On what day does ovulation usually occur? On what day of the cycle does ovulation occur - determine the best days to conceive a child

If reproductive system works without failures, a woman ovulates on average once a month. How often the egg matures depends on the characteristics menstrual cycle specific woman.

Does ovulation occur every month?

Normally, a woman can go through several cycles a year without ovulation. With age, the number of anovulatory cycles increases, so after 30–35 years the chances of quick conception are decreasing. If a woman is about 40 years old, conception is possible, but the question “how long does it take for ovulation to occur?” the likely answer would be: “In a few months.” During menopause, ovulation in women stops altogether.

On what day does ovulation occur?

The menstrual cycle lasts on average 28–32 days. Without special research It is impossible to accurately answer the question of when a girl ovulates. Ovulation usually occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle (days 12–15). For a more accurate calculation, you need to make a graph basal temperature for several months.

Another way to try to find out when ovulation occurs is with a calendar. To find out when ovulation occurs after menstruation, you need to count 14 days from the beginning of your last menstruation on a calendar. With an ideal 28-day cycle, there will also be 14 days left until the next period, that is, ovulation will occur exactly in the middle of the cycle. But does ovulation always occur on the 14th day?

Doctors say it's ideal classic version doesn't happen that often. For most women, ovulation occurs between the 11th and 21st days of the cycle, counting from the first day of the last menstrual period. Before next menstruation in this case, from 12 to 16 days remain. After what time ovulation occurs depends on the hormonal background, and emotional and physical condition women, and in different cycles ovulation may occur different days. Doctors also know of cases when during one menstrual cycle a woman had two ovulations at once.

How many days does ovulation take place?

Ovulation is a short stage of the menstrual cycle, lasting only 48 hours. During this period of time, the egg, ready for fertilization, leaves the ovary, descends the fallopian tube and moves towards the uterus, where it will await fertilization. If fertilization occurs, the egg will attach to the wall of the uterus.

Favorable days for pregnancy are two to three days before ovulation and one day after, and on the day of ovulation the chances of conception are especially high. Therefore, to calculate auspicious days It is very important to keep an ovulation calendar and imagine how long ovulation occurs.

A mature egg is viable for only 24 hours, so within a day after ovulation the so-called safe days. The likelihood of fertilization after ovulation is extremely low.

How do you know if ovulation is happening?

Many women think about how to find out when ovulation occurs, because correctly determining this period will allow you to conceive a child faster. It is convenient to use the following methods at home without visiting a doctor.

• Can be used for regular periods calendar method ovulation calculations. According to it, ovulation should occur approximately in the middle of the cycle, but how can you understand whether ovulation occurred on the days you planned? To plug additional methods Ovulation detection!
• Measuring your basal temperature will also help determine that ovulation has occurred. An increase in temperature in the rectum indicates the release of an egg ready for fertilization. You can find out at what temperature ovulation occurs by charting your basal temperature every month. Typically, basal temperature during ovulation differs from pre-ovulatory values ​​by approximately half a degree.
• An ovulation test is another way to determine whether ovulation is occurring. Ovulation strip tests are similar to pregnancy tests, only they show two strips not in case of successful fertilization, but when the egg is released from the ovary.

When does fertilization occur after ovulation?

After ovulation, the sperm has about a day to meet the egg and fertilize it.

If conception does not occur, the egg is destroyed in the fallopian tube within 24 hours, and after about 14 days the woman begins menstruation again - this is the release of the unfertilized egg.

If the meeting of the sperm and the egg was successful, the fertilized zygote descends into the uterus within 6–12 days, after which it is fixed there and pregnancy occurs. With the onset of pregnancy, the ovaries stop producing new eggs, so there is no need to worry that ovulation occurs during pregnancy - re-fertilization is impossible.

The term “ovulation” refers to one of the important stages of the menstrual cycle, when a woman’s body undergoes the process of rupture of a mature follicle in the ovary, followed by release into abdominal cavity a mature egg ready for fertilization.

When the period of ovulation begins, the hypothalamus takes over the “control” of this mechanism: it regulates with the help of special biological active substances secretion of certain hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland - luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Under the influence of the latter, during the follicular phase of the cycle (immediately before ovulation), the ovarian follicle grows and, reaching the desired size and degree of activity during the formation of the ovulatory LH peak, stimulates the “maturation” of the egg.

When ovulation occurs, a gap forms in the follicle, through which the egg is released and begins to move along the fallopian tube to the uterus. It is at this time that fertilization can occur, otherwise it will die within 12-24 hours.

A healthy woman is capable of conceiving (which means that in her body there is regular offensive ovulation from the beginning of the first menstrual cycle, and all this time the ovulation rhythm remains constant, undergoing changes only after 40 years, that is, after the body begins to prepare for the premenopausal period.

In addition, the rhythm remains unstable for a certain period after an abortion or after childbirth. After fading menstrual function and when pregnancy begins, ovulation stops. Information about when the day of ovulation occurs is very important, since it helps in choosing the best time for natural fertilization, artificial insemination and IVF.

Typically, if the menstrual cycle is stable, the egg begins to prepare for release from the mature follicle every 21-35 days, although small deviations are allowed, which are considered normal to a certain extent.

Methods for determining the onset of ovulation

For those who are concerned about the question of how to find out when ovulation occurs, several methods are available to determine the progress of this process. The first (calendar) method has already been described - it consists of monitoring the calendar dates of menstruation with the expectation that ovulation in a 28-day cycle occurs on the 13-14th day, and in a 30-day cycle it should be expected on the 15-16th day.

The reliability of this method is approximately 30%, since the cycle modern women rarely goes without failure, and 1-2 times a year the egg is generally not ready for fertilization.

The tactile method will help determine the signs of upcoming ovulation using fairly subjective indicators. It is known that the day before this process and during its passage, the discharge from the cervix becomes less viscous, so that by monitoring this factor, a woman can determine with a certain degree of confidence whether she is ready to conceive.

Third method for a long time was considered the most reliable and was used first. This is a method of measuring basal temperature. How to understand that ovulation has occurred with its help? It is required to measure the rectal temperature (in the rectum) every day for a month, without getting out of bed, and draw up a graph based on the data obtained.

On the day of ovulation, the temperature, which is relatively flat on other days, is fixed at its lowest level, and the next day it rises sharply. It will take “monitoring” of 1-2 menstrual cycles to ensure the accuracy of the schedule and with a probability of at least 90% to prepare for conception.

A modern, convenient, practical indicator test allows women to quickly and accurately determine the condition of their eggs. The test responds to increased content hormones, the production of which indicates the beginning of the process, and reliable signs it can detect the onset of ovulation both in urine and saliva.

When ovulation does not occur

Can ovulation not occur, even if there is confidence in the absence of pregnancy? Yes, and this is quite possible. This is often caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis or stressful situations, sometimes the problem is caused by inflammation of the genitals, some systemic diseases, dysfunction thyroid gland or adrenal cortex, tumors of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus.

A disease of this kind is called anovulation and is 100% the cause female infertility, therefore, if any violations are detected, you must contact a gynecologist to find out the specific cause and receive adequate treatment.

Having found out why ovulation does not occur in everyone specific case, specialists prescribe a stimulation procedure, which is carried out by special medicines. In particular, Clostilbegit is used (often in combination with hormones) and the actual preparations of gonadotropic hormones - Menopur containing FSH and LH, and Gonal-F containing FSH.

The procedure itself is carried out according to various schemes depending on the cause of anovulation, although the most popular and effective way is treatment with Clostilbegit, carried out on days 5-9 of the cycle. This drug is in most cases prescribed in combination with Menopur, and in this case stimulation is carried out at 3-7 menstrual cycles with the addition of certain days hormones.

Signs of the onset of ovulation

Short-term pain in the lower abdomen is the very first subjective sign of the onset of the ovulation process in female body. How to determine the onset of ovulation further: signs appear more and more objectively - vaginal discharge becomes more intense, basal (rectal) temperature indicators decrease immediately on the day of ovulation and increase the next day, progesterone content in the blood plasma increases.

On ultrasound during this period, one can observe the dynamics of changes in the follicles, in one of which a rupture gradually forms, followed by the release of the egg. Determine on what day ovulation occurs by monitoring all these signs and using various methods Defining this state is not at all difficult.

The process of egg “maturation” may be delayed

As is known, during pregnancy the maturation of new eggs ready for fertilization does not occur, however, when this important stage for every woman is left behind, a new, no less important question: when does ovulation occur after childbirth?

Experts note that the menstrual cycle begins to recover within 3-10 weeks after childbirth, but it occurs against the background of anovulation. It must take at least 6 weeks - 3 months for this function has fully recovered, although pathological cases of the absence of ovulation even within six months after the birth of the child are known.

Another question that concerns women is when does ovulation occur after an abortion? As practice shows, this problem is very serious: for planning conception and for preventing next pregnancy It is important to know that ovulation normally occurs within the first 4 weeks, and it does not matter whether the interruption was artificial or spontaneous. Another 2 weeks later, menstruation returns and a normal menstrual cycle is established.

How to help the onset of ovulation?

Apart from artificial stimulation, which is prescribed by a doctor after a thorough examination, there is no other way to help the onset of ovulation. The question “What should I do for ovulation to occur?” does not imply a constructive response - everything is entrusted to the shoulders of Mother Nature, and her daughters can only use various methods of control over their condition, over the course of the menstrual cycle and their own health.

The most important thing is to know when ovulation occurs after menstruation and to regularly try to conceive.

For reference: humans, unlike animals, are not very fertile, and each healthy woman monthly has only a 1 in 3 chance of becoming pregnant, and this probability decreases significantly with age.

And only a competent approach to business, weapons necessary knowledge and the ability to feel your body to the last cell, carefully understanding all of its internal processes, will help you cope with any difficulty.

Finally: some important facts about ovulation

Firstly, directly on the day of ovulation, the probability of conception is as much as 33%, that is, it is maximum. On the day before the release of a mature egg, the probability reaches 31%, and 2 days before that it is 27%, which is also excellent indicators. 5 days before ovulation and the day after it, the chance for successful conception vanishing small

Secondly, some studies have shown that a competent calculation of the course of the menstrual cycle, which allows you to find out exactly how many days later ovulation occurs, determines not only optimal time for fertilization of the egg, but also the likelihood of conceiving a child of the desired sex.

Thirdly, when planning a pregnancy and focusing on your cycle, you should not have sex exclusively on the day of ovulation. This is ineffective, because the “life” of sperm is at least a week, so even if they enter the fallopian tubes 5-6 days before the egg is ready for conception, the likelihood of pregnancy will also be very high.

And most importantly: the timing of ovulation depends on when the next menstrual cycle began, and not on when the previous one ended. It is important not to make mistakes when calculating deadlines!

Replies

An egg that has matured in the follicle, ready for fertilization, destroys the surface of the ovary and passes through the abdominal cavity into fallopian tube. This phenomenon is called ovulation. It happens in the middle menstrual period women, but can shift in one direction or another, occurring on the 11th – 21st days of the cycle.

Menstrual cycle

In a female fetus at 20 weeks intrauterine development there are already 2 million immature eggs in the ovaries. 75% of them disappear soon after the girl is born. Most women have reproductive age 500 thousand eggs are stored. By the beginning of puberty, they are ready for cyclical maturation.

During the first two years after menarche, anovulatory cycles are common. Then the regularity of follicle maturation, release of the egg and formation corpus luteum– ovulation cycle. A disruption in the rhythm of this process occurs during menopause, when the release of an egg occurs less and less and then stops.

When an egg moves into the fallopian tube, it can merge with a sperm - fertilization. The resulting embryo enters the uterus. During ovulation, the uterine walls thicken and the endometrium grows, preparing for implantation of the embryo. If conception does not occur, inner layer uterine wall is rejected - menstrual bleeding occurs.

On what day after menstruation does ovulation occur?

Normally, this is the middle of the cycle, taking into account the first day of menstruation. For example, if 26 days pass between the first days of each menstruation, then ovulation will occur on the 12th – 13th day, taking into account the day the period begins.

How many days does this process take?

The release of a mature germ cell occurs quickly, hormonal changes in this case, they are registered within 1 day.

One of the misconceptions is to believe that if you have periods, then the cycle was necessarily ovulatory. Thickening of the endometrium is controlled by estrogen, and ovulation is caused by the action of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Not every menstrual cycle is accompanied by the process of ovulation. Therefore, when planning pregnancy, it is recommended to monitor the precursors of egg release and use additional tests to determine it. If anovulation lasts for a long time, you should consult a gynecologist.

Hormonal regulation

Ovulation occurs under the influence of FSH, which is synthesized in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland under the influence of regulators formed in the hypothalamus. Under the influence of FSH begins follicular phase maturation of the egg. At this time, one of the follicle vesicles becomes dominant. As it increases, it reaches the preovulatory stage. At the moment of ovulation, the wall of the follicle ruptures, containing mature sex cell leaves the ovary and penetrates the uterine tube.

What happens after ovulation?

The second phase of the cycle begins - the luteal phase. Under the influence of the luteinizing hormone of the pituitary gland, a peculiar endocrine organ- yellow body. This is a small round formation yellow color. The corpus luteum secretes hormones that cause the endometrium to thicken and prepare it for implantation of the embryo during pregnancy.

Anovulatory cycle

Menstrual-like bleeding may recur regularly after 24-28 days, but the egg does not leave the ovary. This cycle is called . In the absence of ovulation, one or more follicles reach the preovulatory stage, that is, they grow, and a germ cell develops inside. However, the follicular wall does not rupture and the egg does not come out.

Soon after this, the mature follicle undergoes atresia, that is, reverse development. At this time, estrogen levels decrease, which leads to menstrual-like bleeding. By external signs it is practically indistinguishable from normal menstruation.

Why is there no ovulation?

It could be physiological state during puberty or premenopause. If a woman is in childbearing age, rare anovulatory cycles – normal phenomenon.

Many hormonal disorders lead to an imbalance of the “hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary” system and change the timing of ovulation, in particular:

• hypothyroidism (lack of thyroid hormones);
• hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormones);
• hormonally active benign tumor pituitary gland (adenoma);
• adrenal insufficiency.

Emotional stress can prolong the ovulatory period. It leads to a decrease in the level of gonadotropin-releasing factor, a substance secreted by the hypothalamus and stimulating the synthesis of FSH in the pituitary gland.

Other possible reasons for which there is a lack or delay of ovulation associated with hormonal imbalance:

• intense sports and physical activity;
• rapid weight loss of at least 10%;
• chemotherapy and radiation for malignant neoplasms;
• taking tranquilizers, corticosteroid hormones and some contraceptives.

Basic physiological reasons lack of ovulation – pregnancy and menopause. During premenopause, women may continue to have more or less regular periods, but the likelihood of anovulatory cycles increases significantly.

Symptoms of egg release

Not all women experience signs of ovulation. At this moment, hormonal changes occur in the body. By carefully observing your body, you can detect a period best ability to fertilization. It is not necessary to use complex and expensive methods for predicting egg release. It is enough to detect natural symptoms in time.

• Change in cervical mucus

The female body prepares for possible conception by producing cervical fluid, suitable for the transfer of sperm from the vagina to the uterine cavity. Until ovulation, this discharge is thick and viscous. They prevent sperm from entering the uterus. Before ovulation glands cervical canal begin to produce a special protein - its threads are thin, elastic and similar in properties to protein chicken egg. Vaginal discharge become transparent and stretch well. This environment is ideal for sperm to penetrate into the uterus.

• Change in vaginal moisture

Discharge from the cervix becomes more abundant. During sexual intercourse, the amount of vaginal fluid increases. A woman feels increased humidity throughout the day, which shows her readiness for fertilization.

• Breast tenderness

After ovulation, progesterone levels increase. If a woman keeps a chart, she will see that her basal temperature has risen. It is caused precisely by the action of progesterone. This hormone also affects the mammary glands, so at this moment they become more sensitive. Sometimes this soreness resembles premenstrual sensations.

• Changing the position of the cervix

After the end of menstruation, the cervix is ​​closed and low. As ovulation approaches, it rises higher and softens. You can check this yourself. After thoroughly washing your hands, you need to place your foot on the edge of the toilet or bathtub and insert two fingers into the vagina. If you have to push them deep, it means your cervix has risen. It is easiest to check for this symptom immediately after menstruation, so that you can then better determine the change in the position of the cervix.

• Increased sex drive

Women often notice stronger sexual desire in the middle of the cycle. These sensations during ovulation are of natural origin and are associated with changes in hormonal levels.

• Bloody issues

Sometimes in the middle of the cycle small bloody issues from the vagina. It can be assumed that this is the “residue” of blood leaving the uterus after menstruation. However, if this sign appears during suspected ovulation, it indicates rupture of the follicle. In addition, some blood may also be released from the endometrial tissue under the influence of hormones immediately before or after ovulation. This symptom indicates high fertility.

• Cramp or pain on one side of the abdomen

20% of women experience pain during ovulation, which is called pain. It occurs when the follicle ruptures and the fallopian tube contracts as the egg moves into the uterus. A woman feels pain or spasm on one side of her lower abdomen. These sensations after ovulation do not last long, but serve as a fairly accurate sign of fertilization ability.

• Flatulence

Hormonal shifts cause slight bloating. It can be detected by clothing or a belt that has become a little tight.

• Mild nausea

Hormonal changes may cause mild nausea, similar to pregnancy-like symptoms.

• Headache

In 20% of women, before or during menstruation, headache or migraine. The same symptom in these patients may accompany the onset of ovulation.

Diagnostics

Many women are planning their pregnancy. Conceiving after ovulation gives the greatest chance of fertilization of the egg. Therefore, they use additional methods to diagnose this condition.

Tests functional diagnostics during the ovulatory cycle:

• basal temperature;
• pupil symptom;
• study of cervical mucus extensibility;
• karyopyknotic index.

These studies are objective, that is, they show the phase of the ovulatory cycle quite accurately and regardless of the woman’s feelings. They are used when normal hormonal processes are disrupted. With their help, for example, ovulation is diagnosed when regular cycle.

Basal temperature

Measurements are taken by placing a thermometer 3-4 cm into the anus, immediately after waking up. It is important to perform the procedure at the same time (a half hour difference is acceptable), after at least 4 hours of continuous sleep. You need to take your temperature every day, including on menstruation days.

The thermometer should be prepared in the evening so as not to shake in the morning. In general, it is not recommended to make unnecessary movements. If a woman uses mercury thermometer, after it is inserted into the rectum, she should lie still for 5 minutes. It is more convenient to use an electronic thermometer, which will beep when the measurement is completed. However, sometimes such devices give erroneous readings, which can lead to incorrect detection of ovulation.

After the measurement, the result must be plotted on a graph, divided by vertical axis by tenths of a degree (36.1 – 36.2 – 36.3 and so on).

In the follicular phase, the temperature is 36.6-36.8 degrees. Starting from the second day after ovulation, it rises to 37.1-37.3 degrees. This rise is clearly visible on the chart. Just before the release of the egg, the mature follicle secretes maximum amount estrogen, and on the graph this may appear as a sudden decrease (“recession”), followed by a rise in temperature. It is not always possible to register this sign.

If a woman irregular ovulation, constant measurement rectal temperature will help her determine the most favorable day for conception. The accuracy of the method is 95%, subject to the rules for performing measurements and interpreting the results by a doctor.

Pupil symptom

This sign is detected by a gynecologist when examining the cervix using vaginal speculum. During the follicular phase of the cycle, the external uterine os gradually increases in diameter, and the cervical discharge becomes more and more transparent (+). Outwardly, it resembles the pupil of an eye. By the time of ovulation, the uterine os is maximally dilated, its diameter reaches 3-4 cm, the pupil symptom is most pronounced (+++). On days 6-8 after this, the external opening of the cervical canal closes, the pupil symptom becomes negative (-). The accuracy of this method is 60%.

Extensibility of cervical mucus

This sign, which can be noticed independently, is quantified using a forceps (a type of tweezers with teeth on the edges). The doctor grabs mucus from the cervical canal, stretches it and determines the maximum length of the resulting thread.

In the first phase of the cycle, the length of such a thread is 2-4 cm. 2 days before ovulation it increases to 8-12 cm, starting from the 2nd day after it decreases to 4 cm. From the 6th day the mucus practically does not stretch. The accuracy of this method is 60%.

Karyopyknotic index

This is the ratio of cells with a pyknotic nucleus to total number superficial epithelial cells in a vaginal smear. Pyknotic nuclei are wrinkled and less than 6 µm in size. In the first phase, their number is 20-70%, 2 days before ovulation and at the time of its onset - 80-88%, 2 days after the release of the egg - 60-40%, then their number decreases to 20-30%. The accuracy of the method does not exceed 50%.

More exact method determination of ovulation - hormonal studies. The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of using it with an irregular cycle. The level of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, and progesterone is determined. Typically, such tests are prescribed without taking into account individual characteristics, on the 5th – 7th and 18th – 22nd days of the cycle. Ovulation does not always occur during this period, with more long cycle it happens later. This leads to unfounded diagnosis of anovulation, unnecessary tests and treatment.

The same difficulties arise when using drugs that are based on changes in the level of LH in the urine. A woman must either accurately guess the time of ovulation, or constantly use rather expensive test strips. There are reusable test systems that analyze changes in saliva. They are quite accurate and convenient, but the disadvantage of such devices is their high cost.

LH levels may be persistently elevated in the following cases:

• severe stress due to the desire to become pregnant;

Ultrasound detection of ovulation

The most accurate and cost-effective method is diagnosing ovulation using ultrasound (). With ultrasound monitoring, the doctor assesses the thickness of the endometrium, size dominant follicle and the yellow body formed in its place. The date of the first study depends on the regularity of the cycle. If it has the same duration, the study is carried out 16-18 days before the start date of menstruation. If the cycle is irregular, an ultrasound scan is prescribed on the 10th day from the beginning of menstruation.

At the first ultrasound, the dominant follicle is clearly visible, from which a mature egg will subsequently be released. By measuring its diameter, you can determine the date of ovulation. The size of the follicle before ovulation is 20-24 mm, and its growth rate in the first phase of the cycle is 2 mm per day.

A second ultrasound is prescribed after the expected date of ovulation, when a corpus luteum is detected at the site of the follicle. At the same time, a blood test is performed to determine progesterone levels. The combination of increased progesterone concentration and the presence of a corpus luteum on ultrasound confirms ovulation. Thus, a woman undergoes only one test for hormone levels per cycle, which reduces her financial and time costs for the examination.

When examining in the second phase, changes in the corpus luteum and endometrium can be detected, which can prevent pregnancy.

Ultrasound monitoring confirms or denies ovulation even in cases where data from other methods turned out to be uninformative:

• an increase in basal temperature in the second phase due to a decrease in the production of hormones by the atretic follicle;
• increased basal temperature and progesterone levels with low endometrial thickness, which prevents pregnancy;
• no changes in basal temperature;
• false positive ovulation test.

An ultrasound examination helps answer many of a woman’s questions:

• does she ever ovulate?
• whether it will happen in the current cycle or not;
• On what day will the egg be released?

Changes in the timing of ovulation

The release time of the egg may vary by 1-2 days even with a regular cycle. Permanently shortened follicular phase and early ovulation may lead to problems with conception.

Early ovulation

If the release of the egg occurs 12-14 days after the start of menstruation, there is no reason to worry. However, if the basal temperature chart or test strips show that this process occurred on the 11th day or earlier, then the released egg is not developed enough for fertilization. At the same time, the mucus plug in the cervix is ​​quite dense, and sperm cannot penetrate through it. Insufficient increase in endometrial thickness, caused by a reduction in the hormonal influence of estrogens in the developing follicle, prevents implantation of the embryo, even if fertilization has occurred.

Still being studied. Sometimes it happens accidentally, in one of the menstrual cycles. In other cases, pathology may be caused by the following factors:

• severe stress and disruption of the relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in nervous system, which leads to a sudden premature increase in LH levels;
• a natural aging process in which the body produces more FSH to support egg maturation, which causes excessive fast growth follicle;
• smoking, overuse alcohol and caffeine;
• gynecological and endocrine diseases.

Can ovulation occur immediately after menstruation?

This is possible in two cases:

• if menstruation lasts 5-7 days, and against this background it occurs hormonal disbalance, early ovulation can occur almost immediately after their completion;
• if two follicles mature at different times in different ovaries, then their cycles do not coincide; in this case, ovulation of the second follicle is timely, but occurs in the first phase in the other ovary; This is associated with cases of pregnancy during sexual intercourse during menstruation.

Late ovulation

For some women from time to time ovulatory phase occurs on the 20th day of the cycle and later. Most often this is caused hormonal disorders in a complex balanced system “hypothalamus - pituitary gland - ovary”. Usually these changes are preceded by, caused by stress or taking certain medicines(corticosteroids, antidepressants, antitumor drugs). increases the risk chromosomal disorders in the egg, fetal malformations and early termination of pregnancy.

If two follicles in each ovary do not mature at the same time, ovulation is possible before menstruation.

The cause of such a failure may be breastfeeding. Even if a woman regains her period after childbirth, she experiences a long follicular phase or anovulatory cycles for six months. This normal process, laid down by nature and protects a woman from re-pregnancy.

During breastfeeding Often both menstruation and ovulation are absent for some time. But at a certain moment, the maturation of the egg begins, it is released, and it enters the uterus. And only 2 weeks after this, menstruation begins. This is how ovulation is possible without menstruation.

Often late ovulation happens too thin women or patients who have rapidly lost weight. The amount of fat in the body is directly related to the level of sex hormones (estrogens), and a small amount of it leads to delayed egg maturation.

Treatment for ovulatory cycle disorders

Anovulation for several cycles throughout the year is normal. But what to do if there is no ovulation all the time, and a woman wants to get pregnant? You should be patient, find a qualified gynecologist and contact him for diagnosis and treatment.

Reception oral contraceptives

Usually, a course of oral contraceptives is first recommended to cause the so-called rebound effect - ovulation after discontinuation of OCs is likely to occur in the first cycle. This effect persists for 3 consecutive cycles.

If a woman has taken these medications before, they are discontinued and ovulation is expected to resume. On average, this period takes from 6 months to 2 years, depending on the duration of treatment birth control pills. Conventionally, it is believed that for every year of using oral contraceptives, 3 months are required to restore ovulation.

Stimulation

In more severe cases, after excluding diseases of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pituitary tumors and other possible “external” causes of anovulation, the gynecologist will prescribe medications for. At the same time, he will monitor the patient’s condition, conduct ultrasound monitoring of the follicle and endometrium, and prescribe hormonal tests.

If there has been no period for 40 days or more, pregnancy is first ruled out, and then progesterone is administered to induce menstrual-like bleeding. After an ultrasound and other diagnostics, medications for ovulation are prescribed:

• clomiphene citrate (Clomid) is an anti-estrogenic ovulation stimulator that increases the production of FSH in the pituitary gland, its effectiveness is 85%;
• gonadotropic hormones (Repronex, Follistim and others) are analogues of one’s own FSH, causing the egg to mature, their effectiveness reaches 100%, but they are dangerous for the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome;
• hCG, often used before the IVF procedure; HCG is prescribed after the release of the egg to maintain the corpus luteum, and subsequently the placenta, and maintain pregnancy;
• leuprorelin (Lupron) is an analogue of gonadotropin-releasing factor, which is produced in the hypothalamus and stimulates the synthesis of FSH in the pituitary gland; this drug does not cause ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome;

Self-medication with these drugs is prohibited. When strictly following the doctor's recommendations and treatment in accordance with internationally recognized rules, most women manage to become pregnant in the first 2 years after starting therapy.

Auxiliary reproductive technologies

In the event that ovulation disorders cannot be corrected, assisted reproductive technologies come to the woman’s aid. However, they are associated with strong hormonal influence on the body to obtain a normal mature egg. Are used complex circuits medications. Such procedures should only be performed in specialized medical centers.

Ovulation is the moment when an egg is released from the ovary fallopian tube as a result of rupture of the dominant follicle. With a normal 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation in most cases occurs on the 14th day after the start of menstruation. The lifespan of the egg is from 12 to 24 hours. The fertile period, taking into account the lifespan of sperm in the cervix (3-5 days), begins four days before ovulation and ends within 24 hours after its onset.

Normal menstrual cycle

Follicular phase. The first phase of the cycle begins with bleeding, the average duration of which is 5 days. After this period, under the influence increased secretion estrogen, the uterine mucosa begins to recover. At the end of the phase, a dominant follicle matures in the ovary from which the egg is released.

Ovulation. In a normal menstrual cycle of 28 days, ovulation usually occurs on the 14th day and continues for 24 hours. The egg leaves the ovary and, in the hope of meeting a sperm, continues down the fallopian tube.

In most cases, a woman is not able to feel the moment of ovulation. Therefore, to determine it in medical institutions An ultrasound of the ovary is performed to determine the presence of a dominant follicle and an analysis of luteinizing hormone in the blood, which rises several hours before ovulation.

It will help to determine the onset of ovulation and the most fertile period, regardless of the duration of the menstrual cycle!

If fertilization does not occur, progesterone production decreases, the inner mucous layer of the uterus is rejected, and menstruation occurs after 14 days.

Signs of ovulation

• and breasts;
• change in the position of the cervix.

If you have problems with the onset of ovulation, you should consult a gynecologist.

A woman always monitors her cycle, and especially at the moment when she wants to get pregnant. To do this, she needs to clearly understand on what day after menstruation ovulation occurs in her particular case.

What cycle is normal?

It is possible to determine on what day ovulation occurs after menstruation mathematical methods, physical or with the help of a doctor. But first you should understand the duration of your cycle and the features of this process. To calculate female cycle, it is necessary to keep a calendar in which to mark the first days of menstruation. By calculating the number of days between marks, you can determine the duration of the cycle. The norm is 28 days, but usually it varies in the range of 27-29. For some ladies, the frequency may differ from the norm and be within 25-35 days.

Ovulation calendar

To determine the date of its occurrence using the ovulation calendar, you must enter the following parameters:

• day of last menstruation;
• duration;
• cycle size.

It is possible to enter this data only for the last two months. That is, in order to understand what day after menstruation ovulation will occur, you don’t need long time observe the body. But this calculator will not be very helpful if the girl’s life rhythm is unstable. In such a situation, calculation methods are not accurate. It's better to try others.

Ovulation tests - when to use

To determine on what day after the start of menstruation ovulation is more likely, special tests are used to determine it. They are quite affordable and work on a similar principle to pregnancy test strips. The difference is the reagent with which they are impregnated.

When the egg is released, the follicle in which it matures ruptures. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is released into the body. It is its high concentration, the so-called “burst”, that indicates the imminent entry of the cell into the fallopian tube.

The test detects the level of LH in the urine. A bright stripe on it indicates a high LH content. After which ovulation will occur after 10-12 hours.

In order not to miss the moment, measurements should be taken 17 days before the end of the cycle:

• 14 – on what day after ovulation do menstruation come (luteal phase);
• 3 – maximum possible period ovulation.

Subtracting 17 from the cycle duration, we get the day the tests started (for example, the 11th with a 28-day cycle). They need to be carried out every day or twice (if there is a chance of missing this short period) at the same time, following the instructions. You also need to limit the amount of liquid consumed for several hours so that it does not lower the level of LH concentration, and not visit the toilet 2-3 hours before the test.

Normal level Each woman's LH is different. Some women may notice a bright streak every day. This indicates constant great content LG. For this situation, this method will be ineffective.

Determining ovulation by how you feel

The best way to determine on what day ovulation begins after menstruation is to observe your sensations. In particular, the egg, leaving the ovary, breaks through its wall. A small wound is formed, which, of course, brings discomfort. It is expressed in pain in the area of ​​the ovary and lower abdomen. In this case, the ovaries work alternately, with rare exceptions. Therefore, pain can be observed on either side. Sometimes the stomach becomes a little bloated. This is also a normal reaction to the passage of an egg through the tubes. Sometimes this is accompanied by gas formation.

Besides, clear signs ovulation is considered to be imminent:

• Painful, swollen breasts - the body is preparing to reproduce.
• Atypical discharge – thick, viscous, profuse. They also differ in color - transparent.
• Increased libido. A woman is subconsciously ready for fertilization. It is observed a couple of days before ovulation.

Of course, there are changes in the level of hormones in the blood and urine, and in the cervix, but this list is enough to determine the onset of the long-awaited moment. Although, not everyone expresses them clearly and they can be missed.

What does the basal temperature chart tell you?

If a woman irregular cycle and the listed methods are not suitable for her, there is the most accurate option for determining ovulation and what day after menstruation it occurs. It is long and labor-intensive, but sometimes expectant mother there is no other choice.

It's called a basal temperature chart. Compiled based on daily rectal temperature measurements. It is better to do this in advance (from 3 months), observing simple rules:

• The beginning of the chart is the first day of menstruation.
• Measuring is the first thing you do in the morning, without even leaving your bed.
• Excessive movements can affect accuracy. It’s even worth preparing and “shaking off” the thermometer in the evening.
• During illness, it is better to postpone the measurement so as not to distort the picture.
• If you drink alcohol, you should put an explanatory note on the chart.

The schedule itself is quite simple to implement. Two coordinate axes: temperature is on the vertical part, days are on the horizontal part. Every day a point is placed in the corresponding plane. After the end of the month they are connected by a curved line.

To decipher the curve, it is necessary to return again to the process of ovulation, which is characterized by the following values:

• The normal human temperature is about 37°C.
• The egg leaves the ovary, the hormone is released, which leads to a decrease of 0.4-0.6°C.
• The end of ovulation is an increase in temperature almost to normal (but slightly lower).
• Luteal phase – normal temperature or lower by 0.1-0.2°C.
• Before the first day of menstruation – a decrease of 0.3-0.4°C.

Thus, before the next menstruation we will observe two declines, somewhat different from each other. The first, more pronounced one is our “favorable moment”. If you monitor constantly, the woman will know the day of ovulation after menstruation in advance.

Important

If “peaks” are not visible, there may be a malfunction in the body when the egg has not been produced. If this occurs repeatedly, you should undergo examination. Possible incorrect operation ovaries or other problems that are best treated at an earlier stage, so as not to subsequently deprive yourself of the joys of motherhood.

Ultrasonography

Of course, we should not forget about the most reliable method - ultrasound. The doctor will be able to monitor the development of the follicle, name a favorable day and subsequently monitor a successful conception.

Using the method that is suitable for you from all of the above, you can accurately determine the date of ovulation after menstruation.