The most powerful antibiotic in injections. New generation broad-spectrum antibiotics - list, description, application

This is a group of natural or semi-synthetic organic matter, capable of destroying microbes or suppressing their reproduction. On this moment there are many known various types antibiotics endowed various properties. Knowledge of these properties is the basis proper treatment antibiotics. Individual qualities and the action of an antibiotic mainly depends on its chemical structure. In this article we will talk about the most well-known groups of antibiotics, show the mechanism of their work, their spectrum of action, and the possibilities of use for the treatment of various infections.

Antibiotic groups
Antibiotics are substances of natural or semi-synthetic origin. Antibiotics are obtained by extracting them from colonies of fungi, bacteria, plant or animal tissues. In some cases, the original molecule is subjected to additional chemical modifications in order to improve certain properties of the antibiotic (semi-synthetic antibiotics).

At the moment, there are a huge number of different antibiotics. True, only a few of them are used in medicine; others, due to increased toxicity, cannot be used to treat infectious diseases in humans. The extreme diversity of antibiotics led to the creation of a classification and division of antibiotics into groups. At the same time, antibiotics with similar chemical structure(originating from the same raw material molecule) and action.

Below we will look at the main groups of currently known antibiotics:
Beta-lactam antibiotics
The group of beta-lactam antibiotics includes two large subgroups of well-known antibiotics: penicillins and cephalosporins, which have a similar chemical structure.

Penicillin group

Important and useful property penicillins is their ability to penetrate into the cells of our body. This property of penicillins makes it possible to treat infectious diseases, the causative agent of which is “hidden” inside the cells of our body (for example, gonorrhea). Antibiotics from the penicillin group have increased selectivity and therefore have virtually no effect on the body of the person receiving treatment.

The disadvantages of penicillins include their rapid elimination from the body and the development of bacterial resistance to this class of antibiotics.

Biosynthetic penicillins are obtained directly from mold colonies. The most well-known biosynthetic penicillins are benzylpenicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin. These antibiotics are used to treat sore throat, scarlet fever, pneumonia, wound infections, gonorrhea, syphilis.

Semi-synthetic penicillins are obtained on the basis of biosynthetic penicillins by adding various chemical groups. At the moment, there are a large number of semi-synthetic penicillins: amoxicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, azlocillin.

An important advantage of some antibiotics from the group of semisynthetic penicillins is their activity against penicillin-resistant bacteria (bacteria that destroy biosynthetic penicillins). Thanks to this, semisynthetic penicillins have a wider spectrum of action and therefore can be used in the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.

Basic adverse reactions associated with the use of penicillins are allergic nature and are sometimes the reason for refusing to use these drugs.

Group of cephalosporins

Cephalosporins are highly active against a wide range of different microbes and are therefore used in the treatment of many infectious diseases. An important advantage of antibiotics from the cephalosporin group is their activity against microbes resistant to penicillin (penicillin-resistant bacteria).

There are several generations of cephalosporins:
First generation cephalosporins(Cefalothin, Cephalexin, Cefazolin) are active against a large number of bacteria and are used to treat various infections respiratory tract, urinary system, for the prevention of postoperative complications. Antibiotics of this group are usually well tolerated and do not cause serious adverse reactions.

II generation cephalosporins(Cefomandol, Cefuroxime) have high activity against bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore can be used to treat various intestinal infections. These antibiotics are also used to treat respiratory and biliary tract infections. The main adverse reactions are associated with allergies and malfunctions gastrointestinal tract.

Cephalosporins III generation (Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone) new drugs with high activity against a wide range of bacteria. The advantage of these drugs is their activity against bacteria insensitive to the action of other cephalosporins or penicillins and the ability long delay in organism. These antibiotics are used to treat severe infections that cannot be treated with other antibiotics. Side effects of this group of antibiotics are associated with a disturbance in the composition of the intestinal microflora or the occurrence of allergic reactions.

Antibiotics from the macrolide group

The effect of macrolide antibiotics on bacteria is bacteriostatic - antibiotics block bacterial structures that synthesize proteins, as a result of which microbes lose the ability to reproduce and grow.

Macrolides are active against many bacteria, but the most remarkable property macrolides, perhaps, is their ability to penetrate inside the cells of our body and destroy microbes that do not have a cell wall. These microbes include chlamydia and rickettsia - the causative agents of atypical pneumonia, urogenital chlamydia and other diseases that cannot be treated with other antibiotics.

Another important feature macrolides is their relative safety and the possibility of long-term treatment, although modern programs Treatments using macrolides involve ultra-short courses lasting three days.

Antibiotics from the tetracycline group

Despite their relative safety, with long-term use tetracyclines can cause severe side effects: hepatitis, damage to the skeleton and teeth (tetracyclines are contraindicated in children under 14 years of age), malformations (contraindicated for use during pregnancy), allergies.

Wide Application received ointments containing tetracycline. Used for local treatment bacterial infections of the skin and mucous membranes.

Antibiotics from the aminoglycoside group

Aminoglycosides are used to treat severe infectious processes associated with massive spread of infection: sepsis (blood poisoning), peritonitis. Aminoglycosides are also used for local treatment of wounds and burns.

The main disadvantage of aminoglycosides is their high toxicity. Antibiotics from this group have nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), hepatotoxicity (liver damage), ototoxicity (can cause deafness). For this reason, aminoglycosides should be used only for life-saving indications, when they are the only treatment option and cannot be replaced by other drugs.

Levomycetin

Antifungal antibiotics

The most famous representatives of this group are the antibiotics Nystatin, Natamycin, Levorin. The use of these drugs in our time is noticeably limited due to low efficiency and high frequency occurrence of side effects. Antifungal antibiotics are gradually being replaced by highly effective synthetic ones antifungal drugs.

Bibliography:

1. I.M. Abdullin Antibiotics in clinical practice, Salamat, 1997


2. Katsunga B.G Basic and clinical pharmacology, Binom; St. Petersburg: Nev. Dialect, 2000.

Today, the cheapest antibiotics are penicillin series. Unfortunately, most bacteria have already developed resistance to them. Therefore, it is advisable to use antibacterial drugs with complex composition and action. Let's consider the most effective and at the same time inexpensive antibiotics for colds, which are available in any pharmacy chain.

When to take antibiotics

Use antibacterial drugs on initial stages disease is not necessary. It is worth including them in therapy if the cold persists, and associated symptoms are getting worse. For example:

• the temperature rises sharply;
• pain in the throat and ears increases;
• there is constant chills;
• lymph nodes enlarge;
• cough gets worse
• shortness of breath and difficulty breathing appeared.

Without paying attention to such symptoms, you can develop complications in the form of pneumonia, sore throat or bronchitis. In such a situation, the use of antibiotics is a necessary measure.

It is also worth noting that antibiotics themselves do not harm the body. Negative consequences Their uncontrolled use, chaotic change of one drug to another and non-compliance with the instructions for use are harmful to health.

List of antibiotics

For a cold bacterial origin One of the drugs described below may be prescribed.

• Ampicillin(price from 20 to 55 rubles). A semi-synthetic antibiotic with bactericidal action, containing ampicillin trihydrate, ampicillin and ampicillin sodium salt. Prescribed in the form of intravenous or intramuscular injections or tablets for mixed infectious diseases: sore throat, tonsillitis, peritonitis, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea. Ampicillin is contraindicated in children under 1 year of age; pregnant and lactating women; persons with renal or liver failure; in case of individual intolerance to the components in the composition.
• Bicillin-3(from 10 rubles) . The bactericidal drug is available in powder form for injection solution. Contains benzathine benzylpenicillin (bicillin-1), benzathine benzylpenicillin, sodium benzylpenicillin and benzylpenicillin novocaine salt(bicillin-3), benzathine benzylpenicillin and benzylpenicillin novocaine salt (bicillin-5). Indications include tonsillitis, colds, and pneumonia. Asthma and intolerance to individual components in the composition are noted as contraindications. The drug is approved for adults and children of any age.
• Cefazolin(from 14 rubles). Prescribed for diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, colds and some ENT diseases in the form of intravenous or intramuscular injections. Allowed for adults and children over one month old. Contraindications include: renal and liver failure; pregnancy and period breastfeeding; hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
• 
  Amoxicillin(from 65 to 115 rubles). Today it is considered the best semi-synthetic drug for colds of bacterial origin. Prescribed in the form of injections and pills. Not recommended for use by people with diathesis of allergic origin, asthma, colitis. Use with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Treatment with Amoxicillin must be continued after the cold symptoms disappear - for at least two days in a row.
• Amosin(from 32 rubles). A powerful bactericidal drug, available in pill form. Prescribed for colds, pneumonia, sore throat, otitis media. Contraindications duplicate the previous remedy.
• Cephalexin(from 53 rubles). Antibiotic from the cephalosporin series. Prescribed for bronchitis, pneumonia, lung abscess, sore throat, pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis. Indicated for adults and children over six years of age. Available in several forms - tablets, suspension and powder for injection. Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity, colitis, pregnancy and breastfeeding. The drug is especially effective in cases where there is resistance to penicillin or ampicillin treatment had to be interrupted.
• Erythromycin(from 70 rubles). A drug of the macrolide class with antibacterial action. Contains erythromycin. Available in the form of pills and powder for injections, which are approved for use by adults and children from birth. Prescribed for atypical pneumonia and various types of respiratory tract infections. Taking the drug is prohibited during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and liver disease. The main advantage of Erythromycin is its effectiveness against bacteria resistant to the penicillin series.
• Sultasin(from 60 rubles). A drug combined action. Active substances- ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium. Available in powder form for making a solution for intramuscular injections. The remedy can be prescribed for pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, lung abscess, meningitis, sinusitis and otitis media. Contraindications - intolerance to components; mononucleosis; liver diseases. Gives results against bacterial pathogens resistant to ampicillin.
• Ceftriaxone(from 18 rubles). Belongs to the group of third generation cephalosporins. Contains ceftriaxone sodium. Indications for use: chronic bronchitis, lung abscess, pneumonia. Contraindicated in case of sensitivity to cephalosporins, gastrointestinal diseases, kidney and liver diseases, colitis, pregnancy and feeding.
• Tsiprolet(from 44 rubles). A drug from the fluoroquinolone group. Contains ciprofloxacin and tinidazole. Release form: pills. Used when chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, sinusitis, sinusitis. Use is prohibited if you are sensitive to any of the components, have blood diseases, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or are under 18 years of age.
• Azithromycin(price 100-150 rubles). Macrolide with antibacterial action. Available in powder form white. It is used for diseases such as tonsillitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis. Use is prohibited for liver and kidney problems, pregnancy and breastfeeding. The product is easy to use - one dose per day is enough.
• Ormax(from 350 rubles). Inexpensive suspension wide range actions. Belongs to a number of macrolides. The composition contains azithromycin (in the form of dihydrate). Can be prescribed for pharyngitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia. Prohibited for use when hypersensitivity to the component and children weighing less than five kilograms.
• Cefuroxime(from 350 rubles). A second generation antibiotic, which is prescribed by doctors for exacerbation of bronchitis, inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract, tonsillitis, furunculosis, pneumonia, urethritis. Not recommended for gastrointestinal diseases and kidney diseases. Has a lot side effects: drowsiness, chills, headache, hearing loss.
• Augmentin(price at the pharmacy - from 240 rubles) — modern bactericidal agent wide spectrum of action. Available in the form of pills and powder for making a suspension. In addition to amoxicillin (in the form of trihydrate), Augmentin also contains clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt). The drug is prescribed to both adults and children from the first day of life for sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia.
• Clarithromycin(from 250 to 470 rubles depending on the manufacturer). A macrolide antibiotic that inhibits the growth and development of bacteria. Used to treat diseases infectious nature: pharyngitis, sinusitis, bronchitis. Contraindicated in children under 12 years of age, with cardiac arrhythmia, or kidney disease.

How to take antibiotics for a cold

Follow these rules:

1. The course of treatment should include only one class of antibiotics.
2. If the temperature does not subside within two days, consider changing the drug.
3. Not recommended simultaneous administration antipyretics and bactericidal drugs, since the former reduce the effectiveness of the latter.
4. Even if the symptoms become less severe or disappear altogether, do not interrupt the course of treatment. The minimum course duration is at least 5 days.
5. Include antibiotics in your therapeutic regimen when absolutely necessary under the supervision of your attending physician, even if expensive drugs can cause a number of side effects: disruption of intestinal microflora, exacerbation chronic diseases Gastrointestinal tract, allergic reactions.

If you follow these simple rules, the treatment will pass successfully and without side effects.

It is worth noting that antibiotics are useless if used in the fight against viral disease. Virus and bacteria are different microorganisms with different structures. The use of antibacterial drugs for colds of viral rather than bacterial origin is absolutely pointless.

And antibacterial drugs are classified into narrow-spectrum drugs (they destroy only one type of bacteria) and broad-spectrum drugs (effective against most microorganisms at the same time).

Their mechanism of action is to block vital important functions causative agent of the disease. At the same time, the new generation of broad-spectrum antibiotics are designed in such a way as not to have a similar effect on the cells of the affected organ.

This selectivity of exposure is due to the fact that bacteria form cell walls, the structure of which differs from human ones. The active components of the drug contribute to the disruption of the integrity of bacterial cell walls without affecting cell membranes patient's organs.

Unlike drugs from the antiseptic group, the antibiotic has a proper therapeutic effect not only after external application, but also acts systemically after oral, intravenous, and intramuscular use.

New generation antibiotics are capable of:

• Affect the synthesis of cell walls by disrupting the production of vital peptide complexes.
• Impair the functioning and integrity of the cell membrane.
• Disturb the synthesis of protein necessary for the growth and functioning of the pathogenic pathogen.
• Suppress nucleic acid synthesis.

Based on the nature of their effect on bacterial cells, antibiotics are divided into:

• Bactericidal - the pathogen will die and will then be eliminated from the body.
• Bacteriostatic - the active component does not kill bacteria, but disrupts their ability to reproduce.

It is important to determine how active active substance medications against a particular pathogen pathological process. To do this you need to go through a series laboratory research prescribed by a doctor.

Features of the action of drugs

The advantages of broad-spectrum antibiotics are due to their ability to destroy most pathogenic pathogens.

Medicines in this group include tetracycline and cephalosporin drugs, aminopenicillins, aminoglycosides, as well as drugs from the group of macrolides and carbapenems.

New generations of drugs are less toxic and the risk of developing unwanted side effects is much lower.

Antibiotics broad action are distinguished by their ability to effectively combat complicated colds, inflammatory processes affecting the area of ​​ENT organs, lymph nodes, genitourinary system, skin etc.

List of new generation antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action

If we consider new generation antibiotics, the list looks like this:

When third and fourth generation cephalosporins are ineffective, as is the case with infectious diseases, provoked by the influence of anaerobes and enterobacteria, patients are advised to take carbopenems: Ertpenem and Meropenem (these are a kind of reserve drugs).

Use of penicillins It is advisable for infections of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and genitourinary systems, and skin. Only the third generation has a wide spectrum of activity, which includes: "Ampicillin", "Amoxicillin", "Ampioks" and "Bacampicillin".

The described drugs are not intended for self-medication. If you detect the first signs of the disease, you should consult a doctor for advice and select a suitable, integrated scheme therapy.

Narrowly targeted strong antibiotics

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are active against a few types of bacteria.

These medications include the following groups:

• Macrolides based on erythromycin, triacetyoleandomycin, oleandomycin.
• Cephalosporins based on cefazolin, cephalexin, cephaloridine.
• Penicillins.
• Streptomycins.
• Reserve antibacterial drugs that act on gram-positive pathogens that are resistant to penicillins. In this case, the doctor may recommend the use of semi-synthetic penicillins: ampicillin, carbenicillin, dicloxacillin.
• Various other drugs based on rifampicin, lincomycin, fusidine.

Broad-spectrum drugs for bronchitis

For bronchitis, a new generation of antibiotics is used, since laboratory tests can take several days, and treatment is recommended to begin as soon as possible.

During complex therapy the following may be prescribed:

There is no such thing as the best antibiotic, since each product has its own extensive list pharmacological properties, indications and contraindications, possible adverse reactions and recommendations for use, as well as drug interactions.

The selection of an antibacterial drug is carried out only by a qualified, experienced specialist who will take into account the nature of the origin of the disease, individual characteristics the patient's body, his age, weight, accompanying illnesses. Read more about treating bronchitis with antibiotics.

Treatment of pneumonia

When treating pneumonia, new generation antibiotics from the group are used:

• Cephalosporins: Natsef, Tseklor, Maxipim, Liforan, Cephabol, Tamycin, etc.
• Combined fluoroquinolones: Tsiprolet A.
• Quinolonov: Glevo, Tavanik, Zanotsin, Abaktal, Tsiprolet, Tsifran.
• Combined penicillins: Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Panclave.

The described drugs can be used before obtaining the results of laboratory tests, for pneumonia without specifying the causative agent.

Therapy for sinusitis

The structure of cephalosporins and macrolides is similar to penicillin drugs, but they have the ability to inhibit development and completely destroy pathogenic microorganisms.

Additionally, anticongestants, antiseptics, and secretolytics can be prescribed.

• At severe course Macrolides are used for diseases: Macropen and Azithromycin.
• The use of combined fluoroquinolones based on tinidazole and ciprofloxacin (Tsiprolet A) may also be recommended.

Treatment of sore throat

Complex treatment acute tonsillitis(angina) involves the use of antiseptics, local anesthetics, and antibacterial agents.

Antibiotics for systemic exposure are:

• Cephalosporin drugs based on cefixime (Pancef) and cefuroxime (Zinnat).

  Previously, treatment was carried out mainly with penicillins. IN modern medicine preference is given to new generation cephalosporins because they demonstrate greater efficiency in the treatment of bacterial infections affecting the nasopharynx.
  

• Combined fluoroquinolones based on ciprofloxacin in combination with tinidazole (Tsiprolet A).
• Multicomponent penicillin drugs: Panclave, Amoxiclav.
• Medicines from the group of macrolides based on azithromycin ( Azitral, Sumamox). They are one of the safest antibiotics, since they practically do not provoke unwanted side reactions from the gastrointestinal tract, as well as toxic effects on the central nervous system.

Colds and flu

If there is a confirmed need for antibiotics during the treatment of colds, the doctor prescribes:

Even drugs with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity do not affect the vital activity of viruses, so their use is not advisable in the complex therapy of measles, rubella, viral hepatitis, herpes, chickenpox, as well as influenza.

Infections of the genitourinary system: cystitis, pyelonephritis

• Unidox Solutab is a convenient drug to use: once a day.
• Norbactin is recommended to be used twice a day; the drug has a list of contraindications and side effects.
• Monural is an antibiotic in powder form for internal reception. It is a long-acting drug that promotes quick elimination pathogenic microorganisms.

Before obtaining the results of laboratory tests for pyelonephritis, they begin with the use of fluoroquinlones (Glevo, Abaktal, Tsiprobid), V further treatment may be adjusted. Cephalosporins and aminoglycosides may also be prescribed.

Antifungal drugs in tablet form

Taking into account large quantity For various types of fungal infections, the doctor prescribes one or another antibiotic based on the results of a comprehensive examination.

The drug of choice may be:

• Medicines that belong to the 1st generation based on nystatin.
• Antibiotics of the 2nd generation, which are used for infections of the genitourinary system. Among them: Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole, and Miconazole.
• Among 3rd generation drugs, the use of Fluconazole, Anthraconazole, Terbinafine.

4th generation drugs include Caspofungin, Ravuconazole and Posaconazole.

Antibiotics for diseases of the organs of vision

For bacterial keratitis and chlamydial conjunctivitis, it is advisable to use Maxaquin, a drug for systemic therapy.

Among the antibiotics for local application may be assigned Vitabact, Tobrex, Okacin.

Let's summarize

Antibiotics are powerful substances of natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic origin that help suppress the growth and activity of pathogenic microorganisms.

List of new generation broad-spectrum antibiotics and their use

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No other drug provides this therapeutic effect like antibiotics. Until in medical practice the first antibiotic did not appear, diseases such as dysentery were considered incurable, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, pneumonia.

What kind of drug is this, and what are its benefits? These are substances of semi-synthetic or biological origin that actively destroy a variety of pathogens. Molds (cephalosporium, penicillium) act as natural producers of antibiotics; actinomycetes (streptomycin, tetracycline); bacteria, such as gramicidin; higher plants are phytoncides.

New generation antibiotics: what makes them unique?

Antibiotics of the latest generation are universal medicines that allow you to overcome many colds, viral, infectious and other diseases. What is their versatility? The fact is that these are stronger antibiotics in comparison with similar predecessors. Besides the fact that bacteria have not yet had time to adapt to this generation, the funds differ in other indicators:

• the drugs are safer, the number of side effects is minimized;
• convenient appointment schedule. If first generation antibacterial drugs were taken 3-4 times a day, then modern broad-spectrum antibiotics are limited to two doses or even one;
• variety of forms. Previously, the list of drugs was limited only to tablets and injections, and the range of the new generation has been added with innovative patches and effective syrups.

The classification of modern antibacterial drugs has been developed State center on antibiotics. All products are combined into certain groups, which differ from each other in their spectrum of action and characteristics.

By mechanism of action groups of antibiotics are divided into:

According to the spectrum of action :

• broad-spectrum antibiotics. They are especially effective for infectious diseases. Doctors prescribe this type to patients for whom the exact cause of the disease has not been established, since they actively destroy all types of pathogenic microorganisms;
• narrow-spectrum antibiotics, the action of which is aimed at destroying gram-positive bacteria - listeria, staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci and gram-negative pathogens - salmonella, proteus, coli, Legionella, Shigella. Narrowly targeted antibacterial drugs also include antifungal, antitumor, antituberculosis and drugs that affect protozoa.

By chemical composition drugs are classified into:

• penicillins were the first antibacterial drugs for drug treatment;
• macrolides are highly effective and the most safe means;
• cephalosporins - highly resistant to the destructive action of enzymes that secrete pathogenic bacteria;
• tetracyclines - most of them are prescribed for the treatment of the urinary and respiratory tract;
• fluoroquinolones are bactericidal low-toxic drugs;
• aminoglycosides are a type of antibacterial agent with a wide range of applications.

By generation the means differ from each other. Today there are already groups of 6th generation antibiotics. They are easy to use, highly effective, and safe for human body. The higher the generation, the wider the spectrum of action of the drugs. For example, if the first antibiotic was penicillin natural origin, That last generation The drug includes strong inhibitors that significantly increase its effectiveness and enhance its effect.

By method of application drugs exist:

Which antibiotics are the most powerful?

According to statistical data obtained from surveys of doctors and patients themselves, the following are among the strongest: broad spectrum antibiotics:

Rules for the use of antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics are drugs of artificial or natural origin and their effect is to suppress the growth or completely destroy fungi and bacteria. But in order for treatment with antibacterial agents to be as effective as possible, you should follow some rules:

In what cases are antibacterial agents not effective?

Drugs with antibacterial effect, appoint to combat bacterial bacilli. They will not bring benefits to the body in the following cases:

• there will be no relief if the drugs are taken at viral diseases, because the action of the drugs is aimed at destroying pathogenic bacteria;
• antibiotics are not painkillers and antipyretics, so they are not relevant in these areas;
• if the cause of inflammation is not bacterial infections, then taking antibacterial agents will be unnecessary;
• a disease caused by a virus cannot be cured with antibacterial medications.

A standard acute respiratory infection, ARVI develops as a result of the penetration of viruses into the body, but often against the background of a weakened immune system, a bacterial infection occurs; in such cases, antibiotics are prescribed for colds. If you choose the wrong drugs, you can only aggravate the situation - problems will arise. severe complications, allergies. Be careful.

Antibiotics are used to fight infection

When are antibiotics prescribed for a cold?

At common cold It makes no sense to take antibiotics, since the disease has viral origin, but often respiratory infections are complicated by bacterial pathologies - here you cannot do without antibiotics.

When to take antibiotics for a cold:

• 2–3 days after the onset of the disease, the patient’s condition does not improve, but only worsens;
• the runny nose gets worse, it is difficult to breathe through the nose, the discharge becomes yellow or green in color;
• after 4–5 days of acute respiratory infections, a deep cough appears with big amount sputum;
• the temperature rises sharply to 38 degrees or more.

At sharp increase fever, antibiotics are prescribed

Complicated cold - an exception to the rule, immunity healthy person able to cope with viruses in 7–10 days. The risk of developing pneumonia, sore throat, otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis is high in people whose protective forces weakened. Who is at risk? Young children, elderly people, people who have undergone organ transplantation, for a long time Patients with HIV and cancer take immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.

For a healthy adult, colds up to 6 times a year - normal phenomenon, in children this figure can reach 10 cases annually. When taken in a timely manner antiviral drugs recovery occurs within 7–10 days.

List of the best antibiotics for colds

If signs of a bacterial infection appear, or prescribe broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. After receiving the results of tests for the sensitivity of microorganisms to active component medications are prescribed that will act directly on the causative agents of the disease.

Antibiotics for colds in adults

For elimination bacterial complications for colds, antibacterial agents from the group of penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and lincosamides are used. Most medications can be purchased at a pharmacy without a prescription, but it is better to take potent medications as prescribed by a specialist.

Effective antibacterial drug, contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, belongs to penicillin group. Available in tablets, powder for suspensions and injections. Price – 270–370 rub.

The drug is prescribed if ENT complications, pneumonia, or bronchitis occur as a result of a cold.

Amoxiclav is an antibacterial drug

Contraindications:

• mononucleosis;
• a history of liver disease, cholestatic jaundice;
• lymphocytic leukemia

During pregnancy, the medicine is prescribed only if the expected therapeutic effect from treatment exceeds possible risks for woman and fetus. The medicine may cause the development of congenital necrotizing colitis in a newborn.

Treatment regimen

Duration of therapy is 5–14 days.

A cheap antibacterial agent of the penicillin series, produced in capsules, tablets, and in the form of a suspension. Price – 80–120 rub. The medicine helps with otolaryngological bacterial diseases, bronchitis, pneumonia.

Affordable antibacterial drug Amoxicillin

Contraindications:

• bronchial asthma, diathesis of allergic origin;
• liver dysfunction;
• dysbacteriosis;
• lactation, pregnancy;
• some forms of leukemia;
• mononucleosis.

The standard dosage is 500 mg every 8 hours. Duration of therapy is 6–10 days.

A powerful, but at the same time cheap antibiotic; the package contains only 3 tablets, which is enough for a complete recovery. The drug belongs to a separate group of azalides due to some structural features, effective against most strains of bacteria. Available in tablets, capsules, powder for suspension. Price – 120–220 rub.

Azithromycin is an effective antibiotic

Indications for use:

• tonsillitis, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx, paranasal sinuses;
• bronchitis;
• pneumonia;
• otitis media of the middle ear.

Dosage – 500 mg once a day 2 hours after meals, you should drink the medicine throughout three days, for angina, the course can be extended to 5 days. Contraindications – violation heart rate, serious illnesses kidneys and liver, lactation period. Pregnant women are sometimes prescribed the drug in a standard dosage, but they should drink it only under constant medical supervision.

Combined universal antibiotic, contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, and is sold in tablets, in the form of a suspension and powder for injections. Price – 260–370 rub.

The standard dosage is 250 mg three times a day, with running forms pathologies - 500 mg 3 times a day, or 875 mg in the morning and evening. Injections are given every 4–8 hours, 1000 mg, depending on the severity of the pathology. Duration of treatment is 7–14 days.

Augmentin is a combination antibiotic

The drug is intended to eliminate the manifestations of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, pathologies of the ENT organs of a bacterial nature. Contraindications – intolerance to components medicine, jaundice or history of liver dysfunction. Pregnant and lactating women are prescribed the drug in a standard dosage; treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist.

Inexpensive, but good antibiotic from the group of lincosamides, effective only against gram-positive bacteria, available in tablets, in the form of a solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection. Price – 110–180 rub.

The medicine is prescribed for inflammation of the lungs and middle ear, bronchitis, and sore throat. Contraindications – severe renal and liver pathologies, the period of bearing and breastfeeding a child.

Lincomycin belongs to the group of lincosamides

Intravenously and intramuscularly, 0.6 g is prescribed three times a day, with difficult cases the dosage is increased to 2.4 g. The oral dose is 1.5 g per day, divided into 3 doses. Duration of treatment is 1–2 weeks.

Lincomycin should not be taken simultaneously with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, otherwise breathing may stop.

An effective and gentle antibacterial agent of the penicillin series, it contains amoxicillin and is available in tablets with various dosages. Price – 230–480 rub.

Flemoxin Solutab is an effective and gentle antibiotic

The medicine helps eliminate bacterial infections in organs respiratory system, acute otitis media. Contraindications: lymphocytic leukemia, gastrointestinal and kidney diseases, pregnancy, breastfeeding.

The effect of the drug does not depend on food intake; the tablet can be swallowed whole, crushed, or dissolved in water.

How to take the medicine

At severe forms pathologies, the dosage of the drug is not increased, but it must be taken 3 times a day. The duration of treatment is no more than a week.

A strong antibiotic, belongs to group II cephalosporins, contains cefuroxime axetil, affects gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, is available in tablets and granules for suspension. Price – 230–400 rub.

The treatment regimen is 250 mg of the drug in the morning and evening; in severe forms of the disease, the single dosage can be increased to 500 mg. Course duration is 5–10 days.

Zinnat is a strong bactericidal agent

The medicine helps with infectious diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, sinusitis, and otitis media. The drug has no contraindications, except for individual intolerance; it is prescribed with caution to patients with pathologies digestive system, kidney. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the antibiotic can be taken in a standard dosage.

Expensive modern antibiotic, belongs to the third generation cephalosporins, contains cefixime, produced in capsules, granules for the preparation of a suspension, Suprax Solutab - tablets for resorption or dissolution in water. Price – 620–820 rub.

Medicine shows high efficiency in the treatment of pneumonia, tonsillopharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis and otitis media. The drug is contraindicated in chronic renal failure, a decrease in creatinine clearance to 60 ml/min, elderly people with a history of colitis should take the medicine with caution.

Suprax is a modern effective antibiotic

Dosage – 400 mg once a day, or 200 mg in the morning and evening; you can take the medicine regardless of meals. Duration of treatment is 1–2 weeks.

Cephalosporins are considered the safest antibiotics during pregnancy; Suprax can be taken in a standard dosage. The active substances of the medicine pass into breast milk, so drinking it is contraindicated during lactation.

Effective, one of the most effective antibiotics from the group of third generation macrolides, it destroys even those microbes that are in tissue cells and is produced in capsules and tablets. Price – 320–520 rub.

The average dose is 250 mg in the morning and evening for 6–14 days, in some cases the dosage can be increased to 1000 mg per day.

Clarithromycin is an effective drug for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections.

Clarithromycin is considered one of the the best drugs to eliminate complications of influenza and ARVI, it is prescribed for bronchitis, pneumonia, sore throat, bronchitis. Contraindications – lactation, individual intolerance; pregnant women can take the medicine from the second trimester. Clarithromycin has been successfully used to treat chronic forms tuberculosis.

List of antibiotics for children

Antibiotics are often prescribed to children during influenza epidemics. colds, since complications can arise quickly in a child, literally in a few hours.

List of the best children's antibiotics

To identify a bacterial infection in a child, it is enough to do clinical analysis blood, when affected by bacteria, the ESR and the number of leukocytes increase, active growth of band and segmented neutrophils is observed - the more severe the disease, the stronger leukocyte formula moves to the left.

Drinking or injecting an antibiotic – which is better?

When there is a bacterial infection, the question often arises: should I inject or take antibiotics? Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The injections act faster, penetrate immediately into the bloodstream, bypassing digestive tract, which reduces the risk of developing dysbacteriosis. But injection medications are quite painful, especially for children, there is a high probability of infection and abscesses.

The tablets are easy to take; most modern antibacterial agents need to be taken once a day. But they act slowly, because they must first dissolve in the intestines, and only then are absorbed into the blood.

According to the canons of safety that are accepted in world medicine, the injection method of administering antibiotics against colds is prescribed only in very severe cases, in a hospital.

Antibiotics help eliminate complications of influenza and colds of bacterial origin. You should choose a drug carefully, taking into account age and the presence of chronic diseases.