Food poisoning symptoms in children 3 years old. The main differences between a bacterial intestinal infection and food poisoning

Poisoning in a child is a fairly common disease. It occurs more frequently in children than in adults children's body has not yet learned to cope well with harmful substances that provoke poisoning.

Toddlers often do not follow the rules of hygiene, forget to wash their hands before eating, can pick up from the ground and swallow something spoiled or even poisonous.

When a child is poisoned, the symptoms and treatment are what primarily worries the mother. To find out exactly what it is food poisoning, and not any other, you need to know the signs.

The main causes of the disease

Often the cause of food poisoning is pathogenic microorganisms: E. coli, staphylococcus, salmonella, etc. Once in food, harmful microbes begin to multiply rapidly and release toxins. If the baby eats such products, it is highly likely that he may be poisoned.

The child's body is extremely sensitive to harmful substances. Food that an adult may not react to in any way can cause an acute reaction in children. Therefore, you need to be selective in choosing foods for feeding. It is worth being careful with dairy products (especially ice cream and cottage cheese), eggs, fish, meat, pates. It is impossible to completely exclude these products from the diet, but you should carefully monitor compliance with the rules for storing and preparing food. In case of food poisoning, parents should know what are the symptoms of food poisoning in children and how to treat them.

Entry of toxic substances into the body

Often, poisoning occurs due to the fact that the child could eat dangerous mushrooms or fruits (poisonous berries, seeds poisonous plants), the poison of which is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream, causing severe poisoning.

Mushroom poisoning is extremely dangerous. Moreover, in children, the cause of toxicosis is often not only poisonous mushrooms (pale toadstool), but also considered quite edible. They accumulate salts of heavy metals, therefore it is better not to feed them to children at all.

Incorrect storage of food, eating food after the expiration date, insect contamination - all this can adversely affect health.

Asymptomatic period of the course of the disease

Period from hit harmful bacteria in the body before the first signs appear, it can last from half an hour to several days. Most often, the manifestation of the first symptoms occurs within the first two days after eating low-quality food. The sooner the reaction to harmful substances, the better. If the symptoms of poisoning appeared less than an hour after eating a suspicious dish, a stomach reaction followed. If the symptoms of food poisoning are observed in children after 4 hours or more, the toxins have already appeared in the intestines.

Poisoning in a child is a complex of symptoms that develop in the body as a result of the ingestion of a certain amount of biological or chemical toxins. In this case, poisons can enter not only through the intestines, but also by inhalation, and by absorption through the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.

In children, and especially those under the age of one, toxins are absorbed faster and spread throughout the body faster. This is due to the rich blood supply to the organs, as well as a more intense metabolism than in adolescents and adults. Therefore, his life often depends on the speed with which the baby will be helped even before the arrival of the doctor. Our task is to explain what to give the child and what not to do.

Types of poisoning in children

In order to properly provide emergency care, you need to know what the child was poisoned with. There are such types of poisoning:

1. food (they are called toxicoinfections)
2. medical
3. poisonous plants (for example, mushrooms)
4. chemical: household chemicals, poisons for insects or animals, alkalis, acids
5. inhalation: for example, carbon monoxide.

Consider the most common of them: their manifestations and activities before the ambulance arrives.

food poisoning

This is a condition that has developed when hit in digestive tract the child is not the microbes themselves, but their toxins. Usually these are waste products that their owners are able to produce during their lifetime (exotoxins), but there may also be toxins that were released when bacteria died in food. This is an important difference between poisoning and dysentery, salmonellosis and other intestinal infectious processes.

Food poisoning is:

• staphylococcal toxic infection, which usually develops with the use of dairy products, products with confectionery cream
• botulism
• consumption of foods with a high content of pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli
• proteus infection and others.

Food poisoning is sometimes referred to as eating inedible mushrooms, but we will consider this topic separately.

Symptoms of food poisoning

Consider the signs of food poisoning on the example of poisoning with dairy products - staphylococcal intoxication. This pathology develops with the use of milk from cows with mastitis, products with cream (this is especially common in children 3, 4 and 5 years old), soufflé, meat salads.

In children under one year, poisoning is especially difficult:

• the child becomes so lethargic, drowsy, that it is difficult to wake him up
• he develops severe vomiting
• after taking even a minimal amount of water or food, vomiting immediately appears
• diarrhea - at first fecal, then only water
• elevated temperature.

In children at 3-5 years old, the symptoms are almost the same, but drowsiness and weakness usually do not come to the fore as in babies. They occur ¼ - 1 day after using a low-quality product. They are often mistaken for signs

rotavirus infection

But when helping a child, they quickly regress, which cannot be said about gastroenterocolitis caused by the ingress of living microbes.

Signs requiring emergency medical care

1. drowsiness
2. indomitable vomiting
3. streaks of blood in masses of vomit or stool
4. dyspnea
5. decreased amount of urine
6. decreased body temperature
7. dark urine.

What to do for households

Emergency assistance is as follows:

• enema with cool water and with a sorbent (for example, smectite): at 1 year you need about 70 ml of water, at 2 years - 120-150 ml, at 3 years - 200 ml, at 4 and 5 years - about 250-300 ml
• give crushed activated charcoal: up to 1 year - 1 tablet, at 1-3 years - 2 tablets, at 3-6 years - 4 tablets, from 6 years old you can drink 10-12 crushed tablets per day. Calculation - 500 mg per 1 kg of the child's weight
• it is possible to wash the stomach in a restaurant way only from the age of 6 in the amount of 10 ml per 1 kg of the child's weight. To do this, you need to dissolve a few crystals of potassium permanganate on the tip of a knife in warm water so that a slightly pink solution is obtained; then cool it, drink a certain amount and induce yourself to vomit
• you can eat only after 4-5 hours, if only an appetite has appeared (you need to follow a diet, which is described below)
• what drink: boiled water, bottled water without gas, Oralit, Regidron, Human electrolyte solutions, such a solution: for 1 glass of water 1 tsp. salt and 4 tbsp. Sahara
• what to take - to give an antibiotic or not, the arriving doctor will decide.

Such assistance cannot be provided one year old baby or younger, and also if the baby is very drowsy or, conversely, pronouncedly excited.

After suffering poisoning: diet

What can you eat after poisoning. On the first day, 3-4 hours after the symptoms subside, nutrition is vital only for a child up to a year old and a one-year-old. He is given milk formulas (preferably lactose-free) in small volumes or breast milk if the nursing mother has not eaten a toxic product.

If such a baby refuses to eat, hospitalization is necessary in an infectious diseases hospital, where he will be given a feeding tube. What should not be given: those dishes that were introduced into complementary foods.

How to feed a child at 2 years old 3-4 hours after the relief of symptoms:

• you can mix milk
• rice water
• liquid mashed potatoes on the water
• rice or oatmeal cooked in water
• not very sweet and weak black tea
• white bread croutons
• no dairy products
• vegetable soups without frying and without meat.

For children 3 years old, the diet may be the same. At 5 years old, the food is the same, but the drinking regime is expanding: you can drink a decoction of chamomile and rose hips, weak green tea.

You can expand the diet only from 5-7 days. After such poisoning, the development of symptoms of dysbacteriosis in children is likely.

Drug poisoning

If you find a child in a strange (depressed or agitated) state of consciousness, he has nausea or vomiting, the cause of this condition may be self-administered medications. This is also indicated by the absence of temperature, the rapid onset of symptoms.

What to do in this case:

• call an ambulance
• lay the baby down with the head up
• provide him with an adequate supply of oxygen
• take off clothing that might compress him
• with nausea - turn your head to the side so that the contents of the stomach do not enter the respiratory tract
• all the time to make sure that the tongue does not sink, pushing forward lower jaw(if the child is unconscious)
• if necessary, perform artificial heart massage and breathing.

First aid for poisoning with pills is carried out only by the medical staff of the ambulance or hospital - in some cases, provoking vomiting, drinking plenty of water or other means can do harm. How to help the baby before the doctor arrives, you should be explained by phone after the name of the medicine you took.

Poisoning with vasoconstrictor drops: Naphthyzinum, Nazivin

The active substance of naphthyzine is naphazoline nitrate, nazivin is oxymetazoline. The first drug is more toxic. 10 mg naphthyzinum - lethal dose for one year old baby and baby up to 2 years old.

Both drugs act on the receptors not only of the nasal vessels, narrowing the latter, but also have a systemic effect:

• depress the brain
• cause bronchospasm
• increase heart contractility
• cause the conversion of glycogen from the liver into glucose.

The first manifestations of poisoning are as follows:

1. anxiety
2. nausea
3. vomit
4. increased heart rate
5. dyspnea.

If a lot of the drug has been taken, the child becomes sluggish as a rag, the heart rate slows down. Consciousness can be oppressed to a coma with respiratory arrest.

What to take for a child:

1. activated charcoal or smectu in an age dosage
2. if the child is over 5 years old and is conscious, emergency care is in gastric lavage with ordinary cool water without potassium permanganate
3. soldering is not possible.

Calling an ambulance in case of poisoning with naphthyzinum or nazivin is mandatory from the first minutes after a suspected overdose of the drug. It is impossible to refuse hospitalization in a multidisciplinary children's hospital, since the condition is life-threatening.

Acetone poisoning

This substance is found in both paint thinners and nail polish removers and varnishes themselves.

The lethal dose taken orally is 2-3 ml per 1 kg of the child's weight. But it is also possible to get poisoned by inhaling acetone vapors, and with its abundant absorption from the skin.

Symptoms of acetone poisoning:

• dizziness
• unsteadiness of gait
• weakness
• drowsiness (up to coma)
• dyspnea
• from the mouth - the smell of acetone
• eye redness
• ulcers on the oral mucosa.

First aid for this condition or an algorithm of what to do:

1. phone for medical help
2. if the child is conscious and over 5 years of age, flush the stomach with water, inducing vomiting
3. in case of poisoning with acetone vapor, smectite or activated charcoal, as well as an enema, are useless, but if the agent was taken orally, these agents are very important
4. if acetone gets on the skin, it must be washed with a large volume of cool tap water
5. give honey or sugar in the form of a large number concentrated solution.

Carbon monoxide poisoning

This situation can happen in a fire. She is also dangerous because carbon dioxide, binding to hemoglobin, blocks the possibility of connecting the latter with oxygen, and the fact that hot air during a fire causes burns of the respiratory tract.

How to help the child before the arrival of the resuscitation children's team (that is, you need to call the ambulance first):

1. eliminate exposure to carbon monoxide (take it out of the burning room into fresh air)
2. provide oxygen supply
3. unbutton or remove clothing that can squeeze the neck, stomach, chest
4. make sure that the tongue does not sink
5. in the absence of breathing, help - breathing mouth to mouth or nose.

mushroom poisoning

This is very dangerous view poisoning, which can lead to death after a short amount of time.

It depends on which mushrooms were consumed, in what dose, whether there was a simultaneous use of alcohol (this greatly aggravates the situation).

Help for acute mushroom poisoning begins to be provided by the ambulance resuscitation team and continues in the hospital.

The first signs that the mushrooms contained poison appear within half a day or earlier after eating the mushrooms.

It can be severe drowsiness, weakness, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, severe pain in the abdomen, due to which an erroneous diagnosis of dysentery in a child can be made.

Later, convulsions may develop, the voice disappears, consciousness is disturbed. Yellowing of the skin, darkening or absence of urine are signs of damage to the liver and kidneys.

The most dangerous mushrooms are pale grebe, which can be mistaken for champignons. Amanitas are less dangerous, and when using russula, milkers or pigs, the prognosis is the most favorable.

In any case, the life of the child depends on the speed of assistance:

1. Call an ambulance, reporting that mushroom poisoning has occurred
2. Rinse the stomach of a child of any age who is conscious: give cool water to drink (possible with potassium permanganate) in a small amount, and then, turning his head to the side, press on the root of the tongue, causing vomiting
3. Activated carbon or smecta - are required in the age dosage
4. Enema with cool water - simultaneously with gastric lavage
5. The antibiotic penicillin is an antidote for poisoning with pale toadstools. If it is, it should be given orally at a dose of 1 million U/kg of body weight, then it will be administered intravenously.

An acute situation of mushroom poisoning is a condition in which an hourly mandatory medical and laboratory assessment of the child's well-being is necessary. It is with the use of mushrooms that are toxic to the liver and kidneys that the baby can feel satisfactory while these organs are dying.

If after mushroom poisoning there was a recovery, for another six months you will need to follow a special diet:

• avoid fried, spicy, smoked foods
• meat - only boiled, and only in small quantities
• salt - as little as possible
• fresh vegetables, fruits and berries are prohibited
• what to feed: cereals (except pearl barley and millet), mashed potatoes, vegetarian soups without frying, low-fat sour-milk products (cottage cheese is especially important for liver restoration).

doctor advises

Poisoning in a child is a complex of symptoms that develop when toxic substances come into contact with the skin, mucous membranes, and the digestive tract (they can also be drugs in excess dosage) with their subsequent absorption into the bloodstream. Diarrhea and vomiting in these cases - defensive reactions and you don't need to stop them. Having provided access to oxygen and a normal position of the body, you need to call an ambulance team, before the arrival of which, perform the actions that the dispatcher will describe to you.

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In the course of life, every person has personal experience with poisoning. Food poisoning in a child is especially common, since a fragile body still weakly resists many infections and poisons that cause intoxication. The task of parents is to prevent the disease, and when it occurs, recognize the symptoms in time, identify the cause, and organize treatment under the supervision of a doctor.

Symptoms and signs

The onset of symptoms of food poisoning in most cases begins suddenly. Depending on the severity of the lesion, the symptoms of poisoning will also differ:

1. With a mild form, lethargy, lack of appetite, allergies in the form of minor swelling and rash, sometimes a feeling of nausea and vomiting are observed. Light degree may have hidden form a course in which parents rarely associate the child's moodiness with poor health. In such cases, pay attention to additional features: rapid pulse and breathing, pale skin, dry mouth, low blood pressure, dark color and a small amount of urine.
2. A more severe form causes severe pain in the abdomen, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, liquid stool and chills due to fever. In such cases, it should be of particular concern persistent vomiting and watery diarrhea, in which there are remains of undigested food with traces of blood and mucus. Vomiting and diarrhea quickly dehydrate the body, which in the absence of timely treatment can cause irreversible consequences.

Typical signs and symptoms of poisoning can occur both an hour and a day after eating contaminated foods.

Most serious symptom poisoning - infectious-toxic shock, in which the patient is urgently hospitalized.

Causes

Poisoning is the reaction of the body to the penetration of a toxin or pathogen into it. Pathology is conditionally divided into intoxication with chemicals and food, which include the following types of poisoning:

1. When eating poisonous plants and animals.
2. When toxic chemicals enter the body.
3. Ingestion of toxic infection or microbial poisoning.

List of dysfunctional foods

There are the most unfavorable products, the use of which often causes the occurrence of food poisoning. These include:

1. Milk and milk products, including ice cream and cottage cheese.
2. Fish and sea products.
3. Eggs, especially raw and damaged shells.
4. Meat and products from it, especially meatballs, pates, jelly.
5. Cream confectionery.
6. Root vegetables and greens for salads.

Giving children ready-made salads prepared in supermarkets and other similar eating places is dangerous and risky. In this food, analyzes almost always show increased content salmonella, E. coli and staphylococcal infections.

First aid

If you find signs that indicate poisoning in a child, you need to call a doctor, and then provide first aid yourself. Urgent measures to help in case of poisoning are to carry out the following procedures:

An enema, consisting of cool water and a sorbent dissolved in it (for example, Smecta). Depending on age, its volume is as follows (ml):

• At 1 year - 70;
• B 2 - 120-150;
• At 3 - 200;
• From 4 to 5 - 250-300.

Apply crushed activated charcoal. Depending on age, the dose will be as follows (tablets per day):

• Up to 1 year - 1;
• 1-3 years - 2;
• 3-6 years - 4;
• More than 6 - 1-12.

Gastric lavage with a solution of potassium permanganate is permissible from the age of 6 years, with a volume of liquid at the rate of 10 ml / kg of weight. The solution is prepared by adding several crystals of the substance to warm water until a slightly pink solution is obtained, which is cooled, drunk and vomited.

The first meal is possible after 4-5 hours in the presence of appetite, while observing a special diet used in case of poisoning is mandatory.

The use of boiled or bottled water without gas, solutions of Regidron, Humana, Oralit.

Keep the child calm and do not give any food.

The decision on the need for antibiotics is made only by the doctor.

The above first aid measures are not allowed to apply to a child under the age of one year, as well as if he has an excited or drowsy state.

In what cases is it necessary to see a doctor?

After the onset of symptoms of food poisoning, many parents try to cope with the disease on their own.

But in case of acute manifestations and malaise, it is impossible to risk it.

If a child has the following signs, calling an ambulance is mandatory.

These symptoms indicate that the child has been poisoned and is in the acute phase of the disease, while he needs urgent help doctor and hospitalization.

1. With difficulty breathing and a feeling of lack of air.
2. In the presence of a sharp or dull pain in the lower abdomen.
3. When the body temperature rises above 38 ° C after poisoning or falls below normal.
4. With persistent vomiting or diarrhea.
5. Decreased amount and dark color of urine.

The ambulance team, which arrived on call, will determine the nature of the poisoning and carry out the necessary medical measures, and if necessary, send the patient to the clinic for additional diagnostic procedures, after which treatment begins.

Basic treatment

First aid can only relieve general state child when he was poisoned, but not to cure him. Depending on the type and severity of symptoms of poisoning, the doctor prescribes the appropriate treatment, carrying out certain procedures, applying medications and special diet. When treating at home, proven folk remedies will help shorten the recovery period.

Medicines

Treatment of poisoning in children is carried out using the following medicines.

Sorbents

• Enterosgel. Prescribed for food poisoning food allergies, infectious food poisoning that accompanies diarrhea and vomiting, as well as in the complex treatment of dysbacteriosis. The drug cannot be used to treat poisoning in acute intestinal obstruction. Price 370-430 rubles;
• Smekta. It is used for diarrhea and its complex treatment. Contraindicated in case of allergy to the drug, and intestinal obstruction. Price 155-170 rubles;
• Polyphepan. Designed to remove poisons from the body in case of intoxication caused by food poisoning and ingestion of intestinal infections. The drug can not be treated with anacid gastritis, intestinal atony, exacerbations of ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract, intolerance to the drug. Price 65-15 rubles.

Probiotics

• Lactobacterin. It is used for acute intestinal infections, chronic dysbacteriosis, and nonspecific ulcerative colitis. Contraindicated in hypersensitivity, candidiasis, and for the treatment of newborns. Price 155-200 rubles;
• Bifiform Baby. It is used as a dietary supplement and a source of probiotic microorganisms. Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the drug. Price 480-605 rubles.

Antibiotics

Treatment with this type of drug is prescribed to children very rarely - in 10% of the total number of diseases. For this, agents with a high level of safety and increased effectiveness against intestinal infections are used. These include:

• Cefix. The children's form of the drug is available in the form of a powder or syrup, and is effective against all bacteria that cause acute poisoning in children. The tool can not be treated with hypersensitivity, porphyria, and under the age of 6 months. Price from 720 to 1040 rubles;
• Nifuroxazide. Intestinal antiseptic, intended for the treatment of inflammation and poisoning, accompanied by diarrhea. For children, it is available in the form of a suspension, which can be used with one month old. Contraindicated in case of increased susceptibility to nitrofurans and their derivatives. Price from 140 to 26 rubles.

Folk ways

It is possible to alleviate the symptoms of food poisoning and reduce the rehabilitation time with the help of folk remedies, but after prior consultation with a doctor. To do this, use the following recipes:

1. Ginger decoction. Prepared by pouring 1 tsp. young ginger with boiling water and infusing it for 3 minutes. Drink the remedy every hour for 1 tsp.
2. Altey. It is prepared from two tablespoons of the crushed root of the plant and a glass of boiling water by insisting for 30 minutes. After straining, a little honey is added to the infusion. Take 4 times a day for 1 tsp.
3. Cinnamon tea. Effective in poisoning with meat products and fish. It is customary to make tea by boiling several sticks of raw materials in water for 5 minutes. Drink 2 cups of hot decoction.
4. Rice broth. Helps relieve symptoms of poisoning and nausea, after which vomiting disappears. Prepared by boiling round washed rice for more than 1 minute. The ratio of rice to water is 1:5. The decoction is taken several times a day.
5. A decoction of gentian cross-leaved. Helps to improve the functioning of the digestive tract, after use, the feeling of nausea and vomiting disappears. Prepared by mixing, boiling and insisting for 3 minutes crushed gentian root and a glass of boiling water. Poisoning can be treated only with a fresh decoction three times a day, 1 tbsp. l.
6. A decoction of the color of chamomile and marigold. It is prepared by brewing 1 tsp in 1 liter of water. dry raw materials. Strained broth is taken warm, dividing daily dose- 1 glass for several doses.
7. Decoction oatmeal. 2 tbsp. l. flakes are poured with water and boiled for 5 minutes. After straining, the decoction is drunk 5 times a day.

We offer you to watch a video on the topic of food poisoning in children

Other actions

Showering has been found to be an effective method for reducing the symptoms of food poisoning. Toxins are able to exit through the skin with sweat. They are removed by periodic flushing from the body of the child. Relief brings massage, which must be done for 4 minutes. in the upper part of the neck and back, and the area above the navel.

Diet for poisoning and after

After the child has been poisoned, the mucous membrane of his stomach is affected, and the intestinal walls are injured by diarrhea and vomiting. The task of a special diet after the defeat of the gastrointestinal tract is the maximum possible removal of irritation. To do this, first of all, sorbents are used that neutralize the action of toxic substances, and large volumes of water-salt solutions. In the first 2 days, the baby is kept on a strict "starvation diet", after which he will have to endure a long period of rehabilitation.

During the first day, 3-4 hours after the symptoms begin to subside, food is vital for children aged one year and younger. They are fed formula milk, preferably lactose-free, or breast milk, provided the mother does not consume a toxic product.

The refusal of the child to eat food leads to the need for his hospitalization in a hospital and the installation of a probe to make artificial feeding.

After the age of 2 years, 3-4 hours after the severity of the symptoms is relieved, children are allowed to feed the following foods:

1. Make rice water.
2. Dairy blends.
3. Liquid mashed potatoes, oatmeal or rice porridge cooked in water.
4. White bread croutons.
5. Vegetable soup prepared without meat and frying.
6. Weak and not very sweet black tea.

At 3 years old, the diet after poisoning is the same as at 5 years old, but with an extended drinking regimen: weak green tea, rosehip and chamomile decoction are allowed.

Expand the diet, starting from 5-7 days.

Volumetric and useful video material on the topic

Prevention

Acute poisoning in children in most cases occurs with poor-quality heat treatment of food, the adoption of contaminated water and non-compliance with hygiene rules. To avoid food poisoning in children, it is enough to adhere to the following rules:

1. To make high-quality culinary processing of food.
2. Always control the quality of drinking water and food.
3. Observe the basic sanitary standards when using dishes and cooking.
4. Disinfect household waste, contaminated water, feces and body fluids in a timely manner.
5. Observe quarantine at home and in educational institutions. Protect children from contact with infectious patients.

poisoning in childhood refers to diseases that are even more common than the common cold. To prevent poisoning in children, you need to carefully monitor their leisure time, do not leave poisons and toxins in accessible places, and follow preventive measures to prevent food poisoning.

If poisoning in a child could not be prevented, at the first sign an ambulance is called, waiting for which, the baby is given first aid.

Note!

The presence of symptoms such as:

• smell from the mouth
• stomach ache
• heartburn
• diarrhea
• constipation
• nausea, vomiting
• belching
• increased gas production (flatulence)

If you have at least 2 of these symptoms, then this indicates a developing

gastritis or ulcer.

These diseases are dangerous by the development of serious complications (penetration, stomach bleeding etc.), many of which can lead to

LETHAL

exodus. Treatment needs to start now.

Read an article about how a woman got rid of these symptoms by defeating their root cause. Read the material ...

Treatment of food poisoning in children

Food poisoning in children treatment involves immediate, that is, at the first sign of malaise in the baby, you need to try to do a wash. The sooner toxins are removed from the body, the less serious consequences will be for the health of the baby. Please note that for children under one year old, gastric lavage is most often done in a hospital or at home in the presence of a doctor. Children are shown rinsing with warm boiled water in this calculation:

• Age from 8 months to a year - 20 milliliters of water per kilogram of weight.
• Age 2 years - 5-6 years - 15 milliliters per kilogram of weight.
• Children from 6 years to 14 years - 10 milliliters per kilogram of weight.

As a rule, after drinking a liquid, the baby vomits, which should not be scared, this is a normal physiological reaction, so the body tries to “cleanse itself”. If there is no vomiting, the liquid pours out of the mouth, this is a typical phenomenon for very young children, or for severe toxic infection. In such cases, call immediately ambulance. "Washing" in a hospital setting will be done more skillfully, possibly with the help of intravenous drip solutions.

Regardless of what type of food poisoning in children belongs to, treatment requires the use of sorbents. There is an excellent sorbent preparation - Enterosgel, which is available in the form of a paste and is indicated for use even for infants. In addition, if the baby's food intoxication is caused by poisoning of a nursing mother, then the mother should take the appropriate dose of the enterosorbent. You can also use Smecta or activated charcoal, which is indicated for children over 7 years old.

Treatment of food poisoning in children is carried out with the help of hydration procedures, i.e. plentiful drink. Exist effective method to replenish lost fluids and prevent hypovolemic shock, this oral solution prescription was recommended by the WHO back in 1960:

• 1 glass of purified or boiled water (250 ml).
• Three quarters of a teaspoon of salt.
• 3-4 tablespoons of sugar.
• 1 glass freshly squeezed orange juice(it can be replaced with a glass of water with the addition of soluble vitamin C).

Thus, the resulting solution (500 ml) contains all the necessary substances to restore the water balance in the body. This recipe is suitable for children over 4-5 years old; Regidron's solution will be more suitable for babies. You need to drink in small sips, often, for the entire time that intoxication lasts. Each time you need to prepare a fresh drink.

It should be noted that food poisoning in children is treated and stationary conditions. If the symptoms of intoxication are obvious, develop quickly, you should not hesitate, but immediately consult a doctor.

Helping a child with food poisoning

Help consists in immediate action, careful monitoring of the baby's condition and calling emergency care for threatening symptoms (uncontrollable vomiting, diarrhea, cyanosis of the face, lips). The algorithm of actions for intoxication is standard:

1. Drinking regimen to avoid dehydration
2. Sorbents that absorb toxins and remove them from the body
3. Strict diet during the entire period of poor health. In this sense, it is better to starve than to overfeed.

Helping a child with food poisoning involves replenishing the fluid lost with diarrhea and vomiting. It can be a pharmacy drug, for example, Regidron, or water-salt solutions prepared by yourself. Children over 5 years old can be given a decoction of chamomile, weak green tea, a rosehip decoction. Food in the first two or three hours is categorically excluded, after acute symptoms subside, you can give vegetable light soups, rice broth, crackers, cereals cooked in water. The diet must be observed for at least a week, and sometimes two weeks after the onset of toxic infection. If signs of intoxication become threatening, you should immediately call an ambulance, before her arrival, you should make a list of all symptoms, think about possible reason poisoning (this will help to establish a diagnosis faster), collect the necessary things in the hospital. You can not give antibiotics that fix the stool drugs, such self-medication can only worsen the condition of the baby.

Food poisoning is caused by pathogenic microbes and bacteria that colonize spoiled foods and leave poisons in them. The causative agents of the disease can be toxins of streptococci, staphylococci, various kinds coli, salmonella, clostridia and many other representatives of the "fauna" invisible to the human eye. Under favorable conditions - high humidity and temperatures ranging from 5°C to 60°C - bacteria multiply at a rate that is hard to imagine. In one hour, a whole enemy legion can grow from one bacterium. Symptoms of food poisoning in children tend to come on suddenly, shortly after eating the suspicious food.

Types of food poisoning

There are three main types of poisoning.

• Poisoning when chemicals enter the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Requires specific treatment and emergency ambulance.
• Poisoning by poisonous plants, mushrooms, animals, fish. It also requires specific treatment and emergency ambulance.
• Microbial poisoning by spoiled, contaminated products. This is actually food poisoning.

How to distinguish food poisoning from an acute intestinal infection

Table - Comparative characteristics diseases

First symptoms

There is no such person who has not encountered food poisoning at least once in his life. In children, toxicoinfection is more common. This is due to the physiological immaturity of the body, low protective functions, non-observance of elementary rules of personal hygiene and sanitary norms. Signs of food poisoning in children are familiar to many parents firsthand, but from their own experience.

• Nausea. It all starts with nausea. In this way, the body signals the entry of toxins into the digestive tract.
• Vomit. The body then makes the wise decision to get rid of the toxins. Vomiting starts.
• Stomach ache. May manifest as cramps or spasms. In everyday language, this is called - "twisting in the stomach." Bloating, rumbling in the abdomen can join the pain.
• Diarrhea. Diarrhea usually appears after abdominal cramps. Can be single or multiple.

The first symptoms of poisoning in a child occur within two days after eating a suspicious dish. It depends on the type of toxin, its amount, metabolic rate. Within half an hour, the child may begin nausea and vomiting. This means that the stomach has reacted. If the reaction occurs after 4 hours or later, the toxin has entered the intestines, the liver and pancreas respond. How faster body react, the less intoxication will be.

Home care principles

How to treat poisoning in children? Two main points are taken into account: get rid of toxins and eliminate the risk of dehydration. Everything else the child's body will do itself.

Artificially induce vomiting

Gastric lavage is advisable to do at the first suspicion of poisoning, when the child begins to feel sick. To speed up and facilitate the process, the baby should be allowed to drink two glasses of warm boiled water (or as much as possible) in order to stretch the stomach as much as possible and induce vomiting. If the child is old enough, he himself can put two fingers in his mouth and provoke vomiting. If the baby is unable to do this on his own, you can help him by lightly pressing a spoon on the root of the tongue. Why is it so important to induce vomiting at an early stage of poisoning? Toxins will not have time to be absorbed into the blood, then the malaise will end quickly. The next morning, the child may be completely healthy.

Give activated charcoal

Activated charcoal - the main and most safe medicine from poisoning for children and adults. This versatile sorbent neutralizes toxins in the digestive tract. The dose is calculated according to the formula: for 1 kg of weight 1 g of activated carbon. If it gets more worse for a child it won't come from it.

Hungry pause

important point in therapy. The first sign of poisoning is refusal to eat, loss of appetite. You can not force a child to eat if he does not want to. It is useful to starve on the first day of poisoning, or at least skip a few meals. As a rule, children themselves, when they feel better, ask for food. The appearance of appetite is a symptom of recovery. It is important to know that for babies, especially small and premature babies, hungry pauses are not suitable.

Plentiful drink

If food intake should be limited, then the opposite is true with drinking. As often as possible, children should be offered fluids. If toxins have managed to be absorbed into the blood, they need to be “washed out” from the body. More fluid means more frequent urination. How and what to drink a child?

• Liquid temperature. It is important that the drink has body temperature. This ensures the rapid absorption of fluid into the blood.
• receive frequency. Soldering a child in case of poisoning is a troublesome business that requires time and attention. It is necessary to offer a drink every 10 minutes, or even more often.
• Fractional drink. Within an hour, the child can drink two glasses of liquid, but not in one gulp, but in small sips. This is the essence of fractional drinking. This principle allows the liquid to be quickly absorbed, not to stretch the walls of the stomach and does not cause vomiting.
• rehydration solution. If the child is poisoned, you need to give him special electrolyte solutions to drink. The most famous commercial names of drugs are Regidron, Hydrovit, Trihydron, Reosolan, Oralit and others. These funds will help restore the water-salt balance in acute diarrhea and vomiting. They are sold in pharmacies without a prescription in powder form, which must be diluted according to the instructions.
• How to prepare a solution at home? In 1 liter of boiled (cooled) water, dilute 2 tbsp. spoons of sugar, 1 teaspoon of salt and 1 teaspoon of soda.
• What can replace the solution? There are situations when a child completely refuses to drink a rehydration solution. You have to offer him what he wants. And be guided by the principle: at least something is better than nothing at all. You can replace the solution with compote, chamomile decoction, weak unsweetened tea, juice, water. Even carbonated drinks can be used, as long as the child drinks.
• What to do if you can't get drunk? This is a question, rather, not a medical one, but a pedagogical one. Parents can solve this problem in different ways: coercion, blackmail, threats, promises. What is important to know? Long persuasion and lost time can lead to dehydration with acute diarrhea and vomiting. If parents are powerless and unable to help the child at home, you need to call an ambulance. There is no other way out.

Do not self-medicate

The task of parents is to properly provide first aid. Medicines for poisoning in children are prescribed by a doctor. It is strictly forbidden to give the child antibiotics, antiemetics, antidiarrheals, painkillers on their own. Firstly, it can harm health and complicate the process. Secondly, the symptoms will disappear, by which the doctor can establish the true cause of the disease and make an accurate diagnosis.

Diet Features

The diet for poisoning in children is similar to the diet for all intestinal infections with acute diarrhea and vomiting.

Primary requirements

• Mashed, crushed food.
• Fractional portions.
• Increase the frequency of receptions up to 6 times a day.
• Cooking technology: boiling, stewing, steaming or in the oven.
• Feeding on Demand: Give food on demand, but do not overfeed.

Approximate power scheme

• First day. When a child is sick and vomits, he is not up to food. The benefits of a hungry pause have been mentioned above.
• Second day. With mild forms of poisoning, the next morning, yesterday's patient can be like a cucumber. His appetite returns with a vengeance. But this does not mean that he should eat everything. The diet after poisoning in children should be observed with the same strictness as at the time of poisoning. You can offer: cereals on the water (buckwheat, rice, oatmeal), mashed soups, mashed potatoes without milk and butter.
• The third day. You can add croutons, biscuits, baked apples, dairy products (low-fat cottage cheese and biokefir).
• Fourth day. Turns on protein food animal origin: dishes from lean fish, turkey, rabbit, veal.

Diet after poisoning

What can a child eat after poisoning? It often happens that children refuse the food they are poisoned with: and do not eat fish, meat or eggs for a long time. It is necessary to offer children other options for dishes, but culinary experiments should not be carried out. During the week you need to sit on a diet.

• Food should be light, freshly prepared. The best option is a variety of cereals.
• You can not fried, fatty, spicy, smoked, pickled.
• All types of canned foods are excluded.
• It is possible and necessary to offer fermented milk products to restore the intestinal microflora.
• Juices, fresh fruits and vegetables are given last, in a small amount.
• It is better to dry fresh bread, temporarily exclude sweets.

In general, the diet after poisoning should be vegetarian so as not to burden the digestive system. To restore the work of the digestive tract, the doctor may recommend taking enzymes. Their intake will facilitate the digestion of dairy products, food of animal origin.

Under what conditions to seek medical help

An experienced pediatrician will say that with any, it would seem, easy course food poisoning in children should be sought medical care. The most harmless situation may result in unpredictable consequences. But there are a number of signs and conditions under which the help of a doctor is necessary without doubt and thought. When does it happen?

• Food poisoning in a child under 3 years of age. Under close attention should be infants whose diet already contains complementary foods. In infants, dehydration from diarrhea and vomiting can be life threatening.
• There is no improvement within 24 hours in a child older than 3 years. If it doesn’t get better, then the process of intoxication continues. There may be other causes of acute diarrhea and vomiting.
• Unable to drink. The reasons may be different: profuse vomiting interferes or the child reacts to the intake of liquid with vomiting, is naughty, refuses to drink. If in the next few hours attempts to solder were unsuccessful, you should immediately consult a doctor.
• Signs of dehydration. First and main feature- no urination for 4 hours or more. Urine is dark and Strong smell. In addition, the child develops weakness and lethargy, the skin, tongue and oral mucosa become dry.
• Temperature in case of poisoning in a child. Temperature appearance - good sign. This means that the body has defense mechanisms for the rapid suppression of toxins. The temperature does not appear immediately, but when pathogenic microbes are in the intestines. A low temperature, as a rule, is not knocked down so that the body naturally dealt with poisoning. At poor tolerance temperatures give antipyretics until the doctor arrives. Why is a doctor needed? Fever and increased sweating lead to even more fluid loss along with vomiting and diarrhea. The doctor will help to establish whether there are signs of dehydration, whether the temperature is a symptom of an acute intestinal infection etc.
• Yellow skin tone, yellow sclera of the eyes. These symptoms may indicate problems with the liver, pancreas, hepatitis.
• Rash. If there are rashes on the skin of any nature and localization, they must be seen by a doctor.
• Blood in stool and vomit. Even slight streaks of blood serious occasion to see a doctor.
• Signs of botulism. The causative agent of this severe infectious disease is a botulism bacillus that develops without access to oxygen and releases a strong poison. Most often, botulinum toxin accumulates in canned foods. Main symptoms: confusion, confused, slurred speech, double vision, blurred vision, difficulty swallowing. Botulism is dangerous nervous system may lead to respiratory paralysis and lethal outcome if emergency medical care is not provided in time. If botulism is suspected, the child is hospitalized. Treatment consists of prompt administration of anti-botulinum serum.
• Poisoning in the children's team. If signs of toxic infection appeared not only in your child, but also in other children in kindergarten or students at school - an alarm signal, in some way an emergency. This event should not be left without the attention of the sanitary and epidemiological station. Parents have the right to apply directly to the sanitary and epidemiological service. But it is better to do this through a doctor. The pediatrician has a specific instruction, a form of documents that are submitted to the sanitary and epidemiological station for an epidemiological examination.
• poisoning of the whole family. In this case, you need to call not only the pediatrician, but also family doctor. Circumstances may develop in such a way that all relatives will lie down, there will be no one to solder the child. And you need to do this every 10 minutes. If there were mushrooms on the menu, without hesitation, you need to seek medical help. By the way, mushrooms can be offered to children not earlier than 7 years, in small quantities. And even better - do not give them at all, because this is a heavy product.

Prevention: 5 main principles

To prevent poisoning, you need to follow basic rules. Which ones?

1. Rely on intuition. It is in every person by nature to feel bad, spoiled food. If the food seems suspicious in color and smell, do not eat it yourself, let alone offer it to children. This caution should be taught to the child himself. Most often, poisoning occurs after taking meat, fish and dairy products, egg dishes, confectionery with oil and protein creams.
2. Hygiene. Washing hands before eating, after walking and using the toilet is sacred. But you need to do it right: lather for 15-30 seconds, then rinse thoroughly.
3. Contact with contaminated food and household items. When raw and cooked foods come into contact, cross-contamination with pathogenic microbes and bacteria often occurs. How to avoid it? There should be separate boards for cutting meat and fish. It is also necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the table, refrigerator, dishes.
4. Heat treatment. Toxins of pathogenic microbes and bacteria die at temperatures above 60°C. Fresh fruits, berries and vegetables can be poured over with boiling water, especially if they are offered to small children on the road or on vacation. With particular strictness, you must follow the rules for the heat treatment of meat, fish, eggs and milk.
5. Terms and conditions of storage. The temperature in the freezer should be below 15°C and in the refrigerator below 5°C. Outside the cold, the dish can be no more than an hour in summer and no more than two hours in winter. You can not eat expired products, buy food at unauthorized street vendors.

Food poisoning is much more common in the summer, during holidays, vacations, travel. Preventive measures at this time must be observed with particular rigor.

What to do if a child is poisoned? The principle of treatment at home is simple: rinse the stomach and drink to prevent dehydration. It is also important to know under what circumstances medical and emergency emergency care is needed.

Every person in their life at least once faced with such unpleasant phenomenon like poisoning. According to statistics, food poisoning in children is much more common than in adults, since it is difficult for a fragile body to resist most infections and poisons that cause intoxication. Parents should be proactive this kind diseases, but upon detection of the first symptoms of poisoning, identify the cause of its occurrence, and, under the supervision of a doctor, take therapeutic measures.

Types of food poisoning in children

Accepted in pediatrics next classification food poisoning:

• Infectious. Caused by microbes and toxins.
• Non-infectious. It develops as a result of the ingestion of salts of heavy metals or toxic products of plant or animal origin.

The clinical course of food poisoning has 3 stages:

Causes of food poisoning in children

The main culprits of food poisoning are most often pathogenic microorganisms. It can be E. coli, and staphylococcus, and salmonella. When pathogenic microbes enter food, their active reproduction begins. The situation is complicated by the fact that harmful bacteria produce toxic substances in large quantities. If such a product appears in the baby's stomach, it is likely that poisoning cannot be avoided.

The resistance of the child's body to the penetration of foreign microbes is extremely low. Foods that an adult will not react to in any way can provoke an unpredictable reaction in a child. Therefore, selectivity in the choice of food is so important. Dairy products, eggs, fish and meat must be present in the diet, but when using these products, you must be careful: follow the rules for storage and preparation.

There are times when children unknowingly eat dangerous mushrooms or fruits of poisonous berries. Poisonous substances instantly enter the bloodstream, thereby causing severe poisoning. Mushrooms pose a huge danger, and not only poisonous ones. Everyone knows what consequences an eaten pale grebe can turn into. However, even harmless fungi that have accumulated salts of heavy metals in themselves often cause vomiting and diarrhea in a child.

Neglect of food storage rules, use of expired products, non-compliance with elementary sanitary standards - all this can result in food poisoning.

For clinical picture poisoning in children characterized by suddenness. It happens that a seemingly completely healthy child for no reason suddenly becomes pale, lethargic and whiny. This state can be explained by the fact that the causative agent of toxic infection launched its violent activity in intestinal tract. Delay in providing first aid threatens the rapid spread of toxins throughout digestive system which leads to a severe condition.

When the following symptoms urgent need to call an ambulance:

• Severe diarrhea, accompanied by sharp pain in the abdomen, and incessant for more than two hours. With loose stools mixed with mucus and blood, immediate hospitalization is required.
• Profuse vomiting. With an acute inflammatory nature of intoxication, vomit comes out, as a rule, at least once an hour.
• Drinking liquid provokes vomiting.
• Accelerated pulse.
• Skin turned pale, lips turned blue.
• Severe discomfort.

Symptoms of poisoning that also require medical attention, but you can just call the pediatrician at home:

Emergency measures for food poisoning

What to do when a child is poisoned? Until a baby with signs of food poisoning is in the hands of medical professionals, parents should first of all carry out the maximum detoxification of the poisoned organism. There are many ways to perform it, the main thing is to choose the most optimal one, taking into account the age of the baby. So, before the doctor arrives at home, the patient is provided with the following assistance:

The measures described above can only slightly improve the general condition of the patient when he has severe intoxication, but will not cure him completely. Depending on the type and severity of the symptoms of food poisoning, the doctor will develop an appropriate treatment strategy, including the implementation of certain procedures, taking medications and following a special diet. When treating at home, recipes will speed up recovery traditional medicine.

Main treatment: drugs for poisoning

Sorbents:

Probiotics:

• Lactobacterin. It is intended for the treatment of acute intestinal infection, chronic dysbacteriosis and nonspecific ulcerative colitis. Reception is not recommended for hypersensitivity to the drug and thrush. It is forbidden to give to newborns.
• Linex. Required for recovery intestinal microflora broken as a result of food poisoning. The product contains bifido- and lactobacilli. Suitable for the treatment of poisoning in children of any age.
• Bifiform Baby. Used as a biological active additive and a source of probiotic cultures. Contraindicated in hypersensitivity.

Antibiotics:

• Cefix. Children's uniform antimicrobial drug available as a powder or sweet syrup. The medicine is effective against many bacteria that cause poisoning in a child. It should not be given to children under six months of age.
• Enterofuril. Antibacterial agent, destroying E. coli, while maintaining healthy microflora intestines. It is allowed to give to children older than a month.

Only in rare cases, poisoning in a child is treated with antibiotics. Statistics show that this is only 10% of the total number of diseases. High level security and increased efficiency against intestinal infection - the main criteria for choosing an antimicrobial drug.

Traditional medicine recipes for poisoning

To relieve symptoms of intoxication and reduce rehabilitation period you can use advice folk healers . Before using any folk remedy, you should consult your doctor.

Diet for poisoning

The main requirements for a diet for intestinal infection with acute diarrhea and vomiting:

• Food must be crushed using a grater.
• Follow the principle of fractional nutrition.
• Increase the frequency of meals to at least 5 times a day.
• Products are boiled, stewed or cooked in a double boiler.
• Exclude from the diet fried, fatty, spicy, smoked and pickled dishes, sweets.
• Freshly prepared food should be light. Forget about canned foods for a while. From fresh vegetables, fruits and juices should be discarded until complete recovery.
• To normalize the balance of intestinal microflora, the child is offered fermented milk products.
• Replace fresh bread with soft breadcrumbs.

Prevention measures

Food poisoning can be prevented, observing the basic rules for the prevention of poisoning:

Food poisoning in children is not uncommon. Intoxication in children is diagnosed more often than in adults. How does poisoning occur in a baby, how can it be helped?

Reasons and features

Food poisoning is an intoxication that occurs as a result of eating poor quality food with the presence of pathogens or their toxins. Food intoxication is divided into two types.

Types:

• Infectious. It occurs as a result of the penetration of harmful bacteria into the body and the spread of their toxic waste.
• Non-infectious. A similar type of overdose occurs as a result of eating poisonous plants, berries, vegetables and fruits, drugs

Why development is possible unpleasant symptoms?

Factors:

1. Expired products,
2. Cooked meals in violation of technology,
3. Poorly washed or processed fruits and vegetables,
4. Improper food storage.

The most common poisoning in children occurs in summer time and in the first month of autumn. Babies are more prone to various diseases than adults. Food intoxication in children has certain characteristics and can occur in a more severe form than in an adult.

Why is it harder:

• The liver is underdeveloped and is not able to get rid of toxins in full,
• The gastric secret has a low acidity, which opens up access to the body of pathological microorganisms,
• The intestinal microflora is not fully formed, is subject to frequent disturbances,
• In childhood, the kidneys are not able to filter negative substances to the full extent.

These factors lead to the fact that in children, poisoning develops more often and is more difficult with the occurrence of adverse effects.

Manifestations of poisoning and stages

How does food poisoning manifest itself in children? What is recommended for parents to pay attention to in time to provide the child with the required assistance?

Symptoms of poisoning develop quite quickly, often the first signs appear half an hour after poisoning. The child has nausea, vomiting, feeling unwell, pain in the stomach and head.

There are several stages in the development of food poisoning. Each of them is characterized by the presence of certain symptoms.

Stages:

1. No symptoms. This stage lasts from half an hour to a day after taking a low-quality product. The baby may have apathy, weakness, lack of appetite, increased sweating.
2. Gradually, the penetration of a toxic substance into the blood occurs, the presence of the first symptoms of food poisoning in a child is noted.

What happens:

• Nausea, urge to vomit,
• Headache,
• Dizziness,
• Paleness of the epidermis
• elevated body temperature,
• Lack of appetite,
• Painful sensations in the abdomen
• Dryness of the skin,
• Strong desire to drink
• Low pressure,
• bowel disorder,
• Availability in feces blood, mucus,
• dark urine,
• violation of the respiratory process,
• The occurrence of seizures
• Coma.

Depending on the cause of poisoning, different symptoms appear. The duration of this stage sometimes reaches six days.

Recovery stage. This stage is characterized by the normalization of the functionality of the body. Unpleasant sensations persist for several days.

The occurrence of signs of food poisoning in a child requires careful attention and a mandatory visit to a medical institution.

First aid for food poisoning in a child

If you notice unpleasant symptoms in a child, you need to call a medical professional. Before his appearance, the baby is given first aid at home.

If the child is not one year old, then it is impossible to self-medicate and help him in case of poisoning at home. Babies under three years of age are treated in a medical setting.

What to do:

1. The baby is provided with peace, laid on its side, making sure that it does not choke on vomit,
2. In the presence of vomiting, it is not stopped so that the body gets rid of the toxic substance on its own,
3. Carry out gastric lavage with warm water with a dissolved spoon of soda (the product is not used in babies under five years old),
4. The gag reflex is provoked by pressing on the root of the tongue,
5. After cleansing the stomach, a small patient is given - Smecta, Enterosgel.

After first aid in case of poisoning, the patient is taken to medical institution for further treatment.

Further treatment at home

If the poisoning is mild degree and occurred in a child over the age of three years, then treatment can be carried out at home. It includes a set of actions that help to quickly normalize the functionality of all systems.

Actions:

• For normalization water-salt balance in the body, it is recommended to give the victim a remedy. It is recommended to use the remedy one to two spoons every ten minutes. In the absence of the drug, it is allowed to use folk recipe- Sugar, salt and soda are mixed in a liter of water in a ratio of 2/1/1. Ready drink is offered to the child in small portions, but often.
• The use of sorbents in poisoning to quickly remove toxins from the body is a necessity. Such substances help to reduce the absorbability of the poison and contribute to its excretion. In childhood, it is allowed to use,.
• After the cessation of the gag reflex, it is allowed to take medications with probiotics. Medicines will help restore the intestinal microflora, normalize digestion, and help speed up recovery. Children are allowed to give Linex, Acipol.

When treating at home, there are some limitations.

Restrictions:

1. Do not use antibiotics on your own
2. Before taking sorbents, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional,
3. Conduct self-treatment in children under three years of age,
4. Use antiemetics and medications to treat diarrhea.

Proper treatment at home leads to a quick recovery.

Drinking and nutrition during intoxication

Food poisoning is accompanied by diarrhea and vomiting, which leads to dehydration. Replenishment of the required amount of fluid is a necessity in such intoxications. The child is encouraged to give more liquids in small portions.

What is possible:

• Rosehip decoction,
• rice broth,
• weak tea,
• still water,
• Medicines aimed at restoring water and salt balance.

The amount of liquid is calculated based on the weight of a small patient - up to 200 ml is required per kilogram of weight. Water regime observe until the cessation of vomiting and diarrhea.

In case of poisoning, they follow a special diet. From the diet remove all foods that can cause irritation of the stomach. The first few hours after the first aid procedures, you can not eat. Gradually they switch to a sparing diet - foods should be grated, not greasy, not fried or smoked. The baby should eat up to seven times a day in medium-sized portions. Bread products and milk are prohibited.

Many parents are wondering what to feed their child in recovery period? What can you eat?

It is permissible to include vegetable broths, liquid cereals, boiled meat in pureed form, mashed potatoes without milk in the diet. Sour-milk products will be useful, they have a beneficial effect on the condition of the stomach and intestines. This is what you can eat the baby after poisoning.

Proper nutrition is observed for a couple of weeks. It is not allowed to eat sweets, smoked meats, fried foods, marinades, raw vegetables and fruits.

Methods for the prevention of intoxication

Food poisoning in a child delivers a lot of negative sensations. To avoid such cases, it is recommended to adhere to certain preventive actions.

Actions:

1. Children need to be taught about hygiene, washing hands more often,
2. Prepare food in clean rooms, in clean utensils and clean equipment,
3. It is good to process fruits and vegetables, meat,
4. Do not give children food with blood (steaks),
5. Control the expiration date on products
6. Monitor the child, avoid eating suspicious foods and dishes.

Food poisoning in a child is diagnosed quite often. Parents should not panic, they need to provide first aid to the injured baby and visit a medical facility. It is possible to avoid food intoxication with the observance of preventive measures.

Video from Dr. Komarovsky about food poisoning in a baby

Food poisoning in a child is a set of pathological symptoms that occur when eating poisonous or spoiled foods. In medical terminology, there is a definition of "toxic infection", which combines all the causative factors of food poisoning (defeat pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, or a combination of both). Since the children's body is still quite weak, even mild poisoning can cause serious damage. Therefore, at the first signs of poisoning, you should immediately give the child first aid.

If the reason pathological condition are intestinal infections, doctors call such poisoning "dirty hands disease", as they are transmitted by contact with dirty objects or hands. Often food intoxication occurs when a child plays with dirty toys.

To provoke an intestinal infection caused by E. coli, can expired or low quality dairy products such as yogurt or kefir. And staphylococci, which are also capable of causing illness, can actively multiply in various cakes or creams. Pathogens can enter the human body along with contaminated foods (unwashed vegetables and fruits, meat products, eggs and chicken meat). Some pathogens are spread by rodents that have had contact with food stored in the basement. If you drink unboiled milk, raw water, eat fermented milk products or berries with vegetables, then dysentery may begin, which will provoke the appearance of signs of food poisoning.

What pathogens can cause poisoning

There are many pathogens that can cause poisoning. Below are the most common ones.

Table. Microorganisms capable of causing food intoxication.

This is not the whole list of pathogens that can cause serious food poisoning. But in most cases, this unpleasant condition can be avoided by observing the rules of personal hygiene and the technology for preparing meat dishes.

Classification of the clinical condition

The clinical manifestation of this pathological condition in a child is divided into several main stages, including latent (not manifested in the form of any signs), toxicogenic and convalescence. Let's consider all these stages in more detail:

• asymptomatic. It continues from the moment of infection with a toxin until the first signs of intoxication appear. The length of the latency period may vary depending on individual characteristics patient and his age, type poisonous substance, as well as the rate of its absorption;
• toxicogenic. Continues from the onset of the first symptoms of food poisoning until complete cleansing child's body from toxic substances. The duration of the toxicogenic stage directly depends on the effectiveness of the treatment, therefore, for a quick recovery, timely identification of the toxic substance and its further elimination is necessary;
• convalescence. This is the name of the period of recovery of functions impaired as a result of poisoning. First of all, it concerns the immune, excretory and digestive functions.

Note! Food poisoning in children can be infectious (caused by various microbes and their metabolic products) and non-infectious (occurs against the background of poisoning with poisonous products of animal or vegetable origin).

Characteristic symptoms

With food poisoning, symptoms may not appear immediately after eating a spoiled product. Typically, this may take several hours.

When the intestines are affected by Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and other pathogenic microorganisms, the child has the following symptoms:

• bouts of nausea and vomiting;
• frequent diarrhea (in rare cases - loose stools with mucus impurities);
• temperature increase;
• painful sensations in the abdomen, which are acute;
• the appearance of cold sweat, which is pronounced on the lower and upper limbs of the child;
• loss of appetite or its complete loss;
• increased drowsiness, general weakness of the body;
• bacterial damage to the body is often accompanied by blanching of the skin, which is noticeable even with elevated temperature body.

Poor appetite is one of the symptoms of poisoning

On a note! In a severe course of food poisoning, a child may experience more than dangerous symptoms, for example, infectious-toxic shock (lowering blood pressure under the influence of toxic substances). In this case, the patient needs emergency medical care.

First aid

How can I manage or relieve signs of food intoxication in young children? To do this, several key points must be taken into account. Primarily, in case of poisoning, you need to cleanse the body of toxins and prevent dehydration providing the patient enough liquids. Then the body itself will do everything.

Invoking Vomit

At the first sign or even suspicion of food poisoning, the baby's stomach should be washed. Therefore, if nausea occurs, the child should be given boiled water to drink (about 400 ml or as much as he can drink). Such manipulation will allow you to stretch the stomach as much as possible, which will contribute to the occurrence of vomiting. To empty the stomach in older children, it is enough to put two fingers in the mouth to induce vomiting. Parents can help to do this by lightly pressing on the root of the tongue with their fingers.

What is the importance of inducing vomiting on early stage food poisoning? The fact is that the toxins that have entered the child's body at an early stage will not have time to spread throughout the body along with the blood, which will significantly speed up the healing process. In this case, the very next day the child will lose all the symptoms of poisoning and he will be absolutely healthy.

Use of adsorbents

It is necessary to resort to the use of adsorbent preparations at all stages of poisoning, as they contribute to the neutralization of toxins in gastrointestinal tract. The most effective and common adsorbent used in the treatment of adults and children is "Activated carbon". Dose medicinal product calculated as follows: for 1 kg of the child's weight, you need to take 1 g of the drug. But even exceeding the recommended dose will not harm the health of the baby in any way (in the form side effects maybe only blackening of feces).

hunger strike

No less important part of therapy for poisoning than taking adsorbents. As noted earlier, one of the first signs of food poisoning is loss of appetite, so forcing a child to eat is strongly discouraged. On the first day of intoxication, it is useful to starve completely or at least give up several meals. This should help the child, and soon he, feeling relieved, will ask for food himself. But this tactic is not for everyone. Premature babies or infants will not benefit from hungry pauses in case of poisoning.

Drinking regime

If some restrictions must be observed when eating food, then in the drinking regime, the opposite is true. To eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of poisoning, children need to drink plenty of fluids. The fact is that if harmful toxins have already managed to be absorbed into the blood, then they can be “washed out” from the body with a large amount of water: the more liquid a person drinks, the more often urination occurs.

Note! While observing the drinking regime, you must also observe certain rules. For example, the liquid should not be cold. For better distribution throughout the body, you need to drink a liquid that has body temperature. In case of poisoning, it is necessary to offer water to the child very often, approximately every 10-15 minutes. In this case, the liquid must be drunk in small sips, and not in one gulp.

Refusal of self-medication

Proper first aid for poisoning is the main task of parents, so all medications can only be used as directed by a doctor. Do not give your child painkillers, antiemetics or antibacterial drugs, as this can not only slow down the healing process, but also harm the health of the baby. Also reception the above drugs will lead to the elimination of symptoms by which the doctor can make an accurate diagnosis.

Diet for poisoning

If on the first day of poisoning it is desirable to refuse food altogether, then throughout the entire therapeutic course the child must follow a special diet, which consists in refusing semi-finished products, sour-milk products or fruit juices.

Also, the following foods should be excluded from the diet:

• spicy sauces (ketchup, mustard, adjika, etc.);
• sweet carbonated drinks, strong tea and coffee, fruit juices;
• fresh vegetables (sorrel, radish, cabbage, radish), berries and sour fruits (apples, cherries, oranges);
• various spices, vinegar, horseradish;
• pickled, smoked, salty and fried foods;
• beans, peas and other legumes;
• cereals coarse grinding(corn, barley and others);
• dairy products with high content fat;
• fast food, sausages and sausage;
• vegetables and mushrooms in any form, canned food;
• fatty varieties of fish, poultry or meat;
• pickle, borscht and other rich soups and broths;
• bakery products (all pastries must be completely excluded from the diet).

Allowed foods for food poisoning include:

• light and low-fat broths made from poultry, fish or meat;
• soups made from oatmeal, rice or semolina (on the third day after poisoning, they can be boiled with the addition of butter or cream);
• boiled chicken, rabbit or veal meat, lean varieties fish;
• steamed egg omelettes and soft-boiled eggs;
• vegetable oil in small quantities (to improve the taste of cooked dishes);
• biscuits, crackers or crackers made from wheat bread;
• fruit decoctions, jellies or compotes, natural juices with a small amount of sugar added, dill water and tea with milk (necessarily weak).