What foods can not be eaten with kidney disease. Chemical composition and calorie content of special dietary products and dishes recommended for use in low-protein diets

A therapeutic and properly designed diet for kidney disease is a prerequisite complex therapy diseases, since nutrition is aimed at eliminating disturbances in the processes of material metabolism. Diet for kidney disease should enhance the effect of prescribed medical preparations. It is developed taking into account the presence or absence of edema, hypertension, the level of protein in the urine and the ability of the kidneys to excrete protein metabolism products.

The consequence of any kidney disease are malfunctions of the body, appearing against the background of violations of the acid-base and water-electrolyte balances, as well as the accumulation of metabolic products in the blood. As a result, the patient develops edema, blood pressure increases and intoxication of the body is observed.

A diet for kidney disease is developed and prescribed by the attending physician, taking into account one constant rule: the intake of fats and proteins is limited to the maximum in the diet, carbohydrates become the basis of nutrition. A product such as salt during any diet with kidney disease is always banned, because it complicates the work of the kidneys, retaining fluid in our body.

Protein restriction. With kidney problems, the level of protein coming from the diet should be reduced. Protein metabolism in the body is accompanied by the formation of nitrogenous slags, which are very difficult for sick kidneys to remove from the body. Gradually, they begin to accumulate in the blood. But it is impossible to completely remove protein from the diet, because it is the most important component, the basis for our cells. In this case, limited consumption of boiled eggs, boiled or stewed meat and low-fat fish is recommended. In the case of chronic renal failure, it is recommended to consume 20-50 g of protein per day. The amount may vary depending on the weight of the patient and the stage of the disease.

At minor violations in the work of the kidneys, it is not necessary to limit the intake of protein foods. In this case, it is recommended to do unloading 1-2 days a week.

Fasting days for kidney disease. A fasting day is the use of one type of product for 24 hours. In case of kidney diseases of various kinds, carbohydrate fasting days are recommended (oatmeal, fruit (especially apple, watermelon), berry, juice, vegetable (especially cucumber)), which increase the level of urine excreted, improve the processes of excretion of protein metabolism products from the body. As a result, it decreases blood pressure weaken the manifestations of chronic renal failure.

During vegetable, fruit or berry unloading days you should eat during the day 1.5 kg of vegetables (any one), fruits or berries, their intake should be divided into five parts. Vegetables can be stewed, boiled or eaten fresh, in the form of salads (dressing - vegetable oil(a little), or low-fat sour cream).

Caloric content of the diet in kidney disease. The total caloric content of the diet per day should be 3500 kcal, no less (mainly carbohydrates and fats), otherwise the body will intensively spend the proteins available in the body, which is fraught with excessive formation of toxic metabolites and, as a result, an increase in the load on the kidneys. Eating should be regular and fractional (5-6 times a day in small portions).

Salt restriction. In serious cases, it is forbidden to use salt, including products containing it (smoked meats, sausages, marinades, canned food, cheeses, mineral water, cocoa, etc.). It is also better to buy special bread without salt, or bake it yourself. In case of minor violations, patients are allowed to add salt to dishes (no more than 2-3 g (half a teaspoon) is recommended per day).

Also, foods containing potassium and phosphorus should be excluded from your diet (bananas, dried fruits, cottage cheese (rarely allowed low-fat cottage cheese pudding or casserole), nuts, offal (liver, brains, kidneys)). It is also required to exclude meat, fish and mushroom broths, spicy and spicy dishes, onions and garlic, legumes, chocolate. Lenten soups on vegetable broth, pasta and cereals, rosehip broth, fresh, boiled and stewed vegetables, berries and fruits, butter and vegetable oil, weak tea and coffee are allowed. dairy products(curdled milk, kefir, sour cream), compotes and kissels.

Patients with nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis and chronic renal failure are recommended a strict diet (table No. 7).

With such a diet, it is allowed to use:

• Sweets - honey, sugar, jams, jams, but without enthusiasm.
• Cereals and pasta in limited quantities.
• Limited low-fat fish (boiled or baked).
• Fresh and boiled vegetables and herbs (cucumbers, potatoes, beets, tomatoes, cauliflower, carrots, lettuce, parsley, dill).
• Bread and flour products - bran white wheat bread (without salt).
• Fruits - fresh (especially watermelon) and boiled (mashed potatoes, jelly, mousses on starch).
• Lean (non-meat) non-salty soups (based on vegetables, pasta, cereals, use butter as a dressing).
• Drinks - weak tea, you can add milk, rosehip broth, blackcurrant (dilute half with water), fruit, vegetable and berry juices.
• Any meat during the first two weeks of treatment is limited, and then added in a small amount and boiled and not exclusively fatty varieties.
• Eggs - 1-2 eggs per day (soft-boiled, or scrambled eggs only from proteins).
• Milk and dairy products (limited fermented milk drinks, cottage cheese casseroles and puddings).

Prohibited Products:

• Legumes, onions, garlic, sorrel, mushrooms.
• Mineral water with sodium.
• Salt and products with its addition (including conservation).
• Chocolate, strong coffee, cocoa.
• Canned food.
• Meat, fish and mushroom broths.
• Sausages, smoked products, canned meat and fish, cheeses.
• Alcohol and products containing it.
• Plain bread, black bread.
• Fatty meats, fish, poultry

In other kidney diseases, there are no significant dietary restrictions, only a reduction in the use of salt, hot spices and spices, as well as alcoholic beverages is recommended.

Diet at urolithiasis. Nutrition in this case is selected taking into account the composition of the stones, after the study.

Oxalates. With oxalates, products containing oxalic acid are excluded - these include leafy plants (lettuce, sorrel, spinach), coffee, chocolate, cocoa. It also excludes the use of products with ascorbic acid(radishes, some varieties of apples (Antonovka), radishes, black currants, citrus fruits). Recommended food rich in vitamin B6, which is involved in the breakdown of oxalic acid. Such products include brown bread, oatmeal and buckwheat. It is also recommended to use eggplant, prunes, beans, pumpkins, cauliflower.

Urates. salt uric acid contribute to the formation of kidney stones acidic environment, hence the diet should be dominated by food that promotes alkalization of urine (honey, cereals, bread, dried fruits, potatoes). And canned food, fish and meat, sausages and various smoked meats, offal should be removed from the diet or limited to the maximum.

Phosphates. With a phosphate origin of stones, urine should be acidified. Here it is useful to eat meat and fish dishes, vegetables and milk soups, berry and fruit juices (compotes), milk and sour-milk products should be excluded.

Kidney stones can also have a different composition, which is much less common. In any case, the diet is developed by the doctor individually together with a nutritionist. In the case when, urolithiasis is accompanied by severe pain in the kidneys, such a diet is an excellent prevention of the formation of new stones (stones) and helps to dissolve the removal of existing ones.

In cases of nephrolithiasis, strict diets lasting more than a month are contraindicated, since this is fraught with the formation of kidney stones of opposite composition. Such diets are strictly controlled by the attending physician.

Many kidney diseases, including pyelonephritis, require a soft diet with strict adherence to the specified diet. Even with the improvement of the condition, it is necessary to follow the intended course. Therefore, try to prepare meals in advance, take them to work, and not snack in dubious establishments, breaking the diet.

Weekly diet menu option for kidney disease: 1 day.

Breakfast – rice porrige on low-fat milk, low-fat cottage cheese with raisins, a cup of tea with a spoonful of honey;
Lunch- cottage cheese pudding, rosehip broth;
Dinner- vegetable soup, 200 g of boiled lean meat, 200 ml of compote;
Dinner – steam cutlets minced fish, cottage cheese casserole with pasta, 200 ml low-fat milk;
Second dinner- 200 ml fat-free kefir.

Breakfast- buckwheat porridge with milk, carrot cutlets, tea with a spoonful of honey;
Lunch- boiled fish and mashed potatoes;
Dinner- lean borscht, boiled lean meat, apple compote;
Dinner- meat casserole, a serving of sweet cottage cheese, a cup of tea with the addition of milk;
Second dinner- 200 ml of homemade curdled milk.

Breakfast- vinaigrette, boiled fish, cottage cheese with sour cream, 200 ml of vegetable or fruit juice;
Lunch- cottage cheese casserole;
Dinner- vermicelli soup with milk, rice with boiled veal, cherry compote;
Dinner- potato casserole, oatmeal with the addition of fruits or berries;
Second dinner- 200 ml of homemade yogurt;

Breakfast- milk rice porridge, cheese with raisins, a cup of tea;
Lunch- cottage cheese casserole;
Dinner- vegetarian soup with vegetables, boiled meat (200 g) with buckwheat porridge, apple compote;
Dinner- steamed fish cakes, pasta casserole, 200 ml of milk;
Second dinner- 200 ml of kefir;

Breakfast- boiled rice with vegetables, cottage cheese with sour cream, fruit compote or juice;
Lunch- cottage cheese, kefir with sugar;
Dinner- vegetable soup with the addition and a piece of boiled chicken meat, or veal meat, apple compote;
Dinner- rice-curd casserole, rosehip broth;
Second dinner- 100 g of dried fruits (prunes, dried apricots, raisins);

Breakfast- buckwheat milk porridge, boiled beets, rosehip broth;
Lunch- mashed potatoes with boiled fish;
Dinner– vegetarian borscht, boiled meat, fruit juice;
Dinner- meat casserole, tea with honey;
Second dinner- a glass of kefir;

Breakfast- a portion of semolina porridge, a cup of tea;
Second breakfast - vinaigrette, milk oatmeal with fruit, a cup of milk;
Dinner – potato soup, a piece of boiled veal, fruit jelly;
Dinner- cottage cheese casserole, apple pancakes, compote;
Second dinner- 200 ml of kefir or yogurt.

Nutrition in kidney disease is no less important than the treatment process itself and is the main part of it. In the human body, the function of the kidneys, as the main filter, is aimed at cleaning and removing excess fluid, salts, and toxins from the blood. The main task of the kidneys is to provide optimal composition internal environment human body.

Every minute, about one liter of blood is filtered through the kidneys, which is almost five times the weight of the kidneys! Within six hours, the entire blood volume of the human body passes one cycle of filtration through the kidneys. In one day, the kidneys filter about one and a half thousand liters of blood. Obviously, the daily load on the kidneys is quite large and this process is not interrupted throughout a person's life. Few think about important function kidneys. And cleaning the blood of unnecessary components is not their only function. Adrenal hormones perform the regulatory function of the activity of the central nervous system and the mood and mood of a person depends on the amount of these hormones. It is these hormones that determine the susceptibility to stress and the readiness of the body to deal with them. It is clear that the kidneys important organ in the body, the general condition of a person depends on their condition. Modern medical statistics indicates kidney disease in every tenth inhabitant of our planet. These sad statistics are the result of malnutrition, the use of low-quality drinking water, the modern way of life of man. How to avoid such statistics and what is necessary for kidney health?

First of all, start proper nutrition with kidney disease, which excludes harmful foods, alcohol, carbonated drinks from the diet. In general, the appointment diet food, which will be effective in each specific case, is possible only after a complete examination of the patient and the diagnosis by a specialist. The general complaint of "pulling or pain in the lower back" is not a basis for prescribing a diet. Careful examination of all symptoms and laboratory tests. It is very important to determine the violation of the nitrogen excretion function of the kidneys. It is this moment that is usually decisive in the appointment of nutrition for kidney disease. In case of violation of the nitrogen-excreting function of the kidneys, the minimum amount of proteins is provided in the diet - the consumption of meat, fish, eggs, and fatty foods is limited. The use of dairy products is also limited, but small amounts of low-fat cottage cheese and kefir are allowed. The main diet for kidney disease is fresh vegetables and fruits, berries, herbs, dried fruits, fruit juices. At the same time, the cooking technology should preserve vitamins and fiber in fruits and vegetables as much as possible. It is best to cook vegetable dishes in a double boiler, minimally frying them and heat treatment. It is recommended to eat vegetables with diuretic properties, such as watermelon, melons, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumbers. Starchy vegetables are allowed in very small amounts.

Numerous scientific studies of various therapeutic diets for kidney diseases come down to a single statement - the use of salt in kidney diseases is not allowed, and to improve taste diet meals the use of lemon juice or wine vinegar is allowed. Also excluded: alcoholic beverages, coffee, tea, salty foods, chocolate and cocoa, spicy and spicy dishes.

Nutrition for kidney disease with inflammatory processes without violations of the excretory function can be prescribed with the usual content of protein products, but with minimal salt intake. Protein products in such a diet are lean meat and fish, low-fat dairy products. The consumption of dairy products a large number of calcium and potassium. Carbohydrates in such a diet are presented in the form of vegetables and all kinds of cereals.

The amount of liquid used is approximately two liters. Be sure to include fruit compotes and juices in the diet. Dried fruits in the form of raisins, prunes, dried apricots, figs are quite nutritious and provide the body with potassium. If the patient's condition allows, perhaps the appointment of a watermelon, pumpkin or orange diet by the attending physician.

Another common kidney disease nowadays is kidney stones. As a rule, stone formation in the kidneys begins as a result of metabolic disorders in the body. In case of exacerbations and attacks of stone formation, strong pain. Helps prevent stone formation balanced diet nutrition and drinking regimen. The appointment of dietary nutrition for kidney disease must be entrusted to a specialist. For determining correct diagnosis require laboratory tests, ultrasound. Nutrition for kidney disease, namely, with the formation of stones, provides for a limited intake of carbohydrates containing oxalic acid. Products such as legumes, beets, peas, sorrel, rhubarb, parsley, spinach, chocolate and cocoa must be excluded from the patient's diet. Nutritionists recommend eating foods that effectively remove oxalic acid from the body, thereby preventing kidney stones. From fruits, you can use quince, pears, apples, dogwood, grapes. It will be useful to use dairy products - milk, kefir, lean meat and fish, fresh vegetable salads from cabbage, carrots, cucumbers and mushrooms. The main condition for preventing the formation of kidney stones can be called rational balanced diet. It is necessary to abandon fast food, the use of alcoholic beverages, carbonated drinks. In general, to exclude a large and integral part bad habits modern man. The body will surely thank you with a healthy, full life!

It is not superfluous to recall that nutrition in kidney disease should be discussed with a competent specialist.

Diet 7 for Kidney Disease

Diet 7 for kidney disease consists in a sharp restriction of the use of extractive substances, in order to minimize the irritating effect on the kidneys and increase the excretion of metabolic products, while at the same time providing an anti-inflammatory effect. Diet 7 for kidney disease in its diet is balanced, complete, with a proportional content of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and fats. At the same time, the consumption of proteins is somewhat limited, and the rate of consumption of carbohydrates and fats is approximately within the physiological needs of the patient. The technology for preparing dietary dishes does not provide for the use of salt. The patient receives salt in an amount of not more than 5 grams separately and consumes it without mixing with other dishes. With dietary nutrition, fluid intake is permissible within the range of up to one liter. The use of sweet carbonated drinks is excluded. Avoid eating foods that contain essential oils and oxalic acid. Dishes for diet food are best cooked in a double boiler or simply boiled. The chemical composition of the therapeutic diet 7 for kidney disease for one day is 70 grams of protein, 60% of them are animals, 85 grams of fat, 25% of them are vegetable, 350 grams of carbohydrates, about 85 grams of which are sugars. The energy value of Diet 7 for kidney disease is approximately 2550-2600 calories. The drinking regimen is one liter of liquid.

Diet 7 for kidney disease involves the maximum variety of dishes with a full content of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and vitamins. Be sure to use products with lyotropic properties, for example, fermented milk products, cottage cheese, kefir, milk. But the use of fatty cream and sour cream is best to limit. To improve the taste of prepared dishes, it is recommended to use dried dill, cumin, cinnamon, paprika, lemon juice or citric acid. Total salt intake is 5 grams per day, while salt is not used for cooking main dishes, but is consumed separately.

Diet 7 for kidney disease provides for fractional nutrition, namely, dividing the daily diet into equal 5-6 parts, with the same time interval between meals.

What foods should be excluded from the diet for kidney disease? First of all, the use of any carbonated drinks, whether it be mineral water or sugary drinks, is excluded. In general, this recommendation applies not only to therapeutic diets, but also to the usual daily diet. The use of legumes, for example, beans, peas, is also limited. Dishes based on any broths that contain extractives are excluded from the diet for kidney disease, and it does not matter what the broth is based on. Dishes with great content salts - various pickles, all kinds of canned food, smoked meat and fish products. Also, sweet flour dishes, cakes, pastries, all kinds of desserts and oil-based creams should be generally excluded when prescribing a therapeutic diet for kidney disease.

Diet 7 for kidney disease therapeutic effect on the body, regulates the amount of protein and phosphorus and sodium intake. At the same time, the calorie content of the dishes consumed, and the frequency of meals, are of no small importance. Protein is a necessary component to maintain the viability of the body. However, as a result of metabolic processes in the body, waste products are formed in the form of toxins, for example, urea, creatinine. According to the chemical composition, such substances are nitrogenous and are excreted through the kidneys along with urine. The excretory and filtration functions of the kidneys during inflammatory processes are significantly inhibited, toxins are not removed from the body, which provokes toxic effect. For this reason, Diet 7 for Kidney Disease limits protein intake to maximum level physiological needs of the patient.

What can be consumed by the patient when diet 7 is prescribed for kidney disease? From bakery products, protein-free, bran, wheat bread is recommended for use, provided baking without salt. Of the first courses, you can only use those that are cooked without broths, based on vegetables, pasta or cereals, seasoned with butter and herbs. The consumption of meat and poultry at the beginning of treatment should be limited. A little later, you can eat boiled lean meat, a whole piece or chopped. Fish can be consumed lean, boiled or baked. The recommended number of eggs is limited to 2 pieces in the form of egg white omelettes or soft-boiled eggs. The use of milk and dairy products is possible in limited quantities. From vegetables, you can eat tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, beets, cauliflower, parsley, dill, carrots. Moreover, vegetables and herbs can be consumed both boiled and fresh. When dieting, the use of fruits and dishes from them is recommended, for example, watermelons, melons, jams, jams, fruit purees and mousses. The patient's drinking regimen can be diversified with weak tea with milk, unsaturated broth of blackcurrant or wild rose, vegetable or fruit juices diluted with pure water in a ratio of 1: 1.

Diet 7 for kidney disease with mandatory and strict implementation during the treatment course will contribute to the maximum effect of the treatment.

Protein-free diet for kidney disease

A protein-free diet for kidney disease will significantly improve the effectiveness of the treatment course in acute and chronic diseases. The low-calorie diet of this diet also contributes to a decrease in overall body weight. But the use of a protein-free diet as a weight loss technique cannot be called correct. Weight loss occurs to a greater extent due to a decrease in the level of fluid in the body. Long-term protein-restricted diets or combining a protein-free diet with active physical activity may cause serious loss of muscle tissue, which will be used to compensate for the protein deficiency.

A protein-free diet for kidney disease in terms of nutritional value does not exceed the daily allowance of 2200 calories. The energy value of the nutritional diet for each category of patients is individual. So, for bedridden patients, it is possible to reduce the energy value to 1800 calories. A protein-free diet involves reducing protein proteins to a minimum level, namely, up to 20 grams per day. At the same time, the main sources of protein proteins are products plant origin. Meat, poultry and fish should be consumed in very limited quantities, but it is better to exclude them altogether. Dairy products and eggs are also subject to complete exclusion from the patient's diet. The carbohydrate part of the protein-free diet menu is approximately 350 grams per day. Fats are recommended in an amount of no more than 80 grams daily.

In order to prevent kidney overload, the drinking regimen of a protein-free diet is limited to 450-500 grams of fluid daily.

The technology for preparing dishes of a protein-free diet consists in boiling, steaming, stewing, but not frying or baking in the oven. Meals should be as easily digestible as possible, without the use of salt.

Basic nutritious diet A protein-free diet for kidney disease can be represented by a small list of allowed foods and a fairly large list of restricted foods. Let's start with the list of allowed products. From bakery products you can salt-free bread. The use of dairy products is possible in minimum quantities and very limited. Vegetables can be consumed almost any and fresh and as ready meals. It is best to steam or boil vegetables; long-term stewing and frying of vegetable dishes is not allowed. From vegetables, you can cook various soups, mashed potatoes, vegetable side dishes and many other dishes. You can also use almost any fresh fruit and all kinds of dishes from them, for example, preserves, jams, puddings, fruit jellies and purees. From fats, vegetable oil can be used, and ideally, olive oil is better, of course. Now consider the list of restrictions. So, from the diet of a protein-free diet are completely excluded bakery products containing eggs and salt, gourds and legumes, seafood and fish of all kinds, meat and poultry. It is not recommended to use cottage cheese and cheeses, all kinds of cottage cheese and cheese desserts, any confectionery, cakes, pastries, chocolate and dishes from it, milk soups, first courses based on any broths. You can not eat salty foods and dishes, smoked meat and fish products, canned foods, seeds and nuts. The use of various margarines, refractory fats and oils, cooking mixtures for the preparation of dietary dishes is excluded.

As a rule, a protein-free diet lasts no more than ten days, during which bed rest must be observed and is not allowed. physical activity. The total daily amount of food should be consumed in equal parts five to six times a day. The diet and drinks of a protein-free diet are regulated by a specialist nutritionist in individually based on the analysis results and general condition sick. It would not be out of place to recall that the use of a protein-free diet to reduce excess body weight can cause protein starvation and other undesirable complications, so its appointment is carried out by a specialist if necessary. A protein-free diet significantly limits the nutritious diet, thereby helping to improve protein protein metabolism, but this process does not need to be delayed. A protein-free diet for kidney disease is used as an effective element of the treatment course for chronic glomerulonephritis with kidney failure, acute and severe forms.

Diet for chronic kidney disease

Typically, chronic kidney disease occurs as a result of long course pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, glomerulonephritis and arterial hypertension. The excretory function of the kidneys gradually decreases, toxins and slags accumulate in the body, which provoke the development of general weakness and a painful condition, headaches. The effectiveness of the course of treatment is significantly increased when the patient adheres to a diet with chronic disease kidneys.

The chronic kidney disease diet is primarily designed to limit protein intake and has several fundamental principles, which we will consider. So, salt and spices, chocolate and cocoa and various dishes, and desserts from them. The consumption of foods containing phosphorus and potassium is strictly limited. The amount of daily fluid intake is limited to 1.5 liters. The principle will be fractional nutrition- up to five times a day. The calorie content of the daily diet should be at least 3500 calories.

The process of metabolism of protein proteins contributes to the formation of urea and creatine, which, due to kidney disease, are not promptly excreted from the body. Limiting protein intake helps prevent possible intoxication body and reduce the burden on the kidneys. The diet for chronic kidney disease restricts daily allowance protein within 50 grams. The main source of protein, in this case, will be lean meat and poultry, low-fat cottage cheese and eggs. vegetable proteins, for example, soybeans, peas, beans are completely excluded. For a general idea of ​​the amount of protein in foods, one egg contains approximately 5 grams of protein. The same amount of protein is found in 200 grams of potatoes, 25 grams raw meat, 35 grams of cottage cheese or 20 grams of cheese.

In chronic kidney disease, the salt balance and as a result, salts accumulate in the body, causing swelling. Therefore, the diet for chronic kidney disease eliminates the use of salt. Preparing dietary meals without salt is the main principle of dietary nutrition in chronic kidney disease. Salt can be consumed in an amount of no more than 2 grams per day separately from the main dishes. At the same time, various vegetable pickles, marinades, meat and fish smoked meats, canned foods, as well as industrial bakery products containing eggs and salt are excluded from the diet. Excessive phosphorus content provokes an accelerated excretion of calcium from the body, it is for this reason that fish and fish products, seafood, cheeses, liver, legumes and nuts are excluded from the patient's diet. Maintaining an optimal balance of trace elements will ensure the restriction of the use of foods containing potassium, such as dates, tomatoes, mushrooms, dried apricots.

The diet for chronic kidney disease is high in calories and this is a very important point. This is due to the limited amount of protein proteins in it, and with a lack of calories, the body will begin to use muscle tissue to ensure its own vital activity. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the diet in this case will be zero. The calorie content of meals can be increased by carbohydrates, for example, in pasta, cereals, vegetable dishes, fruits and berries. From the diet it is necessary to exclude fish and meat broths and dishes based on them. It is recommended to use vegetable soups, mashed potatoes, steamed or boiled vegetable side dishes. From fats, vegetable and butter oils are recommended for use. From sweets and desserts, you can marmalade, marshmallows and marshmallows, jams and jams. It is very important to observe the principle of fractional nutrition, this will avoid excessive load on digestive system body and kidneys. The amount of fluid consumed in the initial stages of chronic kidney disease should be more than the desired amount and is approximately 1.8 liters. In the future, the amount of liquid must be reduced to 0.8 liters. In chronic kidney disease, watermelons and melons should be used very carefully, due to great content they have potassium. For minimal irritation unhealthy kidneys, diet meals are recommended to be seasoned with cinnamon, dried dill, lemon juice. At the same time, dishes are not subjected to prolonged heat treatment, as a rule, steaming, boiling or stewing is used. Otherwise, the technology for preparing meals for dietary nutrition in chronic kidney disease has the same principles and concept as in kidney disease in general.

Diet recipes for kidney disease

Any organ of the human body has periods of vigorous activity and periods of work with minimal intensity in its work. The kidneys are no exception. That is why, diet recipes for kidney disease must be calculated for consumption in the morning, up to about 13 hours. During this period of time, the most intensive work of the kidneys is noted.

Diet recipes for kidney disease during this period of time, as a rule, consist of the main dishes of the diet table, for example, the first breakfast may consist of oatmeal, low-fat cottage cheese, jam and sweet tea. The second breakfast may consist of an omelet, a small piece of lean meat or poultry, a small portion of buckwheat porridge, fruit juice. For lunch, vegetable puree soup or vegetarian borscht, boiled potatoes, boiled lean fish, fruit compote. In the afternoon, a snack in the form of dried fruits is possible - dried apricots, prunes, raisins and a glass of rosehip broth with honey. For dinner, you can eat one rice cake with raisins and jelly. An hour and a half before bedtime, you can drink one glass of fruit juice with vanilla crackers.

In the second half of the day, the activity of the kidneys gradually decreases and, therefore, during therapeutic nutrition, food should correspond as much as possible to physiological state kidneys at this time of day. It is best to consume vegetable and fruit juices, fruits fresh or in the form of dishes and desserts. In general, diet recipes for kidney disease basically contain the vast majority of vegetable and fruit dishes. We should not forget about exceptions, for example, radish, garlic, spinach, cauliflower, celery are excluded from the patient's diet. The first courses of the diet for kidney disease are presented in a fairly large variety of vegetable puree soups, cereal and pasta soups, which are prepared exclusively without meat or any other broths. Second courses can be prepared from lean meat, poultry, fish, for example, in the form of steam cutlets or meatballs, boiled meat. The main food in the diet for kidney disease can be called porridge, in any form. It can be rice, millet, oatmeal, wheat, with the addition of meat or fruits. Desserts and fruit purees are made from seasonal fruits. It can be fruit smoothies and jelly, kissels and puddings.

Diet menu for kidney disease

The diet menu for kidney diseases is compiled by a dietitian, according to the recommendations of the attending physician and depending on the general condition of the patient. As a rule, the diet menu for kidney diseases consists of light meals that contribute to the minimum burden on diseased kidneys and the digestive system. These are mainly vegetable dishes and dishes from various cereals.

The diet menu for kidney diseases for a week approximately consists of the following dishes:

• For breakfast - rice milk porridge, cheese with raisins, tea with honey;
• For the second breakfast - cottage cheese pudding, rosehip broth;
• For lunch - vegetable puree soup, boiled meat, compote;
• For dinner - steamed fish cakes, cottage cheese casserole with pasta, a glass of low-fat milk;
• Before going to bed - a glass of kefir;

• For breakfast - buckwheat porridge with milk, carrot cutlets, tea with honey;
• For the second breakfast - boiled fish and mashed potatoes;
• For lunch - vegetarian borscht, boiled poultry meat, apple compote;
• For dinner - meat casserole, cottage cheese with sugar, tea with milk;

• For breakfast - vinaigrette, boiled fish, cottage cheese with sour cream, a glass of tomato juice;
• For lunch - milk soup with vermicelli, rice with boiled veal, cherry compote;
• For dinner - potato casserole, oatmeal with fruit;
• Before going to bed - a glass of curdled milk;

• For breakfast - rice milk porridge, cheese with raisins, tea;
• For the second breakfast - cottage cheese casserole;
• For lunch - vegetable soup, boiled meat with buckwheat porridge, apple compote;
• For dinner - steam fish cutlets, pasta casserole, a glass of milk;
• Before going to bed - a glass of kefir;

• For breakfast - vegetable pilaf, cottage cheese with sour cream, fruit juice;
• For the second breakfast - cottage cheese, kefir with sugar;
• For lunch - vegetable soup with chicken, boiled veal, apple compote;
• For dinner - cottage cheese casserole with rice, rosehip broth;
• Before going to bed - prunes, dried apricots, raisins;

• For breakfast - buckwheat milk porridge, boiled beets, rosehip broth;
• For the second breakfast - mashed potatoes with boiled fish;
• For lunch - vegetarian borscht, boiled meat, fruit juice;
• For dinner - meat casserole, tea with honey;
• Before going to bed - a glass of kefir;

• For breakfast - milk porridge from semolina, tea;
• For the second breakfast - vinaigrette, oatmeal porridge with fruit, milk;
• For lunch - mashed potato soup, boiled meat, fruit jelly;
• For dinner - cottage cheese casserole, apple pancakes, compote;
• Before going to bed - a glass of kefir.

This diet menu for kidney diseases is advisory in nature and can be changed or supplemented by a dietitian.

Kidney disease is a very serious health problem that most people simply ignore. About ten percent of patients are exposed to the disease after drinking alcohol, overwork and severe cooling, an overdose of medicines and other important factors. According to statistics, many women suffer from kidney ailments, which is explained by the peculiarities anatomical structure organism.

One of the main questions that patients ask the specialists of our medical center is the question: what is allowed? Doctors will be able to answer this only after conducting numerous studies in order to accurately verify the diagnosis. Using modern equipment, doctors will be able to complete all procedures quickly enough. By reducing the time of examinations, it will be possible to start therapy sooner.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of kidney disease are:

Headache;

Back discomfort and nervousness;

Chills and blanching of the skin;

Lack of desire to eat anything;

Frequent desire to void bladder. When an infection occurs, it is necessary to consult a specialist in order to receive a timely prescription of therapy, which also includes a diet. Many people think that taking care of the correct diet is not an important point.

Proper Diet

As well as any disease, infection can harm the internal organs and the main metabolic process (metabolism - the accumulation and inability to renew blood). For every patient diagnosed with a disease, initial stage provides a list of what not to do with kidney disease. Partially ill patients are offered to limit some menu items and get rid of salt, various seasonings and spices, as well as alcohol.

Benefits in the diet are foods containing required amount carbohydrates, but proteins and fats in a small volume. For patients with a progressive disease, strict adherence to the diet is required (table No. 7). It is prescribed to patients with permanent kidney failure and glomerulonephritis.

Diet for glomerulonephritis

The general dietary rules are:

You need to eat in portions, at least five times a day. The portion size should be small, and the frequency of their intake is due to the replenishment of lost energy and immune support.

The amount of liquid should be up to one and a half liters daily, including soups and tea.

Following a certain diet.

It is strictly forbidden to add salt to dishes, so you should replace them with salt, vinegar, lemon juice and similar mild additives.

Meat is allowed to be consumed no more than twice a week, so plant foods are mainly eaten.

You should completely give up alcohol.

What is allowed from products for kidney disease?

Many people have the misconception that the diet involves only water and bread. However, this is not so because everything must be consumed, but in moderation! To quickly restore kidney function, doctors advise using following products:

Milk, cottage cheese and low-fat yogurt.

bran and White bread, as well as biscuits without salt content.

Soups from vegetables with the addition of pasta and cereals.

Lean food and vegetables.

Cooked meat.

Butter and vegetable oil without salt.

Tea, not strong tea leaves.

Kissel, honey, dried fruit compote.

Steamed cutlets and meatballs.

Forbidden foods for kidney disease

It is very important to understand that harmful substances are not able to be excreted, and some accumulate and lead to the destruction of the body. It is for this reason that they are excluded from the diet:

Mushrooms, fish and meat.

Soups based on broths.

Hot herbs and spices.

Garlic and onion.

Smoked products.

Chocolate and coffee.

Soybeans and legumes.

With any illness, you must remember that you can not go to extremes. To do this, the specialist will make you balanced menu, which allows some liberties. This method will make it possible to balance and increase the protective function of the body.

The kidneys play an important role in maintaining the body's water and salt balance, therefore, in case of kidney disease, it is recommended to limit salt and fluid intake. Doctors developed special diets suitable for treatment various diseases including kidney disease. Patients are prescribed treatment tables No. 6 and No. 7.

Grocery list

Diet food is quite strict, but necessary for full treatment. Patients suffering from stones or other kidney disease, it is strongly recommended to exclude the following foods from the menu: garlic, mushrooms, sorrel, beans, onions, salt, cocoa and coffee, dark chocolate, fatty fish, animal meat. It is worth reducing alcohol consumption to a minimum, removing various sausages, canned food, pastries and cottage cheese from the diet. In general, dairy products can be consumed, but a large amount of potassium and phosphorus in the body with this disease is also not necessary.

The list of prohibited foods is quite large, but the diversity of the diet should not suffer from this. You can eat: lean soups, vegetables, lean meats and fish, eggs. It is allowed to use sugar, honey, various jams, fruits and juices.

It is worth noting that such strict restrictions are imposed only on those who have kidney stones or kidney failure, the rest of the people should slightly adjust their daily diet and reduce the intake of salt in the body to 2 grams per day.

• Eat 3-5 times a day, at the same time;
• Eliminate light, random snacks between meals, such as tea with sweets, crackers, and the like;
• Reduce the serving size to 300 grams;
• Replace black tea with rosehip infusion with honey.

Sample menu for the day

1 nutritional option for illness:

• Breakfast: 1 egg, buckwheat porridge with butter;
• Lunch: toast with butter and honey, a glass of kefir;
• Lunch: ratatouille without spices, a slice of bread, chicken broth;
• Snack: baked fruits (apples, pears, peaches);
• Dinner: soup in fish broth with meatballs (from fish, respectively).

Before going to bed, you can drink a glass of kefir with dates or dried apricots.

2 nutritional options for illness:

• Breakfast: semolina, toast with butter and jam;
• Lunch: cheesecakes cooked in the oven, weak tea with lemon;
• Lunch: vegetable soup with sour cream, mashed potatoes with boiled chicken;
• Afternoon snack: yoghurt and fruit soufflé;
• Dinner: potato cutlets, winter salad without pickles and onions.

3 nutritional options for illness:

• Breakfast: omelet from 2 eggs, milk milk;
• Lunch: cottage cheese, toast with jam;
• Dinner: chicken soup with dumplings, vegetable salad;
• Afternoon snack: fruit salad;
• Dinner: red fish baked in the oven without salt, spices and oil, in foil.

Recipes suitable for a therapeutic diet

Vegetable Soup Ingredients:

• Potatoes, 3 pcs;
• Carrots, 1 pc;
• White cabbage, 100 grams;
• Brussels sprouts, 100 grams;
• Milk or cream.

Peel the vegetables, pour a liter of water into a saucepan, put the vegetables in there and cook them almost until they are completely cooked. Take them out, cut them up. You don’t need to pour out the broth, add chopped or mashed vegetables (in case of an acute or chronic illness, mashed vegetables are better), add a little milk or cream, cook until the vegetables are fully cooked.

vegetable soup with pearl barley, Ingredients:

• Milk, 1 glass;
• Vegetable broth, 700 ml;
• Potatoes, 3 pcs;
• Celery, 100 grams;
• Carrots, 1 pc;
• Pearl barley, 100 grams.

Peel the carrots and potatoes, put them in a pot of water, cook until the vegetables are almost ready. Take out the carrots and potatoes, add pearl barley when it is almost ready, chop the cooked vegetables and celery, toss them into the broth and barley. Pour in the milk (you can replace with low-fat cream if you like) and boil until the cereals and vegetables are fully cooked.

Vegetable soup is good to eat at lunchtime, it does not load the intestines and kidneys with work. The main thing to remember is that there is no need to salt and pepper anything, otherwise the whole beneficial effect will disappear, and kidney diseases will worsen.

Vegetarian borscht, ingredients:

• Water, 1 liter;
• Potatoes, 5 pcs;
• Carrots, 1 pc;
• Beets, 200 grams;
• Cabbage, 200 grams;
• Tomato, 1 pc;
• Butter, 25 grams;
• Greens, 20 grams.

Make a vegetable broth, for this, wash and peel the beets, carrots and potatoes, add them to the input, cook until almost ready. While the vegetables are cooking, finely chop 200 grams of white cabbage, pour boiling water over the tomato (so that the skin can be easily removed from it), peel and cut the tomato. When the broth is ready, take out the potatoes, beets and carrots.

Cut the vegetables, as for ordinary borscht, you can grate the beets, if possible. Add all the preparations to the broth, bring to a boil and put a piece of butter, reduce the heat to a minimum and let the soup simmer for another 5-10 minutes. Turn off the heat and leave the veggie borscht to infuse in a warm place for 2 hours. Before use, you can add a little lemon juice, greens and sour cream.

Fruit Soup Ingredients:

• Prunes, 50 grams;
• Dried apricots, 50 grams;
• Dates, 50 grams;
• Dried apples, 50 grams;
• Dried pears, 50 grams;
• Rice, 50 grams.

Add all dried fruits to the water and boil for 15 minutes. Separately, cook the rice, with the addition of a small amount of butter. Remove dried fruit from water and finely chop, mix with rice and add back to fruit water. Boil for another five minutes. You can add some honey, cream or even some jam.

Fruit soup should be used instead of dessert, you can replace one of the intermediate meals (lunch or afternoon snack), or you can supplement lunch. It tastes like compote.

Sweet Rice Soup Ingredients:

• Rice, 100 grams;
• Milk, 250 ml;
• Water.

Rinse the rice well under running water, it is necessary to wash all the starch, make sure that the grains become transparent. Pour water into the cereal, cook until almost cooked. Heat the milk in a separate container, add the rice there and bring the rice to a ready state. When the milk soup has cooled, add honey. If you do not want to wait, then it is better to add sugar or jam, because honey, when interacting with temperatures above 40 degrees, loses its beneficial properties.

Dessert rice soup can be consumed for lunch or afternoon tea. You can also replace breakfast with them, but then you should add something more satisfying, for example, an egg with bread and butter.

Boiled Meat Goulash Ingredients:

• Lean beef, 150 grams;
• Wheat flour, 15 grams;
• Carrots, 30 grams;
• Butter, 15 grams;
• Cream.

Boil the meat while it is cooking, make a creamy sauce. To do this, fry the flour in a dry frying pan, mix with cream. When the meat is ready, take it out and cut into cubes, put in a saucepan, pour sauce and water, add chopped carrots. Cook for about an hour.

Goulash can be served with buckwheat or rice, or you can use a mixture of cereals. Delicious and paired with vegetable puree. This dish is best eaten for lunch, as it is too heavy for dinner.

Chicken casserole Ingredients:

• Chicken breast, 1 pc. (or 2 pieces of chicken fillet);
• White bread, 50-100 grams;
• Butter, 1 tbsp;
• Egg, 1 pc;
• Sour cream, ½ cup;
• Milk, 200 ml.

Boil chicken parts, pass through a meat grinder. Soak the bread in milk, when softened, add to the meat, mix. Rub the butter, separate the egg yolk from the protein, beat the protein slightly. Add butter, yolk and sour cream to the meat with bread, mix until smooth. Lubricate the bowl in which you will bake with oil, put the meat mixture and whipped protein there. Preheat the oven to 220 degrees, bake for about 30 minutes.

Chicken casserole can be eaten for dinner, it does not put much stress on the body, the kidneys do not experience stress. Dinner should be 3-4 hours before bedtime.

Sour Cream Sauce Ingredients:

• Sour cream, 100 grams;
• Flour, 15 grams.

Sour cream sauce, one of the few permitted spices, for diseases associated with the kidneys. Preparing is pretty easy and fast. Dry the flour in the oven or in a frying pan without oil. Boil half of the sour cream, combine the other half with flour and mix well. Mix part of the sour cream with flour to the one that was boiling, bring to a boil again.

What foods can you eat with kidney disease?

If a person is sick, he must adhere to a certain mode of life. And at the same time, proper nutrition is very important. That is why in this article I want to talk about what a diet for kidney disease can be.

A few words about kidneys

At the very beginning, it must be said that the kidneys in the human body perform the following most important functions:

1. Regulation of water-salt balance.
2. Regulation of the endocrine system.
3. Metabolism of most nutrients.

What is important to know if a patient has kidney pain? Symptoms of the disease, treatment, diet - that's what you need to pay attention to Special attention. What are the signs of a disease of this organ in a person?

1. Urination disorder. In this case, it can both decrease and increase the number daily dose excreted urine.
2. Cutting when urinating (dysuria).
3. There may also be pain in the lumbar region.
4. The patient may have an increase in body temperature.
5. Quite often there are hypostases.
6. Other symptoms: increased blood pressure, weakness, pallor of the skin.

Table number 7

In addition to the fact that the doctor in case of kidney diseases, the patient prescribes various medicines, so it is still very important to observe correct mode nutrition. Only with an integrated approach can short terms cope with the disease. What should be Table number 7. What does this mean? So, appoint this diet when inflammatory processes that take place in this organ. In this case, the diet performs the following functions:

1. Spares the work of the kidneys, without loading them.
2. Reduces blood pressure.
3. Restores water and electrolyte balance in the patient's body.
4. Removes swelling.

This diet is prescribed for diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. Such a diet can also have various subspecies: table 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7p.

General nutritional characteristics

What exactly will be the diet for kidney disease?

1. Proteins should be present in the diet in small quantities.
2. Carbohydrates and fats enter the body according to the norm.
3. Salt should be almost completely eliminated from the diet.
4. Fluid intake is also limited (preferably up to 0.8 liters per day).
5. Food should be as vitaminized as possible.
6. The temperature of the dishes can be normal, any heat treatment is also permissible.
7. Fractional nutrition - 5-6 times a day.

The chemical composition of diet No. 7

Be sure to also consider the chemical composition of this diet:

1. Proteins: 80 grams. Of these, animal proteins should not be more than 50%.
2. Carbohydrates: 400-450 grams. Sugar should not be consumed per day more than 90 g.
3. Fats: approximately 100 grams. 25% of them are vegetable.
4. In this case, the patient should not drink more than 1 liter of liquid.

Foods that can be eaten by the patient

What foods are allowed to the patient if he is prescribed a diet for kidney disease?

1. Bread can be protein-free, wheat with bran. Prepared without salt.
2. Vegetarian soups.
3. In the first couple of weeks of treatment, meat should be excluded from the diet. Then you can eat lean meats. It can be chicken, rabbit, turkey.
4. You can eat low-fat fish in boiled and baked form.
5. Eggs. 1-2 pieces per day in the form of omelettes.
6. Milk and dairy products should be consumed in limited quantities.
7. You can eat all vegetables in natural and boiled form.
8. You can also eat any fruit. Especially good for kidney disease is watermelon and melon.
9. Pasta should be limited to the maximum. Cereal porridge is allowed.
10. Drinks: compotes, decoctions, tea with milk.

Foods to Avoid

Diet for kidney disease also provide for the rejection of certain foods. What, then, should be forgotten?

1. Black bread. Taboo - bakery products of ordinary baking.
2. Salty foods.
3. Fish, meat and mushroom broths.
4. It is necessary to refuse fatty varieties of fish and meat. Also from smoked meats, canned food.
5. Vegetables that should not be consumed: legumes, sorrel, mushrooms, garlic, onions. You also need to give up pickles and marinades.
6. Cocoa, chocolate, sweets.
7. Coffee and all alcoholic drinks.
8. You can't drink either. mineral water enriched with sodium.

sample menu

What else can be said if a diet for kidney disease is being considered? sample menu- that's what you can also focus on. How can you organize your meals with this problem?

Breakfast. He must be nutritious. So, you can eat an omelet from two eggs, a slice rye bread, a fresh vegetable salad. A glass of freshly squeezed juice.

Lunch. You can drink a glass of fermented baked milk or yogurt. Alternatively, you can eat your favorite fruit.

Dinner. Soup with vegetable broth. Lean meat or fish fillet. Garnish - crushed potatoes or boiled lentils. A fresh vegetable salad. Bread. Rosehip decoction.

afternoon tea. Fruit salad or pumpkin dessert.

Dinner. Boiled vegetables, baked fish, tea with milk.

Before going to bed, you can drink a glass of kefir.

Having considered which diet for kidney disease can be prescribed to a patient, it is worth remembering that this food should be very high in calories. So, the patient should receive at least 3000 kcal per day.

salt substitutes

As it has already become clear from the text above, the diet for kidney disease involves a complete rejection of salt intake. However, this can sometimes be very difficult to do. That is why now I want to talk about the various substitutes for table salt.

1. Organic live seaweed salt. You won't be able to get it on your own. But if you grind the seaweed in a coffee grinder and add salt to the dishes in this way, you can improve the taste.
2. Organic living salt from celery. To do this, celery stalks must be cut into pieces, dried and ground in a coffee grinder before adding to dishes.

From spices and garlic in this diet should be completely abandoned.

Healthy Recipes

So, it is already clear what should be the diet for kidney disease. Recipes for cooking - that's what I also want to talk about.

Recipe 1. Rosehip infusion jelly. First you need to prepare the infusion. To do this, two tablespoons of crushed rose hips should be poured with two glasses of water, boil everything over low heat for about 5 minutes and leave for 8 hours. Next, in half a glass of infusion, dissolve two tablespoons of sugar, then bring it all to a boil and mix with the rest of the liquid. Separately, you need to prepare gelatin, pour 1 teaspoon of chilled boiled water. Half an hour later, semi-finished gelatin is added to the rosehip broth, heated up a little, brought to a boil. Then everything is placed in a cold place. Through time healthiest dessert ready.

Recipe 2. Fresh fruit soup. Not so terrible was the diet for kidney disease. In women, this recipe should cause delight. After all, this dish is very tasty, but at the same time low in calories. To prepare it, you need to wash, peel and cut into small cubes the following fruits: peach, melon, pear, apples (20 g each). The remaining skins and seeds are poured hot water, boil on fire for about 15 minutes, then 25 minutes all this is infused. In this fruit decoction, you need to add a little water, as well as sugar (or fructose). Then it is filtered, and all the chopped fruits are placed in the liquid. The mixture is brought to a boil and boiled for no more than 7 minutes. Soup is poured into bowls. At the same time, previously boiled rice should be put in it. Everything is topped with sour cream.

It is worth saying that there can be a huge number of recipes. The main thing here is to use only permitted products, as well as adhere to the rules of preparation (most importantly, do not use salt). At the same time, the patient's hunger will not be tormented, because the food is very high-calorie and satisfying.

Nephritis is a whole group of kidney diseases that are inflammatory or immuno-inflammatory in nature. This group includes immunoinflammatory diseases: (if the glomeruli of the kidneys are involved in the process) and tubulointerstitial nephritis - when the process affects the interstitial tissue of the kidneys, tubules and vessels located in the tissue, lymphatic ducts and nerve endings. In these diseases, the provoking factor is infection, and the resulting immune complexes settle in the glomeruli or intermediate tissue of the kidneys. This also includes - inflammation of the pelvis of the kidneys, caused by bacterial flora.

The symptoms of diseases are different, which is explained by damage various structures kidneys. So, glomerulonephritis occurs with nephritic syndrome ( edema , hypertension , hematuria ). There is also an increased excretion of the protein, which reflects the pathology of the glomerular apparatus. There are pains in the lumbar region due to an increase in the size of the kidneys, and a decrease in urine output associated with a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. To frequent infections, damaging the glomerular apparatus, include viral hepatitis . Kidney damage often develops against a background of chronic or active.

At pyelonephritis Patients complain of back pain and frequent urination. In the clinic, intoxication symptoms may prevail - fever, weakness,. A significant amount of bacteria is found in the urine, and ultrasound shows signs of deformation of the pelvicalyceal system.

With tubulointerstitial nephritis, there is a decrease specific gravity urine. Each exacerbation of renal infection increases the affected area, contributing to fibrosis. This disease is characterized by an increase irreversible changes in the kidneys ( interstitial fibrosis ) and a parallel decrease in their functionality.

All these diseases are chronic course, and now the concept of chronic kidney disease has been introduced and its classification has been recognized throughout the world. CKD includes any damage to the kidneys, regardless of the nosological diagnosis, and a decrease in their function, which are noted for more than three months. It is diagnosed on the basis of albuminuria (), kidney pathology detected by ultrasound and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate<60 мл/мин/1,73 м2.

The purpose of combining nephrological diseases under this term is the need to assess the state of kidney function. This makes it possible to assess the rate of progression of the pathology and to start treatment and renoprotective measures in a timely manner. The disease has 5 stages, which differ in the risk of developing terminal. Of great importance in the treatment and prevention is the nutrition of patients.

What should be the diet for diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract? Despite the difference in diseases, diet therapy has common basic principles and is performed within the limits of treatment.

• Salt restriction - food is not salted during cooking, and depending on the severity of the disease and kidney failure, it is allowed to add a certain amount of it to ready meals. For example, in acute nephritis, salt is completely excluded. The presence of high blood pressure makes it necessary to reduce its amount to 5 g, and in chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis without CKD, it is possible to use 7-8 g per day. The amount of salt allowed is specified by the doctor for each patient individually.
• The amount of protein is reduced to 80 g (its amount is significantly reduced in severe kidney damage to 20 g or 40 g). Milk proteins and egg protein, as more easily digestible compared to meat and fish proteins, are more preferable in these diseases. Vegetable proteins have less nutritional value.
• Meat and fish (they are allowed 150 g or less, depending on the severity of renal failure). When preparing dishes, meat and fish are first boiled, and then you can bake, stew or fry as you wish. This technique reduces the amount of extractives and, accordingly, the load on the kidneys.
• Products with essential oils that have an irritating effect are excluded (celery, fresh dill, basil, parsley, radish, radish, garlic and fresh onions). You can not eat spinach and sorrel, as sources of oxalic acid.
• With any kidney disease, the amount of fluid is limited - from 0.5 to 1.1 liters. An accurate calculation of the allowed amount of fluid is carried out according to diuresis over the past day and can only exceed it by 300 ml.
• Fractional 5 meals a day are organized.
• With kidney disease, any alcoholic beverages, spicy and salty snacks, pickled vegetables, strong tea and coffee, spices and spices, cocoa and chocolate are excluded.

Nutrition for kidney disease ensures their sparing and is aimed at reducing edema and pressure, since food is cooked without salt. In addition, the diet contributes to the elimination of nitrogenous metabolic products, since its second main point is the restriction of protein in the diet. Moreover, with diseased kidneys, its amount varies depending on the severity of renal failure - from 20 g per day to 80 g.

In this regard, the diet for kidney disease has several varieties that are recommended at different stages of the disease (exacerbation, recovery, remission) and taking into account the function of the organ (the presence or absence of kidney failure). This is due to the fact that with kidney disease, their function is impaired to varying degrees. For example, Table No. 7A completely salt-free, it is a predominantly plant-based diet with a protein restriction of up to 20 g.

It is prescribed for severe acute nephritis and chronic with severe kidney failure . The diet is recommended for a short time, because it is not balanced, and when the process subsides and azotemia decreases, patients are transferred to Table 7B . It already increases the amount of protein up to 40 g and it is a transition table to Diet No. 7 , which allows 80 g of protein.

Table 7B , on the contrary, is characterized by a high protein content (125 g), since it is recommended for nephrotic syndrome, when there is a loss of protein in the urine. The increased content of protein in the diet makes up for its losses. The amount of fluid and salt consumed is limited.

Diet 7 G is prescribed for patients with terminal renal failure. This type of diet contains 60 grams of protein, 0.7 liters of free fluid and 2-3 grams of salt.

Approved Products

• Meat choose low-fat species (chicken, beef, turkey, lamb, tongue). Do not forget about boiling meat and fish products before the final preparation of dishes from them. Meat can be eaten in a piece, or boiled and chopped (stuffed cabbage rolls, stuffed pancakes and vegetables).
• Soups are cooked only on water or vegetable broth. There are no restrictions on vegetables and cereals added to soups. You can cook soups with pasta, borscht, cabbage soup and beetroot, but make sure that they are not very sour and spicy. Soups and borscht can be seasoned with sour cream and butter. Add dill and parsley to ready meals. Onions are used in soups after pre-boiling or blanching.
• Fish is recommended lean. It is boiled in a piece, then baked or prepared aspic based on vegetable broth. As an additive to meat and fish dishes, you can use various sauces: sour cream, milk, tomato or other vegetable, onion (for it, the onion is pre-boiled and sautéed). Dried dill, parsley, cumin can be added to sauces.
• As a side dish, any cereals and pasta are used. From cereals, you can make puddings, meatballs, casseroles with cottage cheese, pilaf with fruit. Pasta casseroles with dried apricots, raisins, prunes or jam.
• Milk, curdled milk, yogurt, cream, cottage cheese and dishes from it with the addition of fruits, carrots, pumpkins and other things are allowed. Sour cream is added only to dishes.
• Subject to a decrease in the amount of proteins (due to cottage cheese, meat or fish), you can eat 2 eggs a day - scrambled eggs, soft-boiled, egg porridge.
• All vegetables (except celery, radish, garlic, radish, fresh onion). Vegetables are boiled, stewed, baked, adding cumin, dried parsley and dill. From them you can make salads and cutlets, casseroles with pasta and cereals. You can not eat sauerkraut and cucumbers.
• Ripe fruits and berries in fresh and processed form: compotes, jam, jelly, mashed potatoes, jelly or baked. Desserts are allowed to add cinnamon.
• Any juices, weak coffee, rosehip infusion, tea with lemon and sugar, caramel, marshmallows, marshmallow, honey, popsicles.

Table of allowed products

Wholly or partially restricted products

For kidney problems, it is not allowed:

• Salt food, and in some cases salt is significantly limited or completely eliminated. You can’t even eat ordinary bread due to the salt content - salt-free home-baked bread is recommended. Salt is also not added to all flour and confectionery products (pancakes, cookies, pancakes, cakes, pies). For the same reason, any cheese is excluded from the diet.
• Rich broths (meat/fish/mushroom), pea, bean soups, legume decoctions.
• Exclude fatty meats (pork, duck, fatty lamb, goose), sausages, fried foods, smoked meats, canned food, baked or stewed meat without boiling.
• Animal fats are limited to lard, cream, sour cream, cereals with milk and milk soups.
• Fatty smoked fish, salted fish, fish roe, canned fish.
• All legumes, spinach, onion, sorrel, garlic, radish, radish, mushrooms.
• Hot spices and sauces, mayonnaise, pepper, horseradish, mustard.
• All pickled and pickled vegetables.
• Strong coffee, sodium mineral water, cocoa.

Table of prohibited products

* data are per 100 g of product

Diet Menu for Kidneys (Diet)

A food menu can be developed without difficulty, especially since it practically does not differ from ordinary food, with the exception of salt, spices and spicy dishes. Nutrition can be made varied, since the diet contains all cereals, meat, cottage cheese and almost all vegetables.

You can add dried herbs to your meals and enhance the taste with a variety of homemade sauces. The main limitation in kidney disease is salt and this must be remembered when preparing food. You can diversify the menu with homemade baked goods without salt - bread, to which you can add carrots, pumpkin, dried dill, parsley and caraway seeds. You can bake sweet muffins with raisins, prunes, apples, dried apricots, and add cinnamon for taste. The amount of salt allowed should be checked with a doctor.

Recipes

First meal

Vegetable soup

Potatoes, zucchini, green peas, carrots, onions, asparagus beans, sweet peppers.

Put potatoes, beans, carrots into boiling water. After 10 minutes, add bell pepper, zucchini and onion, previously aged in boiling water. Cook until ready.

Brussels sprout soup

Potatoes, cabbage, salad peppers, onions, tomatoes.

Cut the vegetables into cubes, also cut the large heads of cabbage, leave the small ones whole. Boil the vegetable broth and dip the vegetables into it, except for the cabbage. Boil for 10-15 minutes, add cumin and Brussels sprouts.

Main courses

Pasta casserole with cottage cheese

Pasta, cottage cheese, egg, sugar, butter, sour cream.

Boil pasta, grate cottage cheese, combine with pasta, add melted butter, beaten egg and sugar. Knead the mass well, put it in a mold, grease with sour cream on top and bake.

carrot cutlets

Carrots, butter, chicken proteins, semolina, sugar, sour cream or honey.

Grate carrots and sauté in butter. Add semolina, proteins and sugar to the warm carrot mass. Stir and leave for 20 minutes to swell semolina. Form round cutlets, bake in the oven or fry. Serve with honey (sour cream).

A diet for kidney disease is considered very important, which helps to optimize metabolism. Therapeutic nutrition is an important component of treatment and improves the effect of drug therapy. Any kidney disease leads to disruption of the activity of various organs and systems of the body.

This is primarily due to the following changes:

• accumulation of metabolic products in the blood,
• violation of acid-base and water-electrolyte balance.

These changes cause the following symptoms:

• edema appears,
• increased blood pressure,
• develops intoxication of the body with its own metabolic products.

A strict diet for kidney damage (table No. 7) is prescribed for patients with nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure and glomerulonephritis. In other kidney diseases, significant dietary restrictions are not required, in this case, it is only worth reducing the intake of:

• salt,
• hot spices,
• spices.

It is also necessary to exclude the use of alcoholic beverages.

Protein restriction

A diet for kidney problems involves a decrease in the amount of protein that comes from food. As a result of protein metabolism, nitrogenous slags are formed, which are hardly removed by diseased kidneys and gradually accumulate in the blood. At the same time, protein is an important building material for the cells of the body, so we are talking about its limitation, and not complete exclusion from the diet. From protein foods, it is recommended to eat lean meats and fish in small quantities. These foods should be boiled or stewed, but not fried. You can eat chicken eggs. In chronic renal failure, the amount of protein per day should be 20-50 g, depending on the weight of the patient and the stage of the disease.

Important: a strict protein-free diet for kidney disease should be observed for no more than 1-2 weeks, since the patient's health may worsen from a sharp protein restriction.

With a slight violation of renal function, protein restriction in the diet is not required. It is enough to arrange fasting days 1-2 times a week.

Calorie content

An important point is the calorie content of the diet. It should be high enough and be at least 3500 kcal / day. At the same time, most of the menu is made up of fats and carbohydrates. The lower calorie content of food leads to the fact that the body begins to consume not only fats, but also its own proteins. This is accompanied by increased formation of toxic metabolites, as a result, the burden on the kidneys increases. Nutrition for kidney disease should be regular and fractional. It is best to eat in small portions 4-6 times a day.

salt restriction

Salt should be limited in cases where kidney disease leads to high blood pressure and significant edema. In this case, the dishes are not salted at all during cooking, and when eating food, the patient adds salt himself with a small amount of salt, which is given 2-3 g per day (about half a teaspoon). It should be borne in mind that many finished products contain a large amount of salt. This also applies to bread. Therefore, it is better to buy special unsalted pastries or bake bread yourself. For the same reason, you can not eat purchased sausages and sausages, smoked meats, pickles and marinades, hard cheese. You can also not eat salted fish and drink mineral water of high mineralization, cocoa.

Foods rich in phosphorus and potassium should be excluded from the diet:

• dried fruits,
• nuts,
• bananas,
• cottage cheese,
• offal.

Approved Products

• fresh, boiled or stewed vegetables;
• pasta and cereals;
• vegetable soups;
• berries and fruits;
• fermented milk products (yogurt, kefir, sour cream);
• butter and vegetable oil;
• compotes and kissels;
• rosehip decoction;
• weak tea and coffee.

Prohibited Products

The diet for kidney disease provides for the restriction and exclusion from the menu of the following products:

• meat and chicken broths,
• mushrooms,
• chocolate,
• garlic and onion,
• legumes,
• radish,
• hot and spicy dishes.

The listed products contain essential oils in their composition, which have an irritating effect on the tissue of the kidneys. You can use bay leaf, cinnamon, lightly fried onions when cooking.

Fasting days

In kidney pathology, periodic fasting days are useful, during which only a certain product can be consumed. The following types of fasting days deserve attention:

• berry-fruit,
• vegetable,
• juice,
• oatmeal,
• watermelon.

During fasting days, only one specific product should be consumed.

Fruit and berry fasting day involves eating 1.5 kg of fruits or berries per day, divided into 5 doses. Watermelon day is a kind of fruit day, it has a positive effect on kidney function. Vegetable fasting days have the same principle: 5 times a day you need to eat boiled, stewed or fresh vegetables. You can make a salad from them and season with vegetable oil or low-fat sour cream. Cucumber fasting day is especially useful for the kidneys.

Diet for urolithiasis

Nutrition for urolithiasis of the kidneys depends on the type of metabolic disorder. The diet can be selected after determining the composition of the stones:

Oxalates

It is necessary to limit the intake of oxalic acid. Green leafy plants are excluded from nutrition - sorrel, spinach, lettuce; you can not eat chocolate, cocoa, coffee. You should also limit the intake of ascorbic acid, which is found in large quantities in black currants, Antonov apples, radishes, citrus fruits. Vitamin B6 promotes the breakdown of oxalic acid, so black bread, oatmeal and buckwheat porridge should be included in the diet. Useful cauliflower, eggplant, pumpkin, beans, prunes.

Urats

Uric acid salts form kidney stones in an acidic environment (low pH). Therefore, you need to change your diet in favor of alkalizing urine products. This effect has:

• porridge,
• potato,
• bread,
• dried fruits,

It is necessary to significantly limit or eliminate acidifying foods from the diet:

• fish,
• meat,
• offal (kidneys, liver, brains),
• sausages and smoked meats,
• canned food.

Phosphates

With phosphate stones, on the contrary, it is necessary to acidify the urine. To do this, the basis of the menu should be meat and fish dishes. Avoid the following products:

• milk and dairy products,
• vegetable and milk soups,
• berry and fruit juices and compotes.

Less common are kidney stones of a different composition. With these types of urolithiasis, the attending physician or nutritionist can choose a diet.

If the kidneys hurt during urolithiasis, the diet prevents the formation of new stones and promotes the dissolution and removal of existing ones.

Important: with kidney stone disease, you cannot follow a strict diet for more than 1 month, otherwise stones of the opposite composition may form in the kidneys. Therefore, the diet must be followed under the constant supervision of a doctor.

Compliance with a diet for kidney disease is the main condition for treatment. Otherwise, the effect of drug therapy will be minimized. Any kidney disease requires careful adjustment of nutrition. The doctor should select a diet for the patient, based on his individual characteristics and the type of pathology.

In general, the diet for kidney damage is based on low-protein foods. And the basis of nutrition includes carbohydrates and vegetable fats.

The main nuances of kidney treatment

After the pathology of the kidneys has been confirmed, the doctor prescribes a treatment that includes a kidney diet, namely a low-protein one, according to urologists, it is the most effective. Nutrition for kidney disease should exclude the use of salt and proteins to the maximum. Salt, if possible, must be completely abandoned, since this product inhibits the process of removing fluid from the body, and this is fraught with such an unpleasant consequence as the formation of sand in the kidneys.

The diet for diseased kidneys should be based on the following principles:

• you can eat only in small portions, at least five meals a day;
• adhere to a meal schedule;
• the amount of liquid drunk is reduced to 1.5 liters;
• it is necessary to salt the dishes after cooking, you do not need to do this during the cooking process;
• do not add onion, garlic and spices to food;
• exclude fatty foods, as well as foods that are difficult for the kidneys;
• eat more vegetables and fruits.

The implementation of the above rules will significantly speed up recovery. It is important to observe the regularity of the diet, there should not be any concessions.

Special diet for kidney disease

A specially designed diet for kidney disease, nutritionists call table number 7. It is aimed at improving the general condition of the patient and relieving pain. Before embarking on this diet, it is necessary to pay close attention to the characteristic symptoms, since each kidney disease has its own distinctive features. Most of the diseases do not need strict dietary restrictions, the exclusion of alcohol, pepper and salt will be enough. Diet number 7 is the same for men, women and children.

In the presence of pain in the kidneys, the menu should be designed in such a way as to reduce the inflammatory process and relieve irritation. Nutrition for diet number seven should be balanced, with an even intake of fats, carbohydrates, trace elements and vitamins.

Proteins should be consumed in small quantities, but it is also not recommended to completely exclude them, they are of great importance for the full functioning of the body. That is why a low-protein diet is being developed for kidney disease. Let's not forget the liquid. You can drink jelly, juices, water, weak tea.

In addition, table number 7 requires accounting for food calories. To do this, you need to figure out how many calories a day a person needs to consume so that the kidneys can function normally. According to nutritionists, the daily calorie intake for a person with kidney pathology should not be more than 3000 kcal. At the same time, the norm of protein consumed per day is 70 g, carbohydrates - 400 g, and fats - 90 g. Carbohydrates prevail over other substances for the reason that they significantly accelerate the results of treatment.

Protein restriction in kidney disease

First of all, the 7th diet is aimed at reducing the intake of proteins. Thus, the amount of fish, meat, legumes, cheese, cottage cheese, eggs should be reduced in the diet. But, since protein is the foundation for cells, a completely protein-free diet for kidney disease is unacceptable.

With a low-protein diet, it is important to exclude fatty fish and meat, especially in fried form and with the addition of spices (including onions and garlic).

A low-protein diet significantly improves the patient's condition, and besides, sick kidneys love it. But if the disturbances in their work are minor, it is not necessary to follow a low-protein diet. One unloading day a week will be enough.

Water regime and salt

When it comes to kidney failure, pyelonephritis and other similar kidney pathologies, the opinion of doctors in this case is unequivocal: it is necessary to regulate fluid intake and limit salt intake.

While healthy people are recommended to consume up to two liters of fluid per day, for patients with kidney ailments, this amount is reduced to 1.5 liters, and this includes teas, uzvars, juices, compotes, and so on. If the drinking regime is not observed, the load on the kidneys will increase, which will further aggravate the efficiency of the already affected organ. People with one kidney need to drink no more than 1 liter of fluid per day, otherwise water intoxication will occur.

When, salt intake is reduced, since this product can seriously disrupt the functioning of the organ. The dish must be salted in the smallest amount and only after cooking. In the event of an exacerbation of the disease, salt intake should be completely excluded.

What can and can not be eaten with kidney disease?

Failure to follow the diet can cause kidney pain. The diet menu for kidney pathologies should not contain the following products:

• fatty dairy products and milk;
• sea ​​fish;
• kvass;
• legumes;
• garlic and spices;
• mushrooms;
• chocolate
• cocoa.

Garlic, of course, is considered one of the useful products that can increase immunity and prevent the occurrence of acute respiratory infections. However, with kidney pathologies, this product should not be eaten, since in this case it is an irritant to the organ.

And foods such as parsley, radish, asparagus and sorrel are forbidden to use during exacerbations of kidney pathologies. Fatty meat (pork, lamb, as well as meat of ducks and geese) is also excluded.

And here is a list of foods that you can not only eat with kidney pathologies, but are also highly recommended:

• vegetable soups (strictly without meat, fish and mushrooms);
• lean meat;
• cereals;
• potato;
• compotes, juices, jelly;
• milk;
• River fish;
• fruit;
• jam;
• cauliflower.

Daily menu for the week

Following table number 7 for renal pathologies, many patients find it very difficult to get used to a specific diet. To make it easier to adjust the correct diet, nutritionists have compiled an approximate list of dishes for each day of the week. Such a menu is necessary throughout the entire treatment course.

Dishes can be periodically rearranged and new ones added. Here is a list of recommended meals for the week:

1. First day. In the morning, you should refresh yourself with milk rice porridge and cheese. For lunch, it is recommended to give preference to vegetable cream soup and boiled chicken breast. For dinner, cook pasta and steamed fish cakes. You can dilute the menu with fruit snacks, casseroles, biscuits, pudding. Each meal is washed down with liquid.
2. Second day. Breakfast - carrot cutlets, buckwheat milk porridge. For lunch, eat meat soufflé and cabbage soup. For dinner, a meat casserole is recommended, you can also diversify the evening meal with honey and cottage cheese.
3. Third day. For breakfast - dietary pilaf and soufflé. Lunch diluted with turkey soup and barley porridge. For dinner, cook a steamed omelette and boiled veal.
4. Fourth day. The next morning - vegetable salad, fish, tomato juice, curd mass. Lunch - rice with veal, milk soup. For dinner, you should refresh yourself with oatmeal with a banana and a potato casserole.
5. Fifth day. Breakfast consists of wheat milk porridge and cheese mass with raisins. For lunch, you can cook buckwheat porridge with lean meat and lean borscht. For dinner - steamed pasta with fish cakes.
6. Sixth day. The morning meal should begin with barley milk porridge and boiled beets. Lenten borscht with boiled chicken breast - for lunch. Prepare a meat soufflé for the evening meal.
7. Seventh day. You need to start the day with semolina porridge. For lunch, cook steamed cutlets and mashed potato soup. Dinner diluted with pancakes with caramelized apples and pudding.

This is the nutrition for kidney disease made by nutritionists for every day. By adhering to it, you can not only speed up the healing process, but also improve your overall health.

Fasting days for kidney disease

Not only the diet for the kidneys is an important addition to the treatment. It is also important to cleanse the body at least once a week. However, there is one important point - the unloading of the kidneys can be carried out only after a complete examination and an accurate diagnosis.

Such a cleansing consists in the following: only 1 product is eaten throughout the day. It must be chosen from what the kidneys love. It is important to ensure that it is fully consistent with the diet for renal pathologies. It is best to eat fruits or berries. You can, for example, take 400 g each of apricots, apples, pears. Divide the intake of cleansing food into 5-6 doses, while the time intervals should be equal.

It is also desirable that during treatment, a cucumber diet be carried out to unload the kidneys. She is the most efficient.

Useful recipe for kidney pain

For pain in the kidneys, rosehip jelly is an effective remedy. To do this, you need 2 cups of berry infusion. Half a glass of berry uzvar must be brought to a boil, after putting 2 tablespoons of sugar there, and pour into the remaining infusion. Separately, pour gelatin with water (1 teaspoon) and after 30 minutes add to the infusion. Bring to a boil and cool. This remedy is very useful in kidney diseases.