Signs of increased eye pressure, causes and treatment. Intraocular pressure - the norm, symptoms, treatment in adults, causes and measurement of IOP

Intraocular pressure is the pressure under which the eye fluid is in the cavity eyeball. Ideally, IOP does not change, which forms stable physiological conditions for all structures of the eye. normal pressure inside the eye provides normal level microcirculation and metabolism in eye tissues.

When the pressure drops or rises, it poses a danger to normal functioning visual apparatus. Steady decline inside eye pressure called hypotension, persistent high blood pressure is characteristic of the development of glaucoma.

Unfortunately, even today, in the age of advanced medical technology, many people cannot boast of having checked their intraocular pressure at least once in their lives. It is this behavior that leads to the fact that approximately 50% of patients come to the doctor too late, when the possibilities of therapy are already very limited.

Intraocular pressure is normal in adults

Intraocular pressure usually measured in millimeters of mercury. During the day, it may different indicators. So, for example, during the day the numbers can be quite high, and in the evening they can go down. The difference, as a rule, does not exceed 3 mm Hg.

Normally, intraocular pressure in adults should be within 10-23 mm. rt. Art. This level of pressure allows you to save microcirculation and metabolic processes in the eyes, and also maintains the normal optical properties of the retina.

Increased intraocular pressure

AT ophthalmic practice most often there is an increase in IOP. Basic clinical form increased intraocular pressure is glaucoma.

Causes of this disease are:

• increased tone of the arterioles of the ciliary body;
• violation of the innervation of the vessels of the eye by the optic nerve;
• violation of the outflow of IOP through the Schlemm canal;
• high pressure in scleral veins;
• anatomical defects in the structure of the eye chambers;
• inflammatory lesions of the iris and choroid of the eye - iritis and uveitis.

In addition, there are three types of increased pressure inside the eye:

• Stable - IOP is consistently higher than normal. This pressure inside the eye is the first sign of glaucoma.
• Labile - IOP periodically rises, and then again takes normal performance.
• Transient - IOP rises once and has a short-term character, and then returns to normal.

Increased ophthalmotonus can be caused by fluid retention in certain kidney diseases, heart failure. In addition, it is caused by Basedow's disease(diffuse toxic goiter), hypothyroidism (disease thyroid gland), menopause in women, poisoning by some medicines, chemicals, tumor processes and inflammatory diseases eye, eye injury.

All of the above causes contribute to the periodic appearance of increased intraocular pressure. If the disease proceeds long enough, it can contribute to the development of glaucoma, which will require long and complex treatment.

Also a common complication of increased intraocular pressure is optic nerve atrophy. Most often, it is noted overall decline vision, up to its complete loss. The affected eye becomes blind. Sometimes, if only part of the nerve bundles atrophies, the field of view changes, whole fragments can fall out of it.

Decreased eye pressure

Low eye pressure is much less common, but it poses a much greater threat to eye health. The causes of low intraocular pressure can be:

• surgical interventions;
• eye injury;
• underdeveloped eyeball;
• retinal disinsertion;
• lowering blood pressure;
• detachment of the choroid;
• underdevelopment of the eyeball.

If left untreated, a decrease in internal eye pressure can lead to significant visual impairment. If atrophy of the eyeball occurs, pathological disorders become irreversible.

eye pressure symptoms

Let's list the symptoms increased intraocular pressure:

1. Impaired twilight vision.
2. The deterioration of vision is actively progressing.
3. The field of view is significantly reduced.
4. The eyes get tired too quickly.
5. There is redness of the eyes.
6. Intense headaches in the suprafrontal arches, eyes and temporal zone.
7. Midges flicker, or rainbow circles before your eyes when you look at the light.
8. Discomfort when reading, watching TV or working on a computer.

Now in more detail about the manifestations reduced intraocular pressure. They are not as obvious and noticeable as with an increase. Often a person does not notice changes at all, and only after a year or several years does he discover that his vision has deteriorated. And yet there are some possible symptoms related more to concomitant problems and pathologies that may allow suspecting a decrease:

1. Decreased visual acuity;
2. Visible dryness of the cornea and sclera;
3. Decreased density of the eyeball to the touch;
4. Retraction of the eyeball in the orbit.

In the absence of medical correction, this condition can cause subatrophy of the eye and complete loss of vision.

How is intraocular pressure measured?

A preventive check of intraocular pressure is recommended if necessary, as well as for people over 40 years old every three years.

A specialist can measure intraocular pressure without using any devices. This method is called palpation. The person looks down, covering his eyes with eyelids, and the doctor presses his fingers on the upper eyelids of the eyes. So the doctor checks the density of the eyes, and also compares their density. The fact is that in this way it is also possible to diagnose primary glaucoma, in which the pressure in the eyes varies.

For more accurate diagnosis intraocular pressure using a tonometer. During the procedure, special colored weights are applied to the center of the patient's cornea, the imprint of which is later measured and deciphered. In order for the procedure to be painless, the patient is given local anesthesia. The norm of intraocular pressure for each device is different. If the procedure is carried out using a Maklakov tonometer, then the norm of intraocular pressure is up to 24 mm. rt. Art., but the normal parameters of the pneumotonometer are in the range of 15-16 mm. rt. Art.

Diagnostics

To figure out how to treat intraocular pressure, the doctor must not only diagnose it, but also determine the cause of its development.
An ophthalmologist deals with the diagnosis and treatment of conditions associated with an increase or decrease in intraocular pressure.

In parallel, depending on the cause of the violations, consultations of the following doctors can be prescribed:

• therapist;
• neurologist and neurosurgeon;
• traumatologist;
• cardiologist;
• endocrinologist;
• nephrologist.

The doctor asks the patient in detail about his symptoms, and then conducts an examination of the fundus. If there are appropriate indications, the patient will be sent to the procedure for measuring intraocular pressure.

Treatment of intraocular pressure

The choice of treatment tactics depends on the cause that provoked a decrease or increase in intraocular pressure in an adult.

At increased intraocular pressure The following conservative measures can be used as a treatment:

1. Drops that improve the nutrition of eye tissues and the outflow of fluid.
2. Treatment of the underlying disease, if the increase in intraocular pressure is symptomatic.
3. With inefficiency medical methods laser treatment is applied.

Here's what you can do when decrease in intraocular pressure:

1. Oxygen therapy (use of oxygen).
2. Vitamin B1 injections.
3. Drops based on atropine sulfate.
4. Injections (subconjunctival) of atropine sulfate, dexamethasone or sodium chloride solution.

In general, the treatment of reduced intraocular pressure is to treat the underlying disease that led to the violation.

Most radical method treatment of intraocular pressure - microsurgical technologies: goniotomy with or without goniopuncture, as well as trabeculotomy. During goniotomy, the iridocorneal angle of the anterior chamber of the eye is dissected. Trabeculotomy, in turn, is a dissection of the trabcular mesh of the eye - the tissue connecting the ciliary edge of the iris with the posterior plane of the cornea.

Prevention

To avoid discomfort in the organs of the eyes, it is necessary to avoid stress and not overwork. If you need to spend a lot of time in front of the monitor screen, you should take five-minute breaks every hour. Closing your eyes, you need to massage your eyelids and walk around the room.

Nutrition is also important. Products should be fresh and healthy, you should avoid those products that can lead to the accumulation of cholesterol. In autumn and winter, it is advisable to drink vitamins.

The pressure exerted by the liquid contents of the eyeball on the sclera and cornea of ​​the eye is called intraocular pressure. An increase or decrease in this indicator entails a decrease in visual acuity. With such a problem, it is recommended to consult an ophthalmologist individually.

The norm of intraocular pressure in adults

The range of allowable values ​​of intraocular pressure varies from 11 to 21 mm. rt. Art.

Average is 16 mm. rt. Art.

The indicated figures may deviate by 7–8 mm. rt. Art., while in individual clinical cases they remain valid values. Influence the norm climatic conditions, gender, day change, etc.

The norm of eye pressure in children

indicator in childhood does not differ from data in adult patients. Normal eye pressure may increase or decrease with certain reasons. In case of violations, the child begins to have a headache, problems with vision arise, changes in psycho-emotional state. Determine etiology pathological process an ophthalmologist can, and diagnosis is carried out using tonometry. Indicators of the norm in childhood:

• full-term children: up to 1 year - 17.33 +/- 0.59 mm. rt. Art., from 1 to 3 years - 16.64 +/-0.17 mm. rt. Art.;
• premature: up to 1 year - 17.08 +/- 0.24 mm. rt. Art., from 1 to 3 years - 16.85 +/-0.23 mm. rt. Art.

With glaucoma

With this ophthalmic disease, intraocular pressure increases, but visual acuity may remain at the same level. During the pathological process, damaged optic nerve.

The greater the deviation from the norm, the more dangerous the disease.

We are talking about severe ophthalmohypertension with an indicator of intraocular pressure of 26 mm. rt. Art. There can be no normal value in case of illness. The degree of pressure in glaucoma is distinguished:

• moderately increased - up to 33 mm. rt. Art.;
• high - from 33 mm. rt. Art.

How is eye pressure measured?

To measure the pressure of the fundus, ophthalmologists use several proven methods that speed up the diagnosis, their data will help to choose a treatment regimen:

1. Palpation (approximate). Ophthalmologist presses on upper eyelid and gives an approximate assessment of the condition of the fundus. Another name for the method - finger - is inaccurate.
2. Contactless. The method is based on the use of modern tonometers, which are complex electronic devices.
3. Contact. Diagnosis is carried out using tonometers, it is painful, and there is a high probability of infection through the device.

Classification of popular diagnostic methods:

1. Electronography. It's painless and safe method changes based on increased fluid production inside the eye.
2. Tonometry according to Maklakov.

   Diagnostics is carried out under local anesthesia because the procedure delivers to the patient pain, internal discomfort.

   Special weights are placed on the eye, previously moistened in a solution of pigment dye. After examining the print obtained on a sheet of white paper. The higher the indicator, the less paint is washed off the plates.

3. Goldman tonometer. The slit lamp releases a metered volume of air at a predetermined pressure. At this time, a special sensor reads the tension of the cornea, which changes shape under the influence of the air flow. The diagnostic method is complex, it is carried out only in a hospital.
4. Tonometer Icare. Diagnosis is painless, even for children. The innovative device has a special forehead support. The working part of the tonometer is opposite the center of the cornea. For getting reliable result you need to press the button and wait a few seconds.
5. Scholz method. A special weight is applied to the eyeball, on which intraocular pressure acts from the inside. As a result, the arrow of the device begins to deviate. The obtained value is compared with the data from the calibration table. The procedure causes internal discomfort.
6. Pneumotonometry. The required measurement is made with an air jet, and the procedure is painless and lasts a few seconds. Doctors use modern equipment.

Intraocular fluid always circulates in our eye, if its amount is not normalized, then pathologies arise. Eye pressure above 22 mm Hg. considered too large, resulting in hypertension.

In general, it is necessary to measure indicators often, because if they are below or above the norm, this is the first sign of poor functioning. visual system. In this case, it is necessary to immediately find out the causes and treat the disease.

The insidiousness of eye diseases is that at the first stages they do not show obvious signs of development. A person thinks that he is tired or has injured his eye somewhere, as a result of which the pathology becomes chronic. In this article, we will talk about eye pressure, its development, symptoms, causes and methods of treatment.

What is eye pressure?

Intraocular pressure is the pressure exerted by the inner contents of the eye on the outer layer of the eye.

Eye pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Normal eye pressure range is 12-22 mmHg. Intraocular pressure greater than 22 mmHg. considered above the norm.

When the IOP is higher than normal, but the person has no other signs of glaucoma, the condition is called ocular hypertension. If the intraocular pressure is less than 8 mm Hg, then this condition is called hypotension of the eye.

Doctors advise measuring eye pressure regularly, because it can reliably tell about the normal functioning of your visual system or warn of visual impairment. Moreover, both an increase and a decrease in pressure inside the eyeball is a bad sign.

Since it is the normal value of such an indicator that contributes to the correct distribution nutrients on tissues and parts of the eye.

Eye pressure symptom

Often, patients' complaints of swelling in the eyeball, pain and discomfort are not associated with an increase in intraocular pressure. This condition is often seen in neurological diseases, an increase in blood pressure or, conversely, its decrease, with general inflammatory diseases or other eye diseases.

Office workers who spend all day in front of the computer are frequent patients of the optometrist who complain of a feeling of pressure in the eyes. This is due to visual fatigue and drying of the eyes (the so-called "Computer Visual Syndrome").

The insidiousness of the disease is that on initial stage it doesn't show up at all. Sick for a long time does not experience discomfort until the pathology causes serious changes.

Many people who experience burning, redness, or increased dryness eyes, take it as a symptom of fatigue. Because they are in no hurry to see a doctor.

Quite often, the pathology is accompanied by headache and discomfort in the eyes. However, they get tired quickly. A person is faced with discomfort during prolonged work at a computer or reading.

In addition, the symptoms of increased eye pressure include blurred vision. It is especially strong in the evenings. Many people have flies and dots before their eyes. Sometimes peripheral vision is reduced.

These symptoms may indicate the occurrence of glaucoma. When the pressure rises, it often appears acute attacks. They are characterized by such manifestations as severe discomfort in the eyes, headaches, nausea.

The pressure level increases significantly, and the quality of vision suffers. If these symptoms of high eye pressure appear, you should call an ambulance.

Heaviness in the eyes main feature high intraocular pressure. And this is especially felt when a person presses his fingers on his closed eyelids. Then you just feel the bursting in the eyes. Very acutely patients feel the problem against the background of other diseases. We are talking about a runny nose, colds, headaches.

It is worth knowing that normal intraocular pressure is from 16 to 26 millimeters of mercury. Rates vary slightly by age. If in human body failures occur, their result may be an increase in the secretion of eye fluid and an indicator of pressure inside the eyes.

Reasons for change

Small changes in eye pressure from one season to the next, or even in the course of one day, are normal.

Intraocular pressure changes with changes in heart rate or breathing, and may also be affected by exercise and fluid intake.

Intraocular pressure may be affected by exercise and fluid intake. A temporary change in intraocular pressure can cause excessive alcohol and caffeine intake, coughing, vomiting, or the strain associated with heavy lifting.

A persistent change in IOP is caused by other reasons. There are several main reasons for persistent changes in IOP:

1. Excess or underproduction intraocular fluid.
2. Excessive or insufficient drainage of intraocular fluid.
3. Some medicines may have side effect resulting in an increase in IOP.
   For example, steroid medicines, used to treat asthma and other pathologies, increase the risk of developing ocular hypertension.
4. Eye injury.
5. Other eye diseases(pseudoexfoliative syndrome, chronic inflammatory diseases of the eye, retinal detachment, etc.).
6. Eye operations.

Kinds

There are several types of increased pressure inside the eyes:

• The transient type is caused by a short-term change in the indicator and its subsequent return to its normal state.
• Labile pressure also changes temporarily with subsequent normalization, but such changes occur regularly.
• Stable high blood pressure is permanent, due to which it represents the greatest danger to humans.
• reasons similar phenomena there may be a mass from hypertension or excessive load on the eyeball, to stress or nervous strain.
• Also, the root cause of increased eye pressure may well be the presence of heart failure or dysfunction. genitourinary system at the patient.

Disorder can also provoke a similar pathology endocrine system or age-related changes body (mainly menopause in women). And sometimes the reason sharp increase pressure inside the eyeball can even become poisoning with certain types of chemicals.

Increased

This indicator changes under the influence various factors. The main causes of high eye pressure include the following:

1. Disorders in the work of the body different nature. These problems lead to the activation of the production of natural fluids in the organ of vision.
2. Violations of the functions of the heart and blood vessels. In this case, not only arterial, but also eye pressure rises.
3. Stress, physical or intellectual tension.
4. Consequences of complex pathologies.
5. Anatomical lesions of the eye.

Particular attention should be paid to the health of the organ of vision by people who have atherosclerosis or farsightedness. The same applies to those whose next of kin had such disorders.

Many people are interested in whether eye pressure can affect blood pressure. The opposite situation is usually observed, when transient intraocular pressure is the result of a jump in arterial pressure.

Cause given state there may be ordinary fatigue associated with prolonged work at the computer or watching TV.

At risk are always people with obesity and cardiovascular diseases, who have a genetic predisposition to the disease. Its symptoms depend on the intensity of the increase in pressure. If the excess of the norm is insignificant, then the condition may not manifest itself in any way.

Persistently increased pressure inside the eye is called "Glaucoma" (a disease in which, without treatment, there is a persistent decrease in vision, up to blindness). With a slight increase in indicators, the patient practically does not notice the disease until the eye becomes visually impaired or blind.

Glaucoma most often develops in people over 40 years of age (especially with unfavorable heredity - when there are relatives with such a diagnosis in the family).

In addition, the pressure inside the eye may not rise steadily, but under the influence of any internal or external factors(taking medications, against the background of high blood pressure, endocrine diseases).

In this case, they speak of "ophthalmohypertension". As a rule, intensive eye treatment in this case is not carried out, limited to observation by an ophthalmologist and elimination of the cause that caused this condition.

The main symptoms of high blood pressure:

• headaches and eye pain; Decreased field of vision
• blurred vision;
• cloudy picture before the eyes;
• poor vision at dusk and in the dark;
• downgrade peripheral vision, reducing the field of view.

Increased ophthalmotonus is divided into three types:

1. transient, in which the pressure on short term rises, and then returns to normal on its own;
2. labile, in which the pressure rises for a short time, and then becomes normal, but this happens periodically;
3. stable ophthalmotonus, in which high blood pressure becomes chronic and progresses.

In this case, treatment comes down primarily to rest, a change of scenery.

Increased eye pressure is very insidious: it can be both short-term and in this case does not pose a serious threat to human health, or permanent, when it can cause complete loss of vision.

That is why it is very important to carefully monitor your feelings and, at the first signs of an increase in eye pressure, contact a specialist who will help determine the cause of the development of the pathology and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

In order not to miss precious time and seek help in a timely manner, you need to know at least the main symptoms of increased eye pressure.

Increased eye pressure is difficult to identify at first, it is asymptomatic, but gradually a person begins to complain of fatigue, heaviness in the eyes, redness of the eyelids, throbbing pain in the temples, and so on.

Quite often, an increase in pressure in the eye leads to the destruction of the cells that make up the retina and negatively affects the metabolic processes of the eyeball.

This condition is extremely dangerous for the patient, as it gradually changes the normal functioning of the visual apparatus and can provoke the development of various diseases.

Sometimes an increase in this indicator accompanies the development of glaucoma. Considering the fact that with such a disease, the filtration angle of the visual apparatus changes, it is clear that there is a gradual increase in eye pressure inside the visual system.

Initially, the angle of view narrows, and then can close completely. By the way, such signs of pressure are accompanied by a drop in visual acuity and painful sensations inside the eye.

Reduced

Hypotension is characterized by the fact that the level of pressure on the eye is reduced to 10 mm Hg. column and below. it dangerous phenomenon and can lead to complete loss of vision. Its first sign is sharp deterioration vision.

With reduced ophthalmotonus, it is necessary to consult a doctor who will identify the cause of the disease and prescribe treatment.

The causes of low IOP are:

• detachment of the retina;
• eye injuries, foreign bodies in the eye;
• low blood pressure;
• Eyes hurt
• eye inflammation;
• liver problems;
• infectious diseases such as cholera, dysentery;
• hereditary predisposition, poorly developed eyeball;
• consequences of surgical intervention;
• diabetes.

If a person suffers from reduced pressure, then he should constantly measure his pressure, regulate it, treat it, since the IOP also instantly drops, and this can ultimately lead to loss of vision.

Patients with diabetes are also at risk. Since blood sugar regulates everything metabolic processes in the body, then jumps indicators of sugar the patient may fall into diabetic coma, while all body functions fail, including blood pressure.

On hit foreign body into the eyeball, vision deteriorates sharply, low intraocular pressure occurs, atrophy of the eyeball often occurs, so you should immediately consult a doctor and take care of your eyes.

Often, low IOP does not manifest itself in any way, so people start to see a doctor when their vision drops sharply, which complicates treatment. But there are several signs by which you can guess the presence of this disease in the body.

For example, the eye becomes dry, loses its luster, blinking causes some inconvenience, and all these symptoms appear abruptly, unexpectedly. But most dangerous factor is diabetes mellitus, so people should have their eyes checked regularly by an ophthalmologist.

Symptoms

When the deviation from the norm grows, the patient may notice the presence of headaches, more often in temporal region, pain when moving the eyeball and increased fatigue in general.

Often the most noticeable are discomfort when working in front of a computer monitor or while reading printed matter written in small print.

In especially severe cases, all of the above symptoms may be accompanied by visual impairment or redness of the eyes. Although redness may indicate other diseases of the visual apparatus.

With labile and stable ophthalmotonus, the cause may be a violation of the kidneys, failure of the genitourinary system, cardiovascular and endocrine systems.

Finding out to the end the cause of IOP can be difficult, women during menopause are also vulnerable to any diseases, including this one. Often people suffer from this disease when poisoned by various poisons, when working with toxic substances, with injuries to the eyes and head, and so on.

With reduced pressure without proper treatment, the eyeball changes, it shrinks, activity vitreous body disrupted and this also leads to blindness. As with any disease, it is best to prevent it.

To do this, you need to consult with an ophthalmologist, and in case of pathology, the doctor will prescribe complex treatment which must be strictly followed.

Eye pressure standards

The most widely used method today is "pneumotonometry" - measuring intraocular pressure with the help of special equipment that acts on the human eye with the help of a jet of air. In this case, there is no contact with the surface of the eye, there is no likelihood of infection and discomfort on the part of the patient.

The value of eye pressure obtained in this way ranges from 10 to 21 mm Hg. (depending on the manufacturer of the measuring device).

Another common way to measure eye pressure is with weights (according to Maklakov). The method is more accurate, but requires the use of anesthetics (it is possible to develop allergic reaction), contact of cargo with the surface of the eye (there is a possibility of infection).

The normal values ​​​​of eye pressure with this method of measurement are from 15 to 26 mm Hg. There are also other methods, but they are not so common.

The reason for the change in balance can be:

1. Application various techniques measurements;
2. Age;
3. Measurement time;
4. Hypertonic disease;
5. High stress on the eyes.

Sometimes an increase in eye pressure is normal. In such a situation, an increase is observed in the morning, and by lunchtime the indicators become normal. The lowest pressure is observed at night.

It is also worth remembering that different people this figure is different. But if the error exceeds 5 mm Hg, this is an alarming symptom.

Diagnostic methods

• Maklakov's tonometer. Palpation.

An experienced optometrist can determine the increase in pressure by performing palpation through the eyelids.

Maklakov's tonometer. Thanks to the application this method the specialist applies a drop anesthetic, after which he applies a metal load weighing 5-10 g to the cornea. Then an imprint appears on the load. It is transferred to a special paper with a scale. Depending on the size of this imprint, the pressure is estimated.

• Non-contact tonometry.

This method does not involve contact with eye cornea. The measurement of eye pressure is called tonometry. Tonometry is of two types:

1. Contact tonometry
2. Contactless tonometry

If you have a low or high IOP as a result of tonometry, then you may need additional eye examination to identify the causes of these changes.

Treatment of the symptom of "eye pressure"

Used to eliminate pathology various methods- it depends on the stage of the pathology. Exercises for the eyes With the preservation of the function of the organ of vision, apply available funds. The patient must systematically perform the following actions:

• Do exercises for the eyes;
• Use special moisturizing drops;
• Avoid traumatic sports;
• Wear safety goggles;
• Reduce the time of working at the computer and watching TV;
• Avoid activities that require eye strain.

Treatment should be aimed at eliminating the cause that caused the patient's complaints. If the pathology is in the eyes, then an ophthalmologist deals with it (glaucoma, inflammatory diseases, etc.) - at the same time, as a rule, appropriate eye drops.

For glaucoma - drugs that reduce intraocular pressure, for inflammatory diseases - antibacterial eye drops. If a we are talking about computer vision syndrome - moisturizing eye drops, vitamins for vision, gymnastics.

The physiotherapeutic effect on the eyes also relieves both the sensation of eye pressure and helps to maintain visual functions with its true increase (glaucoma).

The most advanced portable eye device in this moment are “Sidorenko Glasses” - a device that can be used at home and combines 4 methods of exposure at once - color pulse therapy, phonophoresis, vacuum massage and infrasound.

Only a specialist can determine the cause that caused the sensation of "eye pressure". He also prescribes treatment. Therefore, if you have these complaints, it is recommended to consult an ophthalmologist.

When choosing an eye clinic, it will not be superfluous to pay attention to the level of specialists and equipment, which will allow you to identify the problem and prescribe the appropriate treatment. This allows you to avoid complications and quickly solve the problem.

It is important to choose an eye clinic where you will really be helped, and not “brushed off” or “pulled” money without solving the problem.

Fluctuations in intraocular pressure that do not affect vision do not need to be drug treatment. Pressure eye drops are used in case of ocular hypertension or hypotension. Local treatment as eye drops from pressure is often the first remedy for normalizing the pressure of the eye.

Pressure eye drops are often the first treatment for pressure within the eye.

Patients with severe and permanent change intraocular pressure required surgical methods treatment. It can be both laser surgery and intraocular surgery. Basically, the choice of treatment depends on the cause that led to the change in eye pressure.

Treat eye hypertension should be in the first place, finding out the cause of its occurrence. So if the underlying disease of the patient is the cardiovascular system and so on, then you need to bring it back to normal.

If the cause of increased ophthalmotonia is an eye disease, then the doctor prescribes treatment. For glaucoma, the doctor prescribes drugs such as pilocarpine, travoprost, and others. With inflammation of the eyes, the ophthalmologist prescribes antibacterial drops.

With constant sitting in front of the computer, that is, a computer syndrome manifests itself, the doctor prescribes moisturizing drops, such as vizin, oftolik and others. They relieve fatigue from the eyes, moisturize them, and they can also be used independently.

How aids use eye gymnastics, drink vitamins. When the disease is advanced, the patient is prescribed a microsurgical operation or is treated with a laser.

Treatment of eye pressure directly depends on the causes that provoked it. Often, drops come to the rescue that can increase the outflow of fluid and provide eye tissues with additional nutrition.

If medical therapy fails to resolve this problem and shows its complete failure, then the patient can be assigned laser correction pressure. Sometimes effective enough surgical intervention microsurgical nature.

Medical therapy

Is my intraocular pressure within the normal range or not? Why is it dangerous?
It's always good to know important facts about your body's health parameters, especially when it comes to vision. The main task of every person is to save good vision for life, which is impossible to do with problems with intraocular pressure. We understand together the norms of eye pressure.

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The concept of normal in the body

What is your weight? And what is the blood pressure? Is it normal, too much or too little? For these parameters of our body there is no exact number, there is a range normal values, and there is an average figure, which occurs most often in this range. The same points are true for (abbreviated - IOP).

In this article, we will look at 7 main facts about the norm of eye pressure, and you answer yourself - when did you take an interest in yours?

Attention, look.

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What is normal eye pressure?

The range of normal values ​​of eye pressure is from 11 to 21 mm. rt. Art. The average eye pressure is 16 mm. Individually, these figures may deviate by 7–8 mm. People living in different climatic zones have approximately the same eye pressure. An interesting fact is that ophthalmologists note seasonal differences. In summer, they suggest taking away, and in winter, on the contrary, adding 1 mm Hg. Art. to eye pressure.

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What if my eye pressure is within normal limits?

A generally recognized fact by all ophthalmologists is an eye pressure of 21 mm. - this is upper bound norms. It is very important to understand here that the results are highly dependent on the method of measuring eye pressure. For example, when measuring while lying down, the level of eye pressure will be 1-4 mm higher than when measuring while sitting.

Eye medicines

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Does eye pressure change with age?

Eye pressure depends on age. The highest value is in newborns, then gradually decreases until the age of 10.

From the age of 20 there is a tendency for a slow increase in pressure, and after 70 - a slight decrease. This is all fair to healthy eyes, in which these fluctuations are 1.5–2 mm.

Compare eye pressure in men and women is normal Pay attention to the table of eye pressure norms for men and women. In women, normal eye pressure is slightly higher than in men. On average, this difference is 0.5 mm Hg. Art.

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What affects eye pressure?

Eye pressure depends on the time of day. It is at its highest in the morning. In 80% of people, the peak of the rise in eye pressure is noted from 8 am to 12 noon. IOP decreases in the evening and reaches a minimum at night. At healthy person these fluctuations should not go beyond 3-5 mm Hg. Art. during the day.

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The pressure in the right and left eye is different - is this normal?

The pressure of the right and left eyes may differ, the so-called asymmetry. Normally, this difference should not be more than 4 mm Hg. Art.

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When the pressure is elevated - what is this disease?

High eye pressure is the main problem in glaucoma. More than 90% of glaucoma treatments are aimed at reducing it. It has been proven that a decrease in IOP by 25% from baseline provides a two-fold reduction in the risk of blindness in glaucoma.

The insidiousness of glaucoma is that eye pressure within the normal range can also be combined with glaucoma, then they talk about glaucoma low pressure. The paradox is that high blood pressure may not cause any processes and symptoms, and the person will have good eyesight.

Expert opinion "All about vision"

Many serious eye diseases occur with an increase in intraocular pressure. Doctors call this symptom ophthalmohypertension. The only way to find out why is after a thorough examination.

The intraocular fluid exerts pressure on the walls of the eye. This is called eye pressure (ophthalmotonus, intraocular pressure, IOP).

The ratio of formation and outflow of aqueous humor forms the pressure inside the eye. To understand what normal eye pressure is, you need to understand the anatomy visual organ.

The chambers of the visual organ are filled with aqueous humor. It is a clear liquid similar in composition to blood plasma. Aqueous moisture is produced by the cells of the ciliary body. The function is to maintain the spherical shape of the visual organ, refraction of light rays, metabolic exchange. Moisture flows mainly through the trabecular meshwork.

Intraocular pressure increases with excessive synthesis or impaired outflow of intraocular fluid. The norm of eye pressure is 10–21 mm Hg. Art., in women is usually higher by 1 mm Hg. Art., than in men.

A normal phenomenon is changes in eye pressure during the day: in the morning, IOP is 2–3 mm Hg higher. Art., than in the evening. In one eye, IOP can differ by 4–6 mm Hg. Art.

A slight decrease in eye pressure during pregnancy does not require treatment. It is associated with a decrease in blood pressure. During pregnancy, consultations with an ophthalmologist are mandatory. The doctor will monitor the condition of the woman, if necessary, select a safe treatment.

In newborns, the pressure inside the eye is increased. By the age of 10, it gradually decreases, and from the age of 20 it begins to grow again. After age 70, IOP decreases. In women due to hormonal adjustment during menopause, there are drops in IOP. Eye pressure is normal in people of different ages (50, 60, 70 years, etc.) you will learn from the table.

Classification

Eye pressure readings may be higher or lower than normal. Changes can be unilateral or bilateral. Elevated IOP can be classified according to different criteria.

By frequency:

• Transient (single).
• Labile (periodic deviations of indicators from the norm).
• Stable (always high).

For reasons:

• Primary (age deviations from the norm in people after 40 years).
• Secondary (due to diseases of the eyes or internal organs).

According to changes in the anatomical structure:

• Ophthalmohypertension. There is an increased IOP in the absence of changes in the fundus.
• Glaucoma. This is a disease of the organ of vision, accompanied by the appearance clinical symptoms, changes in the fundus.

By degree of increase:

• Normal (10-21 mmHg).
• Moderate increase (up to 28 mm Hg).
• High IOP (more than 28 mm Hg).

Watch a video about increased pressure in the eyes:

Symptoms

Increased and decreased intraocular pressure is accompanied by the occurrence clinical manifestations. Signs of altered intraocular pressure in adults are nonspecific, may indicate other eye pathologies. In children, the symptoms are erased, pathology can be suspected indirectly when the child's vision deteriorates or during a physical examination.

High eye pressure is manifested by symptoms of fullness, discomfort or pain when moving the eyes. Fatigue and redness of the eyes, flickering flies, decreased sharpness and narrowing of the visual fields are characteristic. There may be headaches in the temples and forehead.

Reduced IOP is manifested by a gradual deterioration of vision, the eyeball changes shape, decreases in size, sinks. The eye loses its natural luster, dryness of the conjunctiva appears.

How to check the level of eye pressure?

Medical treatment

Therapy for elevated IOP includes several groups of drugs. It is recommended to start with one. If necessary, add drops from another group, or replace the drug with a combined one. Popular drugs that lower IOP:

• Beta-blockers reduce the production of aqueous humor: Timolol, Betoptik, Okumed.
• Cholinomimetics improve the outflow of moisture by constricting the pupil: "Pilocarpine".
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce the synthesis of intraocular fluid: Trusopt, Azopt.
• Prostaglandins improve the outflow of eye fluid: Xalatan, Glaumax, Glauprost, Travatan.
• Combined drugs: Xalacom, Fotil, Kosopt.

With reduced IOP, Atropine eye drops are prescribed. The effect of vascular-strengthening tablets "Ascorutin" and vitamins of group B "Neuromultivit" will improve the effect.

Surgical intervention

If the effect of drug treatment is absent, the symptoms persist, progress, then the doctor comes to the decision that it is necessary to perform an operation. Surgical treatment is aimed at the formation of improved drainage of aqueous humor.

• An iridotomy is the creation of a hole in the iris.
• Iridectomy is the removal of an area of ​​the iris.
• Trabeculoplasty is the creation of outflow pathways for eye fluid.

Operations are performed using a laser machine. The recovery period is short, the risk of complications is minimal.

Folk remedies

At home, you can use folk remedies. Change in intraocular pressure - serious symptom which can lead to vision loss. That's why folk treatment permissible with the permission of a doctor in combination with drugs.

Short-term increase in IOP strong tea, coffee, physical exercises, plentiful drink. To reduce IOP, there are several recipes with herbal ingredients.

• Golden mustache helps to remove the plant's high eye pressure. It is used in the form alcohol tincture. Method of preparation: for 2 weeks, leave the crushed golden mustache in 0.5 liters of vodka. Shake the container periodically. It is recommended to take orally 2 tsp. on an empty stomach in the morning.
• Meadow clover. For making infusion meadow clover pour 1 tsp. herbs in a glass of boiling water. Leave to insist. After cooling, strain the infusion and drink every day before going to bed for 1 month.
• Motherwort. Recipe for a decoction of motherwort: add 1 tbsp to half a liter of water. l. motherwort. Boil for at least 7 minutes over low heat. Cool and strain. Ready broth take inside 1 tbsp. l. three times a day.
• Mint. To reduce IOP, the use of mint drops is effective. Method of preparation: stir 1 drop of peppermint oil in half a glass boiled water. It is enough to instill drops 1 r / d
• Aloe. To wash the eyes, you can prepare a decoction of aloe. To do this, pour 5 medium-sized sheets of aloe with boiling water. Then simmer for 5 minutes over low heat. Cool the broth, then use for washing every 6 hours.
• Potato. Raw potatoes can be used as a compress. Grate 2 pieces on a fine grater, mix with 10 ml of 9% table vinegar. After half an hour, the mixture is ready for use. Wrap the gruel in a gauze napkin and apply to closed eyelids for 20 minutes.

Complications and prognosis

High or low eye pressure is a pathological condition that requires treatment. Reduced IOP leads to atrophy of the eyeball, disruption of its functions. Increased eye pressure is more than dangerous, because it can cause complications:

• Deterioration visual functions, blindness.
• Increase in ICP.
• Frequent headache.
• Removal of the organ of vision.

Prevention

Lowered head position contributes to an increase in IOP, so avoid such positions. When cleaning, use a mop, when working on garden plot use garden tools, use a high pillow for sleep.

Normal pressure inside the eye is facilitated by the implementation of general recommendations:

• Vitaminized food. Reduce consumption of sweet, salty, tea, coffee, alcoholic beverages.
• Walks in the open air.
• Moderate physical activity.
• Exclusion of heavy physical exertion.
• Reducing the time spent in front of the monitor.
• Performing gymnastics for the eyes during the intense work of the organ of vision.
• Visiting an ophthalmologist at least once a year.
• Treatment of chronic diseases.

If your eyes hurt high blood pressure contact an ophthalmologist immediately. A single increase in IOP is not dangerous. A stable increase is a sign of glaucoma, and treatment is required to prevent vision loss. The doctor in the early stages will detect changes in the fundus, select medications that you can use at home.

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