The most reliable means of contraception. An overview of the most modern and safe methods and means of contraception

It does not make sense to constantly take oral contraceptives if a woman is not actively sexual life. It is better to choose less impactful methods that can reliably protect against unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. In pharmacies today you can easily find various modern contraceptives quite efficient and comfortable.

What are single use contraceptives?

For irregular relationships, one-time remedies are best. In each case, they must be selected individually. With an irregular sexual life for women, it is important that the selected contraceptive has the following properties:

reliability;
convenience and ease of use;
safety of use;
availability;
protection against unplanned pregnancy;
protection against sexually transmitted diseases.

There are 3 main methods of protection:

barrier;
chemical;
hormone.

Which of them is better to choose? It all depends on many factors: personal preferences, risk, contraindications, the situation itself. Each of them has its pros and cons, so we will try to understand in more detail.

barrier method

The barrier method is the most ancient and, perhaps, the most common among the population, because it has many advantages, such as:

relative cheapness;
availability;
ease of use;
fairly high reliability;
no contraindications (except for allergies to the material);
absolute safety for the body;
protection not only from pregnancy, but also from infections.

Everyone can use barrier methods: nursing mothers, young girls, older women. In some cases, they are recommended even for pregnant women (to protect against infection).

The essence of the method is a mechanical obstacle that prevents sperm from entering the cervix. Use requires some attention from partners before and during intercourse. Barrier methods include not only well-known condoms, but also some other products.

condoms

Everyone knows about condoms - this is perhaps the most affordable and simple means of protection. Its main advantage is protection against various sexual infections, which is why the condom has been and remains the number one remedy against unprotected sex. It is the condom that is best chosen as a method of protection when random connection or at the beginning of a relationship, when there is no complete confidence in the partner. It is easy to purchase at any pharmacy or store. A regular condom is put on a man's penis and removed immediately after intercourse.

However, this proven tool has its own, very significant, disadvantages:

average reliability of contraception;
they can rub, tear, jump off;
decreased sensitivity during intimacy;
inability to use with allergies to latex;
a certain unaesthetic when used.

Some manufacturers make condoms lubricated with spermicide to increase reliability.

Despite popular belief, condoms can be used not only by men - there are special female condoms that have certain advantages over classic products:

polyurethane material is suitable for people who are allergic to latex;
you can enter such a condom a few hours before sexual intercourse;
you can even go to the toilet with it;
he does not jump;
can additionally stimulate the female genital organs during sex.

Unfortunately, the female condom can cause local irritation and is somewhat more difficult to put on than the classic condom (this requires a bit of practice). The product has two flexible rings - the inner one, which expands near the cervix, fixing the product, and the outer one, which remains outside.

After sex, the condom is twisted to prevent semen from leaking out, removed and thrown away, just like a male condom. It is unacceptable to use male and female condoms at the same time - yes Great chance that they will break due to friction.

Vaginal diaphragm and cervical cap

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped piece of rubber that is inserted deep into the vaginal canal before sexual intercourse in such a way that it covers the cervix. A latex product that is worn directly on the neck is called a cervical (that is, cervical) cap. The cap is slightly different from the diaphragm in shape, but works on the same principle.

The diaphragm or cap may cause irritation where it comes into contact with the mucosa. They cannot be protected inflammatory processes, erosion of the cervix, prolapse of the walls of the vagina.

To increase reliability, it is recommended to additionally use spermicides. After use, the product is carefully removed, washed and placed in a disinfectant solution - it is reusable and proper care can last up to a year. Be sure to remove the cap immediately after intercourse, otherwise you can cause a strong inflammatory response and even the development of toxic shock syndrome.

Before purchasing, it is better to consult a specialist to determine the right size, as well as learn how to properly administer a contraceptive.

Other means

There are also less common products, which are nevertheless used quite often in some countries. One of them is the vaginal sponge. It is a concave hemisphere of porous material, having a loop for extraction and impregnated with a spermicidal substance. The sponge is installed in the vagina at the cervix about a day before sexual intercourse and is removed no later than 30 hours after that. Thus, it combines barrier and chemical methods of protection.

chemical method

Under the chemical method is meant the introduction of substances that are detrimental to spermatozoa - spermicides. The main spermicides on the basis of which the mass was developed modern drugs, are nonoxynol and benzalkonium chloride, which reduce activity, or even completely destroy spermatozoa, making fertilization impossible.

There are now many resources different form, which are inserted into the vagina for a certain time before sexual intercourse. Active substances start acting in advance cervical mucus thicker, so that it is difficult for spermatozoa to penetrate into it. In addition, they create a protective film on the mucosa, protecting against the development of infection.

If it was not possible to resort to contraception on time, non-hormonal birth control pills can also be used after unprotected sex - this will significantly reduce the likelihood of pregnancy and the occurrence infectious diseases(however, only a condom can prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections).

Spermicides act exclusively locally - this is the safety of their use even during breastfeeding. In addition, they moisturize the vaginal mucosa, acting as a lubricant. The cons are:

low reliability;
inconvenience in use (need to calculate exact time before intercourse)
sometimes a burning sensation in a woman and her partner;
can not be used often (the composition of the vaginal microflora is disturbed);
after sex, you can not take a shower or bath for a certain time (this will reduce the spermicidal properties).

Due to the relatively low efficiency, this method of contraception is better to choose as an additional protection or with a decrease in ovarian activity (during lactation, at the beginning of menopause).

It is optimal to use it in conjunction with condoms: spermicides will enhance protection against infections, insure in case of damage to the condom, and also act as a lubricant.

Means of chemical contraception are usually presented in the following forms:

candles;
cream;
foam;
films;
jelly;
tampons;
balloons.

Which one to choose depends on the situation and the type of drug:

the most famous drug is Pharmatex, it is produced in various options, most long-term action(up to a day) have tampons;
Patentex Oval and Concepttrol in the form of suppositories are administered 10 minutes before intimacy;
Gynecotex - vaginal tablets with antibacterial action and acting for 4 hours after administration;
Benatex gel will help relieve inflammation of the vaginal mucosa.

Thus, in different situations can be applied different drugs: Genicotex is optimal in case of unprotected sex with a new partner, Benatex - with colpitis, if everything is in order and the woman is more or less confident in the partner, then Pharmatex, Patentex Oval or Coceptrol will do. Whatever drugs are chosen, it is important to follow the instructions exactly and not to hygiene procedures certain time after intimacy.

By the way, it is on the creation of an unfavorable environment for spermatozoa that most folk remedies. Many prescriptions advise women to inject the acidic solution into the vagina by douching. Such advice is best ignored - commercial spermicides are much more reliable and safer.

Hormonal remedies

Conventional oral contraceptives should not be used with irregular sexual activity. What hormonal pills are rarely used? There are so-called emergency, or post-coital remedies, which are created specifically for the case of unprotected intercourse.

After drinking pills after unprotected sex, a woman can hardly worry about the onset unwanted pregnancy, however, large doses of hormones often adversely affect the body: one tablet can cause painful menstruation and for many months bring down the normal menstrual cycle. That is why such contraception is called emergency - it was created for use in exceptional, extremely rare cases, it is better not to resort to it more than twice a year.

Single-use hormonal tablets most often contain levonorgestrel, a synthetic analogue of progesterone. He has next exposure on the reproductive system:

delayed ovulation;
thickening of cervical mucus;
thinning of the uterine endometrium.

If the drug is drunk on time, then pregnancy is practically excluded - even if ovulation has occurred and fertilization has occurred, the egg will not be able to attach.

The remedy must be taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse: no later than three days later, the first tablet is taken, then after 12 hours - the second. The use of two tablets at once for reliability can be life-threatening - high doses of hormones can cause thrombosis and other terrible consequences.

Emergency hormonal contraception most often causes a number of unpleasant symptoms, such as:

nausea and vomiting;
diarrhea;
abdominal pain;
pain and engorgement of the mammary glands;
menstrual irregularities;
headache;
feeling tired.

It should be borne in mind that the contraceptive effect of the pill after vomiting and severe diarrhea may decrease. It is necessary to carefully study the instructions for contraindications, possible interaction with other medicines and side effects.

Another common group is tablets based on mifepristone, a progestogen antagonist. This means that this substance blocks the action of the hormone progesterone, as a result of which the fertilized egg cannot attach to the endometrium, and in large doses, uterine contractions occur, expelling it. Mifepristone and medicines based on it (Ginepristone) are taken within 72 hours after unprotected contact to prevent unwanted pregnancy, and even to terminate a pregnancy (in very high doses, no later than 42 days of delay, strictly under medical supervision)

is a very reliable remedy, but it greatly affects the health of a woman, despite the fact that it cannot be considered hormonal agent(in fact, this substance is only a hormone blocker), so its use without extreme need is unacceptable. In case of occurrence heavy bleeding and pain, it is better to consult a specialist. Potent postcoital remedies should never be used as a regular contraceptive.

Whatever remedy is chosen, the main thing is to take care of your health in time. It will be optimal to combine barrier and chemical methods of contraception, since they can perfectly complement each other, protecting against pregnancy and infections. Moreover, these funds local application and do not provide negative impact on the body.

When discomfort after unprotected intercourse, as well as if pregnancy is suspected, it is better to consult a doctor without delay.

Appreciate!

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Contraception is a term that has its roots in Latin and it comes from two words: "contra" - "against" and "conceptio" - "conception, perception." Thus the concept contraceptives” is “contraceptives”.

Contraceptive methods

Methods of contraception are very diverse and they are divided into the following types:

surgical,
barrier,
biological,
physiological,
intrauterine and oral contraception.

It is worth noting that the division into groups of the above types of contraceptive measures is relative. In particular, sterilization, that is, ligation of the tubes and seminal ducts, which are operational methods of contraception, can also be attributed to the barrier.

Surgical contraception (sterilization)

Surgical sterilization (in some literature you can find the term "infertility") is sometimes used for strict indications in the presence of mental pathologies (for example, schizophrenia), congenital diseases and other reasons. Surgical sterilization of women is carried out with the help of ligation of the fallopian tubes, men - the seminal ducts.

Surgical sterilization of women

Today in medicine there are improved methods surgical sterilization women, in particular, it is carried out through laparoscopic diathermocoagulation of the fallopian tubes. This intervention is the same duration as the traditional one. surgical intervention, but the period of hospitalization is significantly shortened. Sterilization by laparoscopy and tubal diathermy can be performed after induced abortion and in postpartum period already on the third day.

An acceptable sterilization method may be hysteroscopic tubal occlusion with direct visual inspection.

Surgical male sterilization

Surgical sterilization in men by bandaging spermatic cord, causes obstruction of the path for spermatozoa and, therefore, provides male infertility. The sterilization operation may consist of ligation, cauterization, combination of ligature and cauterization, combination of staples and cauterization, fascia interposition. The probability of failure is 0.2-0.4%; complications after surgery are 2% (hematoma, infections, epididymitis).

Biological method of contraception

Biological contraception is a type of contraceptive measure to prevent pregnancy, which is based on interrupted sexual intercourse and abstinence from intercourse.

Physiological method of contraception

A physiological method of preventing pregnancy based on the assertion that at some points in the menstrual cycle a woman is infertile, that is, “physiologically sterile”.

Essential for efficient use this method is knowing the time of ovulation. Most suitable for practical application the woman herself determines the time of ovulation by measuring the temperature in the rectum (basal temperature).

Another type of physiological method of contraception, which also applies to biological, is coitus interruptus. Many men, not wanting to put a woman in danger of becoming pregnant, interrupt sexual intercourse before the ejaculation of the seed. This often leads to harmful effects both for the health of women and men.

Congestion in the pelvic organs associated with interrupted sexual intercourse can lead to menstrual disorders, increased blood loss during menstruation, and bleeding from the uterus outside of menstruation. These phenomena are also associated with a disorder of ovarian function, which also suffers from stagnation of blood, lymph and impaired activity of the central nervous system. Coitus interruptus has negative influence on the health of men, and above all on the state of their central nervous system.

Barrier methods of contraception

With local mechanical contraception, male condoms (condoms) are used, as well as female condoms, which are divided into the so-called:

vaginal condoms,
neck caps,
sponges,
tampons.

Vaginal condoms, otherwise known as vaginal caps or diaphragms. The most common and convenient cervical vaginal condom is the CR cap. Of the neck caps, Kafka caps are the most commonly used.

Chemical contraceptives

Local chemical contraceptives have a spermicidal effect and are therefore often referred to as spermicides. Chemical contraceptives are used by introducing them into the vagina in the form of tablets, balls, pastes, jellies, creams, ointments using syringes, tubes, sponges, tampons, etc. Mixed chemical-mechanical local contraception is often carried out.

There are many chemical substances that disrupt spermatogenesis or destroy the tissues in which it occurs. However, these compounds, as a rule, cause a number of undesirable, sometimes dangerous complications. In addition, in the event that it is not possible to prevent contact of the egg with such a spermatozoon, there may be a danger of teratogenesis.

Intrauterine and oral contraception

Along with local contraception, two other types of pregnancy prevention - intrauterine and oral contraception - have become widespread. According to WHO, around the world, 100 million women use oral contraceptives, and about 60 million use intrauterine contraceptives.

Modern methods of contraception

To date, the range modern methods contraception, especially in the form of oral hormonal and spermicidal agents, is constantly increasing. There are more and more new attempts to introduce unusual forms of introducing hormonal hormones into the body. contraceptives. They are part of the vaginal ring devices, modern intrauterine devices. Efficiency studies in progress subcutaneous method administration of progestin-containing capsules. The drug is usually enclosed in a polymer matrix, which, gradually breaking down, releases one or another progestin that has a contraceptive effect. Capsules containing levonorgestrel, norethisterone and other steroids are being tested. The study of the mechanism of action of these forms of modern methods of contraception indicates that it is based on the suppression of ovulation.

Immunological method

Among the new methods of contraception can be attributed to the immunological method. It is under development. It is known that immunological incompatibility based on the formation of anti-sperm antibodies causes infertility. As is known, the most promising sources of antigenic material are sperm and placental hormones. Abroad, attempts were made to immunize a person with chorionic gonadotropin, that is, a hormone that appears during pregnancy and is necessary for its preservation. In order to avoid cross-reactions with other hormones, only a fragment of the specified hormone is considered less dangerous for use. However, it must be recognized that the development immunological method contraception is still far from complete, and the method itself is unlikely to be promising.

Efforts are being made to create funds male contraception. In this regard, a search is underway for contraceptives that have an inhibitory effect on the maturation of sperm or lead to the loss of the ability of sperm to fertilize an egg. Among the various antihormones that affect male fertility, only antifollicle-stimulating antibodies can serve as the most effective tool blocking sperm production. In an experiment on monkeys (macaques), the introduction of anti-FSH antibodies significantly reduced sperm production, the number of living forms and their mobility. Administration of anti-LH antibodies resulted in Leydig cell dysfunction, decreased testosterone levels, and blockade of spermatogenesis.

Progestin contraceptives

AT recent times tests are being carried out on the contraceptive efficacy and tolerability of various ring-shaped vaginal devices made of plastic materials and containing progestins (norgestrel, etc.), which are slowly released over a certain period of time. A study was made of the intravaginal use of synthetic progestin (RU2323 preparation) and other agents included in the center of the Silastic ring. This device is inserted into the vagina after the end of menstruation. In the process of using the ring, the content of synthetic progestin, as well as estradiol and progesterone in the blood, was determined. The concentration of the drug ranged from 1 to 3 ng/ml. After removing the ring, it quickly decreases to zero. The content of estradiol and progesterone throughout the cycle corresponded to the early follicular phase, which, apparently, indicates an inhibitory effect of the drug on ovulation.

New generation hormonal contraceptives

A new approach to birth control is vaginal application hormonal contraceptives new generation, having the form of microcapsules, which, penetrating into the uterine cavity, biodegrade, releasing progesterone.

It should also be noted attempts to use prostaglandins for the purpose of birth control. The idea of creating a "prostaglandin pessary" - a small pill designed to be inserted into the vagina every month during the expected menstruation - was put forward. clinical trial of this remedy for causing regular monthly bleeding, regardless of the presence or absence of pregnancy, has shown that it leads to the manifestation of undesirable side effects.

Summarizing the data presented above, we can conclude which contraceptives are better and which effective methods contraceptives currently exist:

oral hormonal contraceptives (pills),
injectable hormones,
intrauterine device,
sterilization of women and men.

At the same time, less effective methods are also commonly used methods of contraception:

periodic abstinence,
male condoms,
means of female mechanical and chemical local contraception,
interrupted coitus.

Methods of contraception for women are considered. The names of the most common contraceptives that are sold in pharmacies are presented.

Contraceptives are drugs that protect a woman from unwanted pregnancy. There are a lot of myths around hormonal pills. Many believe that their intake is accompanied by weight gain and the inability to become pregnant in the future. We will try to dispel or confirm dubious information regarding female contraceptives.

Why should women use contraceptives?

If you ask about the most popular contraceptive, most will answer that it is condoms. But this method is inconvenient and quite expensive if you have a permanent sexual partner whom you trust.

Accordingly, contraceptives are used by women to prevent pregnancy and to get more vivid sensations during sex. Oral contraceptives are used in medicinal purposes and allow you to get rid of skin problems and female ailments.

What are the types of contraceptives for women?

Types of female contraceptives:

Spermicides- ointments or gels containing substances that slow down the movement of spermatozoa. These drugs thicken cervical mucus and prevent male cells get inside the uterus
Spiral- a small piece of plastic or metal. Placed by a doctor inside the uterus
Oral contraceptives- based tablets female hormones. They can block ovulation or thicken cervical mucus.
Patch- hormonal contraceptive. Hormones enter the body through the skin
vaginal ring- a silicone or plastic ring that contains a small dose of hormones. Set for 21 days. You can do it yourself without the help of a doctor
natural way – calendar method. It is used based on the calculation of periods of pregnancy and fertility
Coitus interruption method- before ejaculation, the partner removes the penis from the vagina

Barrier contraceptives for women. Pros and cons

Barrier contraception is a method of preventing pregnancy by using mechanical barriers that prevent sperm from entering the uterine cavity. Barrier contraception includes local chemicals that inhibit the activity of spermatozoa. Barrier contraceptives include: sponge, diaphragm, cap, female condom, candles, ointments, gels.

Advantages:

Can be used immediately before sexual intercourse
Protects against most sexually transmitted diseases (spermicides)
High reliability
Can be used by those who have given birth and nulliparous women
Low price
Quick Recovery reproductive function

Disadvantages:

Less reliable than hormonal contraceptives
Often cause allergies and itching
Reduce sensitivity

Chemical contraceptives for women

This is a barrier contraception, based on the reduction of sperm activity with the help of chemicals. Often cause allergies and burning. High degree protection and low price. Below is a list of popular spermicides.

Non-hormonal contraceptives for women, list

These substances are means of barrier contraception. Their effectiveness is due to a decrease in sperm activity. Some of the drugs generally kill spermatozoa.

List of chemical non-hormonal contraceptives:

Pharmatex- a drug produced in the form of candles, sponges, cream and gel. This is a common spermicide that contains benzalkonium chloride - an antiseptic. Accordingly, the drug can be used when having sex with casual partners. Period of action 3 hours after insertion into the vagina
Benatex- issued in the form vaginal tablets and gel. Contains spermicide and antiseptic. There are no hormones in the preparation, so the substance does not affect the menstrual cycle
Pantex Oval- spermicide based on nonoxynol. It has antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Inserted into the vagina 15 minutes before sexual intercourse
Concepttrol- available in the form of suppositories and contains nonoxynol
Gynecotex- spermicide based on benzalkonium chloride. This is a combined substance that kills viruses and bacteria, and also reduces motor activity spermatozoa

Local contraceptives for women

These are chemical and mechanical means, which either reduce the mobility of sperm, or simply prevent their penetration into the uterus.

Mechanical local contraceptives:

female condom- analogue of the male, inserted into the vagina. One edge is fixed on the cervix, and the second will remain outside. Accordingly, it protects not only from pregnancy, but also from infection with diseases transmitted during sex.
Diaphragm- This is a domed cap made of latex or rubber. It is worn on the cervix and simply prevents the penetration of sperm into the uterus. Can be used multiple times. The doctor selects this contraceptive, since the sizes of the diaphragm are different. After childbirth or due to weight gain, you need to purchase a larger diaphragm
cervical cap- a product made of soft rubber. It is put on the cervix according to the suction cup principle. Negative pressure is created due to compression of the cap, and it is securely fixed. Low degree of protection due to the possibility of warping the cap during intercourse.

Hormonal contraceptives for women

Preparations containing the hormones estrogen and progestin. They change the composition and viscosity of the cervical mucus, making it impossible for sperm to enter the vagina. Some combined contraceptives inhibit ovulation. Accordingly, the egg does not mature, so pregnancy is impossible
Mechanical products with no great content progestins: plaster, injections and subcutaneous implants. The patch can be considered the most convenient - this is relatively new contraceptive. It contains ethinylestradiol and norelgestromin, synthetic analogues of female hormones. Hormones enter the blood through the skin. Small amounts of hormones are released every day. The effect of the patch is based on a decrease in the thickness of the uterine mucosa, to which the embryo cannot attach. In addition, the patch inhibits the work of the ovaries and prevents the growth of the dominant follicle containing the egg.

Contraceptive injections for women. Pros and cons

In our country, this method of contraception is unpopular. This is due to the high price of the drug and the distrust of women. The injection is given once every 3 months intramuscularly. It is necessary that the injection was administered on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle.

The essence of using the drug is that it contains progesterone, which thickens the uterine mucosa and thickens the cervical mucus.

In addition, ovulation is suppressed. Injections can be used by women who have given birth and who have not given birth. In the world, not a single case of infertility after drug withdrawal has been registered. Although the reproductive function is restored in 6-12 months.

Advantages:

Efficiency is 99%
No need to constantly calculate the days of the menstrual cycle
Suitable for women who smoke
It has medicinal properties and contributes to the disappearance of endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia

Oral contraceptives for women, video

Oral contraceptives are well-known contraceptive pills with a combined hormonal composition. On the video you can watch the speech of a gynecologist regarding COCs.

Video: Oral contraceptives

Contraception for women after childbirth

Please note that combined contraceptives should not be taken during breastfeeding. They affect the amount of breast milk.

mini pili
Hormonal injections
Intrauterine device
Remember, you can’t have sex for a month after giving birth, so after the discharge stops, you can resume sexual activity.
If you have a permanent sexual partner, then it makes sense to put a spiral or take hormonal contraceptives based on progestogens. These are synthetic hormones similar in their action to progesterone. It does not suppress lactation, does not harm the health of the baby, since a very insignificant amount of the drug penetrates into the milk.
Previously, it was believed that it was possible to protect yourself after the birth of a child. natural method. That is, because of the development of lactational amenorrhea, when there is no menstruation, it is safe to have sex. But now many doctors note the inefficiency of the method. Some women ovulate spontaneously, leading to an unplanned pregnancy

Contraceptives for nulliparous women

Many young girls are wary of taking hormonal oral contraceptives. they believe that they will gain a lot of weight and become unattractive. This is not true, since in most women there is no increase in body weight at all or there is a slight weight gain of 2-3 kg.

There are rumors of numerous cases of infertility after the abolition of COCs. This is also a myth, since reproductive function is restored after 3-8 months. Some girls managed to conceive a child in the first month after the abolition of contraceptives.

But if you still decide to take COCs, then seek help from a doctor, he will prescribe a drug with minimal doses of progestins and estrogens. Most often, young girls are prescribed Novinet, Jazz, Yarina.

They improve the condition of the skin, make menstruation less painful. COCs are not used for cystic changes in the ovaries and for endometriosis.

Ideal for nulliparous women who have a permanent sexual partner are the following methods:

Barrier contraceptives
condoms

intrauterine device nulliparous girls not installed due to the possibility of development pain syndrome and uterine bleeding after the removal of the spiral.

Emergency contraception is used in such cases:

Rape
Missing COCs
condom damage
Sexual contact without protection

These are drugs that cause the endometrium to detach from the uterus. Thus, menstruation begins and the sperm is simply carried away from the uterus along with the blood. It is recommended to take no later than 24-72 hours after sexual contact. Here are the names of some emergency contraceptives: Postinor, Escapel, Mifegin, Miropriston.

The best contraceptives for women over 30. Video

Usually, by the age of 30, a woman already has a child and a permanent sexual partner. In this case, an intrauterine device is considered an ideal option.
Often prescribe a spiral containing progesterone. Such contraceptives are indicated for women with endometriosis and other estrogen-dependent diseases. Mirena is considered the most popular hormonal coil. Its cost is high, but its validity period is 3-5 years
In women who have given birth after 30, medium-dose combined oral contraceptives are used. They contain more hormones, this is due to physiological features body at this age. Among such drugs are Diana, Chloe, Dimulen

VIDEO: Contraceptives for women

Contraceptives for women over 45. Which ones to choose?

At this age, many women have chronic ailments and overweight. That is why classic COCs are not prescribed
For such women, three-phase preparations have been developed, with a minimal androgenic effect. Often, before menopause, mini-pills are prescribed - progestin contraceptives. Since many women who have given birth have endometrial hyperplasia and endometriosis
It is best to put the Mirena hormonal coil after 45 years. It will help not only not to become pregnant, but also to restore the mucous membrane of the uterus. Such a spiral reduces the risk of developing uterine cancer at times
After the birth of a second or third child, a woman may be sterilized. This is a tubal ligation operation. Now such an operation is performed without the use of scalpels, by laparoscopy.

Contraceptives for lactating women. Features of the choice of contraceptives for breastfeeding women

The ideal option is mini-pills or injections of Depo-Provera (progestins). They do not affect lactation, do not affect the health of the baby. But in most cases, women do not want to take any medication during lactation, so they use barrier methods of contraception.
It is not worth using for contraception the absence of menstruation during lactation. This method only works if you have never missed a feeding, that is, the interval between feedings was no more than 3 hours.

Women's birth control pills. Which ones to choose?

Low dose drugs. Assigned to nulliparous girls, they contain a minimum of hormones (Jazz, Novinet)
medium dosage drugs prescribed for women over 30 years old (Diana)
Progestin drugs should be taken in the presence of endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia (Norkolut, Mini-pill)

Do not buy birth control pills on your own on the recommendation of a friend or pharmacist.

The doctor must assess your state of health and only then prescribe a specific drug. What suits your friend may not suit you. With endometrial hyperplasia and adenomyosis, drugs with a high content of estrogens should not be taken. From this, the mucosa thickens and the problem worsens.

Folk remedies for contraception. Recipes

Douching with a slightly acidic solution. Usually a tablespoon of acetic acid or lemon juice is added to a glass of water.
calendar method. Periods of pregnancy are calculated before and after menstruation. 5 days before and after your period are considered safe.
Rowan flower remedy. To prepare the substance, pour a tablespoon of flowers with 200 ml of boiling water. Insist an hour and strain. Take 100 ml before each meal.
Coitus interruption method
Douching with a weak solution of potassium permanganate

Traditional medicine offers many ways emergency contraception that cause rejection gestational sac during pregnancy. Almost after using each of these funds, the woman is taken away by ambulance from uterine bleeding. The hospital is cleaning. Known cases lethal outcome due to blood poisoning due to rotting of the fetus inside the uterus.

The value of contraceptives in maintaining women's reproductive health

Combined oral contraceptives, when used correctly and prescribed by a doctor, prolong a woman's youth. Oddly enough, after stopping the drugs, even women aged 45-55 can become pregnant. This is due to the fact that at birth, every girl in the ovaries contains the rudiments of future dominant follicles.

When taking COCs, there is no ovulation, which means that this potential dominant follicle saved until the next time. In medicine, this phenomenon is called Anti-Müllerian hormone. With a high content of it, a woman can become pregnant. With a very low concentration of this hormone, a woman will not be able to get pregnant even with IVF, as the supply of eggs has been exhausted.

The effect of contraceptives on a woman's body

If you take the drugs correctly and as prescribed by the doctor, then the effect of the drugs will be positive. Many of the COCs are designed to treat ailments of the reproductive function of women. Try to change the contraceptive once a year, as the body often gets used to it and spontaneous pregnancy may occur.

How to protect yourself without pills and spirals?

Despite their inefficiency, the following methods are still popular:

Calendar
Coitus interruption method
Douching with potassium permanganate or a solution of vinegar after sex
To be sure, use barrier methods of contraception
It's easiest to use a condom
With a regular sexual partner, you can use spermicidal gels and suppositories

About hormonal contraceptives, you can find a lot of positive and negative feedback. In most cases negative experience associated with the use of a drug that was not prescribed by a doctor, but was recommended by a friend or pharmacist.

Often, after miscarriages, low-dose COCs are prescribed to restore the menstrual cycle. After their cancellation, many women managed to get pregnant.
In young girls who have not given birth, the condition of the skin improves, disappears acne and menstruation becomes less painful
In general, taking hormonal contraceptives has a positive effect on a woman's health. It's much safer than recovering from an abortion or miscarriage.

The final decision on the use of contraceptives is made by the woman. Remember, no persuasion of a partner and the pleasure of sexual intercourse without a condom and contraceptives are not worth your health. Therefore, always protect yourself and consult with good gynecologists. Health to you.

VIDEO: Consequences of hormone therapy

Contraception is a way to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Throughout the history of mankind, many of these methods have been invented: from the usual “as lucky” to the idea of protecting themselves with pet droppings. Fortunately, methods of contraception have now been developed, from the description of which one does not want to faint.

How to choose contraception

Before choosing a method of protection, you need to remember that safe sex- this is not one that does not lead to pregnancy, but one that does not allow catching sexually transmitted infections, including HIV and hepatitis.

If you do not have a permanent partner, if both of you do not know your HIV status (that is, there is no certificate), if you have a new partner, then you can only and exclusively use condoms to protect yourself.

For those who have been in a relationship for a long time and do not forget to take tests or are fond of donation, the choice of contraception is much wider, and you need to choose based on the effectiveness of the method.

The theoretical effectiveness indicates how many women out of a hundred who used this method became pregnant within a year. Moreover, they used this method ideally: according to the instructions.
Practical effectiveness shows how many women became pregnant in real world where even contraception cannot be used perfectly. For example, partners do not put on a condom at the right time, women miss pills or forget to go to the doctor in order to change the contraceptive in time.

We will show only data close to reality. How less number in the item "efficiency" in the description of each method, the better: this means that fewer women become pregnant while using this remedy. Since the indicators differ slightly in different sources, we indicate the maximum number of pregnancies - just in case.

And do not forget to consult with your doctor which method is right for you.

Hormonal Methods

Pro hormonal contraception many people know, but usually only pills are understood by it. But hormones can be delivered to the body in different ways.

Pills

Efficiency: 9.

Worthless.

disadvantages

All the time you need to worry about whether you can interrupt sex on your own. interesting place, and then worry whether it passed this time or not.

Sterilization

Sterilization is surgical procedure, after which it is impossible to have children in a natural way at all. Because medicine does not absolute numbers, then a ghostly chance remains, but it is a ghostly one (in case of an error in the procedure, for example).

In Russia, there is a restriction on sterilization: only people over 35 with two children can do it.

Women's

Efficiency: 0.5.

How does it work

During the operation the fallopian tubes bandaged or removed, so the egg from the ovary does not enter either the tube or the uterus.

Advantages

High efficiency, contraception for life.

disadvantages

Surgical intervention, to conceive a child after the procedure is possible only with the help of IVF.

Men's

Efficiency: 0.15.

How does it work

During the operation, the surgeon ligates or partially removes the vas deferens, so the spermatozoa do not enter the ejaculate.

Advantages

High efficiency, no side effects and contraindications, does not require attention for the rest of your life.

disadvantages

Surgical intervention, you can not change your mind and conceive a child.

Folk methods

Numerous remedies, such as douching with lemon juice or any other juice, may have a slight spermicidal effect, but their effectiveness tends to be zero. But backfire in the form of inflammation allergic reactions and unpleasant sensations are provided to you.

For right choice method of protection against unwanted pregnancy in this topic, we will tell you what methods and methods of contraception exist. Having learned about methods of protection, you will be able to choose a more convenient contraceptive for yourself and enjoy love games without fear of becoming pregnant. The term contraception refers to the prevention of pregnancy. different ways: Mechanical, Chemical, etc., moreover, some methods prevent the transmission of sexual diseases.

To determine the reliability of a particular method of contraception, we will use the pearl index, which indicates how many women became pregnant out of a hundred using one of the types of contraception during when

NATURAL TYPES AND WAYS OF CONTRACEPTION

INTERRUPTION: It consists in the fact that a man, at the moment of receiving pleasure, removes the penis from a woman. The pearl index for this type of contraception ranges from 4 to 18. In most cases, the unreliability of this method of protection lies in the lack of self-control of a man when receiving pleasure, which leads to untimely extraction of the male organ from a woman and her fertilization. Also, at the time of sexual intercourse, pre-seminal fluid, which may contain live spermatozoa and, even if a man managed to extract his organ at the moment of pleasure, this does not mean that there is no pregnancy, a woman could be fertilized with pre-seminal fluid, which of course very rarely happens and has no scientific evidence. Moreover, after a man has enjoyed, a part of the ejaculate remains in the channels of his organ, which, when re-entering a woman, can lead to ejaculate exit and pregnancy, so that the remaining ejaculate does not enter the woman, the man is advised to urinate. This type of contraception is psychologically negative for a man.

CALENDAR METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION: With this method of protection, it is necessary to calculate the days of ovulation of the egg, how to do this, read here: . The Pearl Index with this method of protection is from 9 to 40. Remember that the male ejaculate can live inside a woman from several hours to 7 days, and the average life is 2-3 days. Moreover, this type of contraception is not suitable for women whose menstrual cycles are irregular.

TEMPERATURE TYPE OF CONTRACEPTION: Is that a woman measures basal body temperature and keeps a graph, almost the same as the calendar method, but based on temperature. The pearl index ranges from 0.8 to 3.

CHURCH TYPE OF CONTRACEPTION: A woman observes vaginal discharge with tests, something like a calendar method. The pearl index is 15.

SYMPTOTHERMAL TYPE OF CONTRACEPTION: The method of protection, which includes temperature and ecclesiastical form of contraception. Pearl index 0.3.

MEASUREMENT OF THE LEVEL OF HORMONES: For protection using this method, tests are needed that measure the hormones LH and FSH in morning urine, indicating ovulation. Pearl index from 4 to 18.

LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD: The method of protection in the form of the effect of breastfeeding for 6 months after the birth of the child. Pearl index from 2 to 3.

MECHANICAL OR BARRIER CONTRACEPTIVES

CONDOM: A type of protection that consists of putting on male organ sheaths made of latex or thin rubber, in which, after pleasure, the male ejaculate remains. This type of contraception protects not only from unwanted pregnancy, but also from sexually transmitted diseases. When using, beware of applying oily lubricants, as oils corrode the latex, and the contraceptive may break. The pearl index ranges from 2 to 12.

CONDOM FOR FEMALE: Unlike the male contraceptive, it is not put on the male organ, but is inserted inside the woman. In all other respects, the principle of operation is the same as that of the male contraceptive. The index of pearl is from 5 to 25.

FEMALE DIAPHRAGM: A type of contraception, which is a latex dome-shaped cap with a flexible rim that covers the cervix of the female uterus. Pearl index from 6 to 20.

WOMEN'S CAP: The type of contraceptive is very similar to the diaphragm, the only difference is that it is half the size of the diaphragm and is worn at the entrance to the uterus. Pearl index from 9 to 20.

HORMONAL TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION

Hormonal contraceptives have various activities protection. Some hormonal pills suppress ovulation, which is expressed in obstructing the development and release of the egg, other hormonal pills change the structure of the uterine mucosa (endometrium) and the fertilized egg cannot attach to the walls of the uterus, others can thicken the cervical mucus, which prevents the ejaculate from moving. Self-selection hormonal contraceptives are not recommended, it would be better if a doctor prescribes it to you with a preliminary conclusion based on the tests received. FAQ and general information Read more about oral contraceptives here: .

COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES: These pills contain the hormones estrogen and progestin. Pearl index from 0.1 to 0.9.

MINI-PILS: Contain only progestin in their composition and do not have the substance estrogen, which, according to research, adversely affects a woman's health. Pearl index from 0.5 to 4.3.

HORMONAL INJECTIONS: Intramuscular injections are made every 3 months, the composition includes progestin. Pearl index from 0.3 to 1.4.

NORPLANT: Type of contraceptives inserted under the skin, containing the substance levonorgestin. Pearl index from 0.08 to 0.09.

RING NOVARING: A type of contraceptive containing estrogen and progestogen. Pearl index from 0.4 to 0.65.

EURA PATCH: A type of contraception in the form of a patch attached to a woman's skin and supplying hormones through the bloodstream to the woman's body: Pearl index from 0.4 to 0.9.

INTRAUTERINE DEVICE: A type of contraceptive, which is a plastic device with a copper spiral inserted into female uterus. It prevents the advancement of the ejaculate, the attachment of the egg to the walls of the uterus and shortens the life of the egg. The pearl index ranges from 0.1 to 0.5.

TYPE OF POSTCOITAL CONTRACEPTION: Applies this species with unprotected intercourse and the ingress of ejaculate into a woman. It consists in the emergency taking of a hormonal pill after intercourse. Due to the high harmfulness of this type of contraception, it should be used only in emergency cases, no more than once every six months. Pearl index 2.

CHEMICAL TYPES OF CONTRACEPTIVES

CREAMS, AEROSOLS, CANDLES, ETC.: Entered into female vagina about 10-15 minutes before the start of sexual intercourse, see the instructions for the contraceptive for more details. Pearl index from 3 to 21.

INTRAUTERINE DEVICE: Yes, this type of contraception can be attributed not only to hormonal, but also to chemical methods of protection, since the composition of the spiral may include a metal that is detrimental to the ejaculate.

SURGICAL TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION

The type of contraception in the form of sterilization is used for people with children, since reverse recovery is almost impossible.

MALE CONTRACEPTION: This type of contraception is called a vasectomy or sterilization, which is a simple operation to block the seminal ducts. Pearl index 0.4.

FEMALE CONTRACEPTION: Sterilization of a woman, the operation is more complicated than that of men and consists in tying the tubes blocking the patency fallopian tubes. Pearl index from 0.01 to 0.1.