are also specific symptoms for vaccination. They do not apply to all components of the polyvaccine, but to its specific components.

Reactions and complications to the measles vaccine component

Some conditions after vaccination should not be paid attention to; many of them are a completely natural reaction of the body to the introduction of protective antibodies. But forewarned means forearmed. It is much easier to cope with the consequences of vaccination when you have heard about them.

The measles, rubella, mumps vaccine has the greatest reactogenicity due to its measles component. It is important to remember that vaccines with a measles component are live. Is a child contagious after vaccination with measles, rubella, and mumps? There is no need to be afraid of it; it contains significantly weakened viruses that normally do not lead to the development of infection.

The body's reactions in children to the measles component of the vaccine are as follows:

As noted above, it is the measles component of this complex vaccine that most often leads to complications. Complications do occur, but nevertheless they do not happen very often and develop from 6 to 11 days. These include following states:

Body reactions to a component of the mumps vaccine

slight enlargement of the parotid salivary glands for one to three days;
redness of the throat, rhinitis;
short-term rise in temperature.

How long does the temperature last? - no more than two days.

Unlike complications of antibodies against measles, the consequences of the mumps component are less pronounced and rare.

Possible reactions to rubella protection

Prevention of rubella in a multicomponent vaccine is represented by live weakened virus cells. In children, reactions are rare and are not severe in nature.

Enlarged lymph nodes after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps and redness of the injection site.
A slight increase in temperature for one, maximum two days.
Very rarely, arthralgia or the appearance of pain in the joint area occurs with little stress and at rest.

If, after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps, a rash appears in the form of small roseola (reddish spots small size) or purple spots - this is a complication of the rubella component.

How to cope with the consequences of vaccination

Reactions in the form of redness and swelling are normal. Thus, inflammation with big amount blood cells, making the immune response faster and more effective. Even if the reaction lasts for two days, there is no need to panic. Conventional anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and antipyretic drugs will help cope with such symptoms.

If significant complications occur after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. In some cases, more serious medicines, observation by health care workers or hospitalization.

Contraindications for vaccination: measles, rubella, mumps

Not everyone is eligible for the use of medications that protect against these infections. In all cases, contraindications can be divided into permanent and temporary.

Permanent contraindications to vaccination:

Temporary contraindications to vaccination:

chemotherapy that suppresses the immune system;
exacerbation of chronic diseases or ARVI;
administration of immunoglobulin or blood components, then the vaccination is done no earlier than three months later.

How to behave before vaccination

How can I help my child tolerate vaccination more easily? To this unpleasant procedure It’s easier to prepare than to deal with many complications later.

What not to do after vaccination

In order not to confuse vaccination complications with other similar conditions, you need to be on guard even after immunization.

It's important to stock up in advance the necessary drugs and discuss with your doctor possible consequences vaccinations.

Types of vaccines used

Patriotic three-component vaccine measles, rubella, mumps no. Now in clinics there is only a two-component version with protection against measles and mumps, which is a certain inconvenience, because you will have to do another additional injection against rubella. But in terms of portability they are not inferior to foreign ones.

Among the imported vaccines against measles, rubella, mumps, the following have been successfully used for many years:

MMR against measles, mumps and rubella, which is produced by a joint American-Dutch company;
Belgian Priorix;
English "Ervevax".

Vaccinations given imported vaccine, more comfortable. The protection of each against measles, rubella and mumps is not inferior Russian analogue. But unlike domestic vaccines, you will have to pay for imported ones yourself, and they cost a lot. Another disadvantage is the need to search for a foreign vaccine. You will have to take care of this in advance. You need to order it or look for it in others medical institutions, not forgetting about the conditions of transportation and storage of the drug.

Which vaccine to prefer is the choice of the people who will be vaccinated.

Do I need to get the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine? Without exaggeration, we can say that this is one of the most important vaccines against infections in our time. WITH side effects vaccinations against measles, infectious rubella and mumps are easier to cope with than to correct the numerous complications of diseases caused by these viruses!

Vaccinations in childhood make it possible to avoid dangerous diseases or make it much easier to survive an infection when it enters the body. Vaccination is carried out only for healthy children after examination by a pediatrician. Despite this, some children still experience side effects. This most often occurs after MMR vaccination. What are the consequences of the measles vaccination in children? Let’s look at this in the article.

When foreign agents enter the body, it begins to fight them, which is expressed by the following symptoms:

body temperature rises: this creates a destructive environment for pathogenic bacteria;
weakness appears - the child’s strength is spent on the internal fight against bacteria;
appetite worsens.

Parents often confuse the body’s normal reaction to vaccination and side effects with complications. Let's figure out what is the body's normal reaction to vaccination, and what requires close attention from parents and even doctors.

The most normal reaction of the body is the absence of any alarming symptoms The child has. However, doctors also consider the following to be normal:

swelling in the injection area;
temperature 37.0-37.5°C for 5 days;
slight pain in the joints;
coughing and headache;
runny nose and catarrhal symptoms;
restlessness, moderate irritability in a child;
mild rashes on the neck and cheeks - this is how the body sometimes reacts to the measles antigen;
slight enlargement of lymph nodes.

All these symptoms do not appear strongly and disappear within 10-14 days. However, in some cases, the following vaccination complications may occur, which require medical correction:

pain that is not relieved by ibuprofen;
temperature above 39.0°C;
vomiting, diarrhea;
decrease in blood pressure;
nosebleeds;
bronchospasm;
causeless hematomas;
rash on the body;
transfer to mild form measles, rubella, mumps.

If such symptoms appear, parents should give the child any antihistamine and immediately call the emergency room.

The first vaccination is given at 1 year of age, and a normal reaction to it may include minor whims, refusal to eat, slight redness of the throat, and sometimes problems falling asleep. However, it must be done precisely during this period, since up to a year the child is protected by the mother’s antibodies, and at one year this source of protection dries up.

The next revaccination is carried out at 6 years. Even if the first vaccination was given later, the second one is still given according to the calendar at 6 years. How is the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine tolerated at 6 years of age? Almost the same. The child may experience irritation, a slight fever, and may refuse to eat. At 6 years of age, some other side effects are possible: bronchitis, otitis media, sore throat.

Moreover, such a reaction of the body to CCP is possible in a child if vaccination was carried out at 7 years old. The fact is that at this age children, as a rule, are very restless and it is usually not possible to provide them with a greenhouse regime for the recommended two weeks. The body, weakened by the formation of immune defense against measles, rubella, mumps, remains vulnerable to colds.

Possible complications

It must be taken into account that vaccination is carried out with a live vaccine that can cause manifestations of diseases. The component contains weakened viruses that should not cause disease.

Possible complications of the measles component may be as follows:

appetite worsens;
swelling and redness appear at the injection site, lasting up to a maximum of 7 days;
cough may last longer than a week;
nosebleeds;
temperature up to 38.5°C;
the rash appears first on the head, and then affects the limbs, then spreads to the body.

May also appear additional complications in 5-11 days:

damage to the central nervous system manifests itself as convulsions;
toxic reaction provokes high fever and can cause swollen lymph nodes, weakness, and redness in the throat;
The allergy manifests itself as a rash all over the body.

Reactions may also occur to other components. The first reactions may appear after 8-10 days and increase until the 14-16th day:

rhinitis;
increase in temperature for no longer than 2 days;
red throat;
manifestation of mumps - enlargement of the parotid salivary glands for 3 days;
short-term increase in temperature.

Consequences from the mumps component are very rare. They are expressed:

short-term allergic rashes;
symptoms of meningitis - weakness, cramps, nausea, headache;
toxic intoxication can occur between 8 and 14 days, causing a sharp deterioration in health.

Rules of conduct after vaccination

Immediately after vaccination, especially the first one (or if a new vaccine is used), you need to sit in the clinic for about 20 minutes and observe the child’s behavior. In the future, to help the child survive this difficult period, doctors recommend:

give the baby more warm drink;
do not introduce new foods into the diet so that the allergic reaction does not overlap with side effects;
make sure that the baby does not come into contact with a large number of people, among whom there may well be virus carriers (do not visit public places, do not walk on playgrounds with a large number of children);
Avoid both hypothermia and overheating.

Many people are interested in some questions:

Is it possible to bathe a child after a measles, mumps, rubella vaccination? From the second day - you can. On the first day, you should not wet the grafting site, much less rub it with a washcloth, but later water does not affect the development of the process. However, it is best to wash your baby in the shower for up to three weeks to prevent hypothermia.
Is it possible to go for a walk after the measles-rubella-mumps vaccination? Walking with your child, especially in good weather, is not only possible, but also necessary. You just need to avoid crowded places.
Is it possible to go to kindergarten after receiving the measles-rubella-mumps vaccination? Doctors may differ on this issue. Some people advise staying home for 22 days if possible, because the reaction may take up to 21 days to appear. Some doctors believe that staying at home for 5 days does not make sense anymore. And some do not consider vaccination a serious reason not to go to kindergarten at all. In general, when resolving this issue, parents should focus on specific factors: the time of year, whether there is an infection in the kindergarten, whether there is anyone to look after the child.

The well-known pediatrician of our time, Dr. Komarovsky, unconditionally advocates all vaccinations on schedule. At the same time, he emphasizes that you can minimize the consequences of vaccination by simply adhering to doctors’ recommendations on the timing of vaccination. Measles − dangerous disease which can lead to the death of the child. Before the vaccine was available, about 1% of children died from measles.

What to do if side effects occur

So, we figured out how children tolerate it. Now let's look at how to deal with side effects after vaccination.

Temperature after vaccination measles rubella mumps

If there is low-grade fever After a child is vaccinated against measles, nothing needs to be done. This is quite ordinary common reaction, which does not even require the use of antipyretics. Fever may appear on the 5th day after vaccination. If the temperature reaches 38°C, the child should be given an antipyretic based on paracetamol. For small children you can use antipyretic syrups or suppositories, for older children - tablets. If the high temperature lasts longer than two days, you need to call a doctor.

Rash reaction after vaccination measles rubella mumps

In order not to confuse a rash from vaccination with an allergy, you should refrain from introducing new foods into your diet for three weeks after vaccination. The rash from the vaccine is small, Pink colour and appears mainly on the neck, behind the ears, on the face or on the back. This is also a normal, non-contagious reaction of the body. You can relieve the itching that occurs with antihistamines.

If after the first vaccination it appears severe rash, you should be tested for allergies to vaccine components. If sensitivity to the components of the drug is confirmed, revaccination is canceled.

Respiratory effects of vaccination measles rubella mumps

Sometimes a child may develop respiratory consequences after vaccination:

redness of the throat;
slight runny nose;
mild cough;
headache.

This is also a normal state that does not require drug treatment. However, parents need to give their children more warm drinks. If these phenomena are strong enough, it is possible to carry out symptomatic treatment: make inhalations, drip into the nose.

Is it possible to get measles after vaccination?

Measles vaccination is essentially an artificial infection with a virus, but an extremely weakened one. About 10% of children from the 6th to the 20th day after the vaccine may feel the mild reactions described above for two to three days, after which everything goes away. That is, the child suffers from measles, but in a very mild form.

During this period, the child is absolutely not contagious and no one can become infected from him. That is, even if the child is covered in a rash and has low temperature After vaccination, no one can become infected from it, either at home or in the children's group. The chances of repeating do not exceed 0.5-1%.

Thinking about vaccinating your child MMR vaccination or not, we must take into account that back in 1980, when universal vaccination was not introduced in the world, according to rough estimates, more than 2 and a half million people died from measles. Between 2000 and 2015, universal vaccination prevented 20.3 million deaths worldwide. After the introduction of vaccination, the global mortality rate from this dangerous disease decreased by 79%.

Endless vaccinations in childhood are an opportunity to avoid many serious diseases in a later period. When immunization is carried out directly against three dangerous infections, you can save time and avoid another emotional stress associated with this unpleasant procedure. The measles, rubella and mumps vaccine is a type of injection. It is easy to do, but few people think about how it is tolerated and how many side effects it has until they encounter it in real life. What are the possible reactions to the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine and how can you prepare for the upcoming vaccination? Let's find out everything about her.

Why are measles, rubella and mumps dangerous? You can become infected with the diseases for which this vaccine is intended even before birth. It happens that intrauterine infection occurs when the outcome is unpredictable for the mother and the unborn child. What other dangers can babies expect when encountering these viruses, besides severe symptoms?

If a pregnant woman becomes infected with rubella or measles or comes into contact with a sick person, this can result in the death of the fetus and numerous malformations of the child - myopia, heart defects, deafness and impaired physical development of the baby.
Mumps is not only characterized by inflammation of the parotid and salivary glands, it often leads to inflammation of the brain and testicles (orchitis), which sometimes causes infertility.
Rare complications of mumps include pancreatitis, arthritis, and nephritis.
Measles weakens the immune system, which can result in numerous and dangerous bacterial complications.
Measles also leads to diseases of internal organs: hepatitis, tracheobronchitis, panencephalitis (inflammatory process of all membranes of the brain).

The immunity that babies receive from their mother at birth is unstable and lasts only a few months. Therefore, every child needs vaccination against such infections to protect him at any age.

Vaccination schedule and location of vaccine administration. In most cases, vaccinations against measles, rubella, and mumps are combined against these three diseases, but there are also single vaccines. The measles, rubella, and mumps vaccination schedule is as follows.

Babies are first exposed to a three-component vaccine at 12 months. This is the optimal period for administering the drug, when you need to protect the child, because encountering infections before the age of five is considered the most dangerous. But a single administration of the vaccine does not provide full protection to the baby against infections, and in some cases protects the child by only a few percent.
Revaccination against measles, rubella, mumps is carried out at 6 years of age. Repeated use of the vaccine at this age provides more than 90% complete immune protection that lasts for decades.

There is no exact data on how long the vaccine protects a person against measles, mumps and rubella. It can last for 10–25 years, depending on the characteristics of the body and the susceptibility of the vaccine.

What to do if the vaccination schedule is violated or if the child did not receive immunoprophylaxis against these infections in a timely manner?

If vaccination is postponed for a long time due to contraindications, it is done as close to the schedule as possible. In this case, the interval between the administration of the vaccine and revaccination should be at least 4 years.
In some cases, when there is emergency indications vaccination is done using mono-vaccines. Revaccination can be carried out by prescribing a complex three-component vaccine, but not earlier than a year later.

If a vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps virus is prescribed, where is it given?

The vaccination dose of the combined vaccine, which is 0.5 ml of the drug, is injected subcutaneously under the shoulder blade or into the outer surface of the right shoulder (the conventional border between the middle and lower third).

How do children tolerate the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine? A child’s immunity at different years of life may react differently to the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine. This is explained by the maturation of all body systems and the fact that in case of revaccination the drug is re-administered.

How is the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine tolerated at 1 year of age? Often children react to vaccination with a condition resembling a mild viral infection. This may appear:

runny nose;
headache;
weakness with sleep and appetite disturbances;
redness of the throat;
the appearance of a rash;
slight increase in temperature.

Local reactions include hyperemia (redness) and swelling of the tissue at the site where the vaccine was administered.

How is the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine tolerated at 6 years of age? - the manifestations are still the same as at 1 year. In addition, sometimes allergic reactions occur in the form of a rash at the injection site or throughout the body. On top of that, bacterial complications occur in the form of bronchitis, sore throat, otitis, which is often the result of improper behavior before or after vaccination. There are also specific symptoms for vaccination. They do not apply to all components of the polyvaccine, but to its specific components.

Reactions and complications to the measles component of the vaccine. Some conditions after vaccination should not be paid attention to; many of them are a completely natural reaction of the body to the introduction of protective antibodies. But forewarned means forearmed. It is much easier to cope with the consequences of vaccination when you have heard about them.

The measles, rubella, mumps vaccine has the greatest reactogenicity due to its measles component. It is important to remember that vaccines with a measles component are live. Is a child contagious after vaccination with measles, rubella, and mumps? There is no need to be afraid of it; it contains significantly weakened viruses that normally do not lead to the development of infection. The body's reactions in children to the measles component of the vaccine are as follows:

local reactions in the form of tissue swelling and redness sometimes persist for one to two days;
Among the common ones, the appearance of cough after vaccination is measles, rubella, mumps, which can appear on days 6–11, like other reactions;
appetite may decrease;
in rare cases, nosebleeds appear;
temperature increase from slight (37.2 °C) to severe (more than 38.5 °C);
rashes after vaccination measles, rubella, mumps in rare cases resemble active development measles infection, which is typical immediately on the head, and then on the torso and limbs.

a severe toxic reaction that lasts no more than five days with an increase in temperature of at least 38.5 ° C, rash, pain and redness of the throat, weakness, enlarged lymph nodes;
there are cases of involvement of the central part in the inflammatory process nervous system with the development of seizures and the appearance of symptoms of post-vaccination encephalitis (inflammation of the brain);
An allergy to a vaccine containing protection against measles, rubella, mumps is characterized by various rashes on the body, angioedema occurs in severe cases, anaphylactic shock.

The body's reaction to the component of the mumps vaccine. Vaccination containing protective antibodies against mumps, is easily tolerated, despite the fact that it is also a live attenuated vaccine. All reactions appear more often after 8 days and reach a maximum on days 14–16. Sometimes observed:

slight enlargement of the parotid salivary glands for one to three days;
redness of the throat, rhinitis;
short-term rise in temperature.

How long does the temperature last? - no more than two days.

Unlike complications of antibodies against measles, the consequences of the mumps component are less pronounced and rare.

Toxic reactions that appear on days 8–14 with an increase in temperature and sharp deterioration well-being.
Damage to the nervous system with symptoms of meningitis (headaches, weakness, convulsions, nausea, vomiting).
Allergic reactions are possible. They are observed rarely, in most cases in children with frequent allergies to food, medications, and preservatives.

Possible reactions to rubella protection. Prevention of rubella in a multicomponent vaccine is represented by live weakened virus cells. In children, reactions are rare and are not severe in nature.

Enlarged lymph nodes after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps and redness of the injection site.
A slight increase in temperature for one, maximum two days.
Very rarely, arthralgia or the appearance of pain in the joint area occurs with little stress and at rest.

If, after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps, a rash appears in the form of small roseola (small reddish spots) or purple spots, this is a complication of the rubella component.

How to cope with the consequences of vaccination? Reactions in the form of redness and swelling are normal. This creates an inflammation with a large number of blood cells at the injection site, making the immune response faster and more effective. Even if the reaction lasts for two days, there is no need to panic. Conventional anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and antipyretic drugs will help cope with such symptoms. If significant complications occur after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. In some cases, more serious medications, medical supervision, or hospitalization will be needed.

Contraindications for vaccination: measles, rubella, mumps Not everyone is eligible for the use of medications that protect against these infections. In all cases, contraindications can be divided into permanent and temporary.

Permanent contraindications to vaccination:

severe reaction or severe complication to the administration of a previous vaccine;
any conditions or diseases accompanied by sharp decline immunity: AIDS, malignant blood diseases, oncological processes;
vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is contraindicated if a person is allergic to aminoglycosides and egg whites.

Temporary contraindications to vaccination:

chemotherapy that suppresses the immune system;
exacerbation of chronic diseases or ARVI;
administration of immunoglobulin or blood components, then the vaccination is done no earlier than three months later.

How to behave before vaccination? How can I help my child tolerate vaccination more easily? It is easier to prepare for this unpleasant procedure than to deal with many complications later.

In the morning before vaccination, the child should be examined for his general well-being and thermometry should be taken.
Show the child to the doctor. A little advice Moms: no need to stand in line with your child at the clinic! It’s better that while mom is standing in line to see the doctor, let dad or grandma walk with him on the street at this time to avoid contact with infected children.
Based on the indications, the doctor may refer you for general tests.
Children with damage to the nervous system need special preparation for the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccination. If a child has a chronic disease of the nervous system, before vaccination it is better to additionally consult with a neurologist who can prescribe anticonvulsants.
Children with chronic diseases vaccinated during a period of stable remission. If the child is forced to constantly take medications for treatment chronic illness- vaccination against these infections is done as part of the main treatment.
The day before, you should not visit places with large crowds of people, especially during the development of acute infectious diseases.

What should you not do after vaccination? In order not to confuse vaccination complications with other similar conditions, you need to be on guard even after immunization.

For 30 minutes after vaccination, remain under the supervision of health workers and do not go far from the clinic.
Is it possible to bathe a child after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps? - yes, it’s possible. But it is better to take a shower on the day of vaccination without a long swim or rubbing the injection site with a sponge.
You cannot eat unfamiliar foods or introduce new exotic dishes to avoid allergies.
Is it possible to go for a walk after being vaccinated against measles, rubella, and mumps? If the weather is good outside and the child falls asleep better, walks cannot be canceled. You need to avoid playgrounds and walks in crowded places so as not to become infected with ARVI, which is sometimes mistakenly mistaken for a complication of vaccination.

It is important to stock up on the necessary medications in advance and discuss the possible consequences of vaccination with your doctor.

Types of vaccines used. There is no domestic three-component vaccine for measles, rubella and mumps. Now in clinics there is only a two-component version with protection against measles and mumps, which is a certain inconvenience, because you will have to do another additional injection against rubella. But in terms of portability they are not inferior to foreign ones. Among the imported vaccines against measles, rubella, mumps, the following have been successfully used for many years:

MMR against measles, mumps and rubella, which is produced by a joint American-Dutch company;
Belgian Priorix;
English "Ervevax".

Vaccinations made with imported vaccines are much more convenient. The protection of each against measles, rubella and mumps is not inferior to its Russian counterpart. But unlike domestic vaccines, you will have to pay for imported ones yourself, and they cost a lot. Another disadvantage is the need to search for a foreign vaccine. You will have to take care of this in advance. You need to order it or look for it in other medical institutions, while not forgetting about the conditions of transportation and storage of the drug. Which vaccine to prefer is the choice of the people who will be vaccinated.

Do I need to get the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine? Without exaggeration, we can say that this is one of the most important vaccines against infections in our time. It is easier to deal with the side effects of the measles, infectious rubella and mumps vaccine than to correct the numerous complications of diseases caused by these viruses!

Measles, rubella and mumps are infectious diseases, which are traditionally considered children's. This definition is due to the fact that children of preschool and junior school age suffer from these infections much more often than adults.

You can only get measles, rubella and mumps once in your life. There is no cure for these infections, and after illness, immunity is developed for life. Sometimes these facts about childhood infections lead parents to think that vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is a useless exercise: there is nothing wrong with getting one of these infections, so why give extra vaccinations? In fact, the infections themselves are not as scary as the possible consequences and complications after them. Let's look at how measles, rubella and mumps occur, what complications are possible after them, and what are the rules for vaccination against these infections.

Measles

This is an infection that you can catch by airborne droplets. The radius of spread of the measles virus is quite large, so when one sick person appears in a children's group, almost all children in contact with him become ill.

At first, measles manifests itself as an ordinary respiratory viral infection: the child’s temperature rises (up to 39 degrees), a cough appears, a runny nose, and the mucous membrane of the eyes may become inflamed. A couple of days after the onset of the disease, the child develops a rash. The characteristic rash of measles is white dots that first appear on the face and then spread throughout the body. Over the course of a week, the disease progresses: the temperature persists, the rash becomes larger and larger, and then it subsides, the temperature and rash recede, and the remaining spots from the rash disappear on their own in 3-4 days.

Children under one year of age practically do not get measles because they receive maternal antibodies to this infection. In most cases, measles is easily tolerated in childhood, but can cause complications such as otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear), pneumonia (pneumonia), and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). If an adult gets measles (and this is possible if he was not vaccinated and did not get sick in childhood), the disease will be severe, and the risks of complications increase significantly.

Rubella

This infection is also considered a “children’s” infection, and children can get rubella in a very mild form, and ultimately not even know accurate diagnosis, because the mild symptoms the forms of the disease do not differ from ordinary ARVI. The main symptoms are high fever, headache, general malaise; in more severe cases, lymph nodes may enlarge and appear small rash on the face and body (which can easily be mistaken for a drug allergy).

In children, complications from rubella are extremely rare: encephalitis develops in approximately one case out of 1000. For adults, rubella is no longer so harmless. Adults suffer from the disease very hard and the risks of complications increase significantly. Rubella is especially dangerous for pregnant women: during pregnancy, this infection can cause severe pathologies in the fetus. It is in order to prevent such problems in the future that the rubella vaccine should be given in childhood.

Mumps or mumps

Mumps is also transmitted by airborne droplets, but its virus does not spread as easily or quickly as the measles virus, so it is more difficult to become infected with mumps. Main hallmark This disease is an inflammation of the salivary glands under the jaw and behind the ears. Because of this inflammation, the face seems to swell, hence the name “mumps,” and the sick person acute period painful to chew and swallow. In addition to inflammation of the salivary glands, mumps is also characterized by known symptoms viral infection: high temperature, malaise.

Possible complications after mumps: pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), meningitis or meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the membranes or tissues of the brain). The most dangerous complications"pig" gives on reproductive system: in boys it is inflammation of the testicles (orchitis), and in girls it is damage to the ovaries (oophoritis). The severity of these complications varies, sometimes even leading to infertility. Vaccinations can help protect your child from these health risks.

Note to moms!

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Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps

Before getting vaccinated, read the article on how to prepare your child for vaccination - rules, tips and recommendations —

According to the vaccination calendar ( see the vaccination calendar for children under 1 year of age in Russia — ), the first vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is carried out according to the following schedule:

first vaccination – at 1 year
revaccination – after 6 years.

If vaccinations were not done on time, then they are given after 13 years.

Typically, vaccination consists of two vaccines: double for measles and mumps and separate for rubella. In clinics, all vaccinations for children are free and already purchased vaccines are used: first - Russian production, the second is Indian.

If parents want to reduce the number of injections or trust imported vaccine manufacturers more, they can buy and supply an imported triple vaccine (MMP-II, Priorix). True, in the case of vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps, it turns out that domestic vaccines are better tolerated and less likely to cause allergies, because quail protein is used as one of the components, and chicken protein is used in foreign ones.

Vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps can be given on the same day as any other vaccinations except BCG. In some cases, vaccination against these infections will have to be abandoned. Contraindications to vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps are:

immunodeficiency states
presence in the past of strong allergic reactions(especially for chicken protein)

It is worth temporarily postponing vaccination if the child has recently had a blood transfusion. Vaccination is postponed for 3 months.

After vaccination

The measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine usually does not cause a reaction in your child. Maximum - the injection site swells and turns red a little, there may be slight pain in this place.

In cases where a reaction does appear, it may not appear immediately, but after 1-2 weeks. The child may develop a fever ( read the article: ) and suddenly signs of ARVI appear (runny nose, cough, swollen lymph nodes). Sometimes symptoms of an allergic reaction appear.

To prevent complications from vaccination, you can give your child an antiallergic drug in advance. Unpleasant sensations are relieved with painkillers, all other signs of complications are also removed symptomatically (antipyretic for fever, nasal drops for a runny nose).

In general, vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps are considered the “easiest” for a child, while they protect him in the future from serious problems with health, therefore, refusing vaccination due to the belief that vaccinations are harmful is not reasonable. Timely vaccination against seemingly harmless childhood infections, carried out in accordance with all the rules, will not cause any harm and will only help maintain health.

Encyclopedia of a young mother. Vaccinations:

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Rubella, mumps and measles - affect a person by penetrating into the upper Airways. The probability of infection upon contact with the virus is more than 85%! Diseases are accompanied high temperature, high probability fatal outcome. Therefore, it is very important to choose the right vaccination and revaccination if necessary. And now in more detail.

What kind of diseases: measles, rubella, mumps

A group of airborne diseases in adults and children causes inflammation of the mucous membranes and is accompanied by elevated body temperature, both in adults and adolescents. The viruses have a similar environment and belong to the Rubulavirus genus. They have an RNA based molecule. Such genomes do not have DNA.

Three seemingly different pathogens are closely related.

Measles– (lat. morbilli) infection with a high threshold of susceptibility (about 100%). Frequent symptoms: characteristic rash on the body, temperature up to 40 ° C, conjunctivitis, inflammation in the mouth, throat, trachea. There is no medicine. The molecule dies outside human body. Calls side diseases. Dangerous for humans at any age. Children aged 2 to 5 years are most susceptible to exposure.

Treatment for measles mainly involves reducing fever and accompanying symptoms as much as possible. Recovered patients receive stable immunity that will last a lifetime.

Rubella- (lat. rubella) epidemic viral infection. Without additional pathogens not scary. At intrauterine infection causes defects and serious deviations. Mothers who have been ill with rubella in the first trimester expose the fetus to dangerous effects of the genome. It is written into the RNA chain.

For a child after birth, the disease is mild and develops strong immunity to re-infection.

Mumps– (lat. parotitis epidemica) is popularly known as pig. It affects the glands of the body (pancreas, salivary, testes). Minor residents from 3 to 15 years of age are susceptible. Infected citizens develop lifelong resistance to the pathogen. Complications: meningitis, pancreatitis, arthritis. The consequences of severe form are testicular atrophy, infertility, deafness, diabetes.

The incubation period for this group depends on the modification of the molecules. Symptoms appear 8–15 days after infection.

Do I need to get vaccinated and at what age?

The injection includes three strains, that is, a small dose of living cells is injected into the human body to develop immunity. The body perceives the drug as potential threat and develops protection. It is important not to overdo it with the dosage - it is necessary to administer the medications exactly as indicated in the instructions.

Unvaccinated people have an 85% chance of becoming infected, and the risk of complications increases by 50% with age.

What parents should know:

vaccination reduces the incidence rate;
prevents the progression of the disease in severe form;
there is no cure for the pathogens themselves, the symptoms are treated (the temperature is reduced, the rash is removed, tumors are operated on);
a genus of Rubulavirus molecules transmitted from animals (in particular, measles modified plague virus cattle), humans do not have innate immunity.

What vaccinations are there for mumps, measles and rubella?

In Russia they use a combination vaccine. It is the most effective and multifunctional. Entered into at different ages and depends on the degree of risk and local factors. The type of drug is developed on the basis of weakened pathogens.

Over decades of research, scientists have selected typed genomes that help the body develop immunity, and any type of injection is safe and effective.

Multicomponent – the injection is given for one disease. For example, for measles, only weakened morbilli molecules are administered. Disadvantages - they are administered in three doses for each disease, in different parts of the body.
Two-component - placed in combination with a one-component, combinations can be different (for example, mumps - measles).
Three-component – the most productive. Contains three types of genome. Entered at one time.

Drugs also differ by country of origin. In Russia, only a dicomponent preparation based on Japanese quail eggs is produced. In terms of efficiency, it is on the same level as imported manufacturers. Developed for the prevention of mumps and rubella.

Measles Mumps-Rubella (MMR-II) - developed by US virologists. In Russia it is widely used to prevent diseases of the entire group of genomes. After 12–18 months, a person maintains a stable antibody titer. Contraindications: increased sensitivity to poultry protein and neomycin.

Belgium markets two drugs: Priorix and Ervivax. The first is multi-component, the second is from rubella.

Prevention of rubella

This is the only disease found in humans. The molecules do not affect other types of fauna. Infected person considered a source of infection 2–3 weeks after the onset of symptoms. It is safe for children and adults and does not cause serious consequences, but poses a threat to the unborn human being in the womb.

The greatest danger comes from " congenital rubella“A person with this syndrome spreads the virus throughout his life. To eradicate this type of infection, vaccination is used for girls aged 13–15 years and women aged 18–40 years (childbearing age). At this time, antibodies have increased resistance to the source of the disease.

When and where to take the drug for rubella

Children aged 12 – 18 months should be vaccinated. Revaccination is carried out at 6 years of age - to build immunity and the effectiveness of antibodies. If the virus was not produced during the first injection sufficient quantity immune cells, then a repeated injection activates the body.

The effect of the drug lasts on average 10 years, therefore, next procedure prophylaxis is prescribed for 12–15 years. The time for antibody production depends on the individual’s susceptibility. There are people who, after the first try, acquire a protective barrier for life. There are patients who do not produce antibodies, so prophylaxis is useless for them. The risk of infection is high.

Boys and men can use the drug according to at will up to 40 years old. The stronger sex needs to take care of a friend who is pregnant new life. An infectious husband poses a danger to the little creature.

Women childbearing age should remember the possibility of acquiring the disease during pregnancy. Since rubella leads to pathological abnormalities of the embryo, it is important to think about the baby’s health in advance (for example, when planning a pregnancy).

Everything in Russia mandatory vaccinations are done for free.

The place where rubella molecules are injected is outer part shoulder, intravenously or intramuscularly. It is not recommended to place it in the buttocks, since this part of the body has a high layer of fiber. The presence of fatty tissue leads to non-conductivity of the drug.

Before immunization, it is recommended to undergo preparation: chronic pathologies You should consult a specialist and monitor the condition of the diseased organ. Allergies and neuroses present in a citizen are supposed to be identified in advance and undergo a course of treatment. After the onset of remission of pathologies, prevent infection.

Before prophylaxis, an adult must be tested for the presence of antibodies. The presence of the latter indicates good immunity; in this case, it is not recommended to install the strain.

After administration of the drug, it is advised to minimize contacts with the surrounding society (someone may be a carrier of a different genome, which, in a weakened state, can lead to severe consequences). The danger is posed by patients in the clinic where the manipulation is performed. Those present may be infected with airborne infections. It is better to go outside after the injection or wait in a ventilated area. Doctors advise staying near a medical facility for 30 to 50 minutes after the preventive action.

Consequences

Undesirable symptoms after genome injection are elevated temperature, weakness in the body, redness around the wound. Such reactions of the body system are quite normal and do not go beyond what is permitted. Symptoms appear in 20% of citizens.

Severe forms include: body temperature about 40 ° C, rash, convulsions (rarely). All symptoms are treatable and do not pose a threat. Because the body fights and produces antibodies. Basically, 80% of citizens do not experience discomfort and prevention is asymptomatic.

About 2% of citizens are susceptible to the negative influence of molecules. This is the formation of persistent diseases: allergies to the components of the drug, convulsions, meningitis, deafness.

Doctors before going to vaccination room are obliged to carry out comprehensive examination patient.

Contraindications:

allergy to the components of the drug (neomycin, poultry protein);
secondary or primary immunodeficiency;
treatment for cancer;
lactation;
pregnancy.

Preventing measles

Measles is the most dangerous disease among the genomes presented. Negative influence Children under 5 years of age are susceptible to infection and the consequences of the disease can be dangerous. To prevent severe form do preventive vaccination- This the only way protect yourself and your child.

When and where to take the drug for measles

the first introduction of the strain is carried out at 12–15 months, which allows the newborn’s body to produce antibodies;
revaccination is done at 6 years, anti bodies reach greater efficiency, the risk is reduced acute form course of the disease;
repeated prophylaxis is done if necessary up to 40 years of age (upon contact with an infected person).

The duration of the drug is up to 25 years. Usually placed in childhood. The injection is made in the area of the shoulder blade, in Russia - under the shoulder blade. Dose for 15 - 30 kilograms - 0.5 ml.

The combination of words " Live nature"terrifies many parents. Facts suggest that the effect of the virus on an organism without immunity is worse and more dangerous than after the introduction of weakened genomes.

After administering the drug, it is recommended to spend about an hour on fresh air near the clinic. Limit contact with others for 2–3 weeks. Monitor the condition of the body.

Consequences

According to the type, the symptoms of complications are divided into two types. The first ones - defensive reaction organs of the body to a foreign microorganism, the second - dangerous form requiring immediate hospitalization. In 90% of citizens, preventive manipulation is mild or asymptomatic.

Don't worry if:

a small rash appeared on the body;
the temperature rose a couple of degrees;
slight swelling appeared;
feeling of weakness.

You should contact a specialist if:

frequent and prolonged convulsions appeared;
the temperature reached 40 degrees or above;
nausea, vomiting.

Dangerous symptoms:

increased heart rate;
a person is suffocating;
bloody discharge (vomiting, diarrhea);
elevated temperature;
sensitivity to light;
swelling of the larynx and enlarged lymph nodes;
profuse rash, accompanied by other abnormalities.

Prevention of mumps

The infection, compared to other diseases from the genome of the Rubulavirus family, is not dangerous. It proceeds easily and without complications. In rare cases, cerebral edema may occur. More often complications occur in boys adolescence– testicular atrophy, which leads to infertility. Encephalitis and pancreatitis occur.

Prevention is the only way to reduce the risk of complications.

When and where to take the drug for mumps

The first dose of living molecules is administered to the baby at 12 months. Revaccination is carried out after 5 years. Later manipulations are not recommended.

A vaccinated resident of the country can count on immunity throughout his life. The injection is placed in the patient's shoulder or under the shoulder blade.

It is recommended to stay near the hospital for the required 30–50 minutes after the procedure.

Contraindications:

oncology, tuberculosis, HIV infection;
chronic diseases during exacerbation;
allergy to the components of the drug (poultry protein and neomycin);
pregnancy.

Consequences

In medical practice and in studies of infection, after immunization, the consequences are mild: fever, swelling, slight weakness.

The considered family of RNA molecules allows preventive actions simultaneously. Before going to the clinic, you should follow all the recommendations (they are similar to each other). The effects can vary and appear on the body at the same time. It is important to monitor the child for three weeks after the injection and record symptoms.