Sinusitis in children symptoms and treatment. Residual effects after sinusitis

Infectious diseases are often diagnosed in a child and an adult, but small patients suffer from such ailments much more often. Sinusitis in children - symptoms and treatment, refers to an inflammatory disease that affects the mucous membrane maxillary sinus nose. Pathology is classified into several types, has certain symptoms and causes. Diagnosis of the disease and its treatment in children should be carried out exclusively by a qualified physician in order to avoid complications.

What is sinusitis in children

One of the types of sinusitis, a feature of which is inflammation of the maxillary (maxillary) sinus, is sinusitis. The sinuses are located in the thickness of the maxillary bone, they have common walls with the oral, nasal cavities, and eye sockets. Often this disease is provoked by infection in the respiratory system. By medical statistics children are more likely to suffer from the disease than adults. In babies up to a year, as well as from 1 to 3-4 years, this disease does not develop. This fact is explained very simply: the skull and maxillary sinuses have not yet been formed in babies.

An important role in the appearance of sinusitis in a child is played by various viruses. The disease "activates" in the cold season, when the immune system is especially weakened and the infection easily enters the body. The disease develops as follows: the virus destroys the protection of the nasal mucosa, causing it to swell. As a result, there is an obstacle to the normal outflow of fluid from the maxillary sinuses. It builds up inside and causes pathological process.

signs

In order to recognize the disease in time and avoid the occurrence of complications, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with its signs in advance. Often the symptoms are confused with the classic cold, but when it begins to develop actively, there are obvious specific symptoms. The first signs of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses and age-dependent symptoms are described below.

First signs

According to statistics, initial signs children's sinusitis do not immediately appear. They can be seen when the disease has already developed significantly. The main initial "signals" of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses are:

• pain near the nasolabial fold with slight pressure on it or when the head is tilted;
• pain in the inner corner of the eye in case of gentle pressure on a point in the center of the cheek;
• unilateral or bilateral nasal congestion;
• noticeable swelling of the lower eyelids, cheeks;
• inflammatory process on the eyelids, tearing;
• toothache;
• pus and mucus in the sinuses (they may not come out);
• increase in body temperature;
• drowsiness, lethargy, general malaise.

Signs of sinusitis in children from three to five years:

• severe intoxication of the body;
• there is a partial or complete loss of appetite;
• whims, apathy, decreased activity;
• another symptom is copious discharge of pus from the sinuses;
• swelling of the cheeks, upper and/or lower eyelids on the side inflammatory process.

Symptoms at the age of five to seven years:

• pain radiating to the eyes, forehead, bridge of the nose, teeth, eye sockets, eyebrows;
• significant headache, sometimes caused by bright lights or tilting the head to the side;
• mucous discharge from the nasal cavity or, on the contrary, their absence;
• how to recognize sinusitis in a child - coughing, the attacks of which are often aggravated at night;
• partial or complete loss of smell.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis

The acute form turns into a chronic one after frequent relapses of the disease, adenoiditis, a deviated nasal septum, weakened immunity, and illiterate treatment of an inflammatory disease. The main symptoms of chronic sinusitis can be:

• weakness, fatigue;
• difficulty in breathing in and out of air nasal cavity;
• watery, mucous, or purulent discharge from the sinuses;
• there may be a feeling bad smell;
• another symptom is headaches in the forehead;
• the temperature in children with chronic sinusitis may be normal or rise to low levels;
• another sign of the disease is a feeling of fullness or pressure near the inflamed maxillary sinus, with strong pressure there is considerable discomfort in this area.

Causes

There are a number of main reasons that provoke the development of the disease and its symptoms in children:

1. Runny nose caused by allergies. As a rule, irritants cause allergic rhinitis, developing into sinusitis. In most cases, the disease causes significant swelling of the maxillary sinus.
2. ARI, SARS, influenza. If a child has a cold, then the outflow of mucus becomes problematic. An infection enters the nose, which provokes the development of sinusitis.
3. Job failure blood vessels. Sometimes the cause of inflammation of the sinuses becomes reduced vascular tone. In the respiratory tract, blood circulation is disturbed and infection develops.
4. Genetic pathologies of the sinuses.
5. Diseases in the mouth (caries, stomatitis).
6. Injuries, bruises, fractures of the nasal septum and similar injuries.
7. Inflammation of the adenoids is also often the cause of the development of the disease.
8. A weak immune system is ideal for attacking viruses that cause illness. The body is deprived of protection, so the disease develops very actively.

Kinds

The classification of types of sinusitis and its symptoms depend on several factors. The main ones will be discussed below. So, the disease according to the stage of the course is as follows:

1. Acute sinusitis in children. It has vivid symptoms, especially pronounced pain.
2. Chronic form of the disease. In order for the acute form not to pass into this stage, it is necessary to conduct it timely treatment. Symptoms in this case are less pronounced, remissions alternate with relapses. Main danger chronic form of the disease - irreversible changes in the nasal mucosa, due to which it loses its protective abilities.

According to the localization of the inflammatory process, the disease is:

• unilateral (only one sinus becomes inflamed);
• bilateral (there is an infectious lesion of both nasal sinuses).

The classification of sinusitis in a child according to the type of inflammation looks like this:

1. Catarrhal type of disease. This stage refers to acute, in some cases, the inflammatory process affects the bone, periosteum or bone tissue. The main difference between catarrhal is the absolute absence of pus in the sinuses.
2. Purulent stage. The name speaks for itself. The mucous membrane of the nose becomes very inflamed, pus is abundantly released from the nose.

Diagnostics

Before treating sinusitis in a child, you need to consult a doctor who will prescribe all the necessary diagnostic measures and prescribe drugs for effective treatment diseases. Typically for staging correct diagnosis children, use the following methods:

1. Inspection of nasal openings.
2. Research to identify the allergic nature of the disease.
3. General blood analysis.
4. Nose x-ray. This method allows you to see the disease, as indicated by the shading in the picture.
5. Diaphanoscopy - transillumination of the maxillary sinuses using a special electric lamp. If one or both sinuses are filled with pus, then diaphanoscopy will help to quickly identify this.
6. CT (computed tomography) gives a chance to study the nasal passages in detail. CT can reveal early symptoms sinusitis or signs of its chronic form.
7. Another diagnostic method is the examination of nasal discharge, which determines the causative agent of the infection.

Treatment of sinusitis in children

Qualified specialist before prescribing therapy, he always finds out the causes of sinusitis in children and assesses the severity of the course of the disease. To date, conservative and operational methods treatment. The first option involves using medical preparations, physical therapy and so on. The operation for sinusitis in a child is carried out in the most critical situation. The main medicines for the treatment of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses are the following:

1. Antihistamines. They are able to remove puffiness, significantly enhance the effect of antibiotics on the body. The most popular antihistamines are Diazolin, Suprastin, Tavegil, Loratadin, Diphenhydramine.
2. Drugs that relieve swelling effectively facilitate breathing and eliminate swelling of the mucosa. Among them are Zestra, Orinol, Koldakt, Ferveks, Flukold.
3. Means of vasoconstrictor action accelerate the release of mucus from the sinuses, which has a positive effect on breathing through the nose. These include Rinazolin, Nazivin, Farmazolin, Sanorin, Naphthyzinum.
4. Antiseptics are also used for treatment. Drugs such as Protargol, Kollargol prevent an increase in the amount of pus in the maxillary sinuses.
5. To make mucous, purulent discharge easier to come out of the nose, doctors prescribe special thinning medicines. For example, Ambroxol, Bromhexine, ACC-long.
6. If the body temperature rises too high, then it is worth using antipyretic drugs (Paracetamol, Nurofen, Ibuprofen).

sinus lavage

Treatment of sinusitis at home in children involves not only the use of medicines, but also special washings. This procedure can be done at home. To cleanse the maxillary sinuses with sinusitis, a syringe with a pre-made solution is used (100-250 ml is injected at a time). It will take several washes a day. The course of treatment is approximately one to two weeks. Healing solution is made from the following funds(1 cup purified warm water+ 1 teaspoon medicine):

• potassium permanganate;
• saline solution from ordinary or sea ​​salt;
• decoction of chamomile;
• green tea;
• tinctures from a string, calendula, St. John's wort;
• medicines Furacilin, Rotokan, Elekasol, Decametoxin.

You need to know how to properly wash the baby so as not to worsen the situation. A syringe with a solution is gently inserted into the nostril about 1 centimeter. The patient's head is tilted slightly forward, pouring the medicine in small doses. The pressure of the jet must be gradually increased. Between injections, the child should try to blow his nose well.

The use of antibacterial drugs

Another important step in the treatment of pediatric sinusitis is the use of antibacterial agents. They cope well with inflammation, helping to quickly defeat the disease. most popular and effective antibiotics Isofra, Augmentin, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Bioparox are considered. The features of their use are indicated in the instructions, and the duration of the course of therapy is prescribed by the attending physician. The most effective are injections with antibiotics, in second place in terms of efficiency are drops, suspensions, tablets.

Physiotherapy

To successfully overcome the inflammatory process, accelerate the outflow of mucus and pus from the sinuses, improve blood circulation and lymph flow, the doctor may prescribe physiotherapy. The most famous methods are considered to be laser therapy, magnetotherapy, exposure to ultrasound and UHF (ultra high frequency treatment). Each of the methods is prescribed by a physiotherapist. All contraindications and other nuances are taken into account, only after that the optimal procedure is chosen.

Treatment of chronic sinusitis in children

At chronic form treatment depends on the factor that has become the "catalyst" of the chronic inflammatory process. For each individual option, a specific type is assigned therapeutic impact:

1. Moderate surgical intervention, depending on the age of the patient, his condition, it is necessary in the presence of adenoids, chronic rhinitis deviated nasal septum. These problems hinder normal excretion a secret from the sinuses, so the chronic form begins.
2. Antibiotics are also prescribed, but only after the causative agent of the pathology and the level of its sensitivity are identified.
3. If sinusitis and its symptoms are provoked by problems in the oral cavity (for example, caries, stomatitis), then mandatory sanitation of the oral mucosa is needed. After that, antibiotics are prescribed.
4. When sinusitis in children is in remission, it is recommended to strengthen the immune system with vitamins and gymnastics, attend physiotherapy, massage, and go to the sea.
5. The use of antihistamines is advisable in the case of the development of hyperplastic and polypous forms.

Folk remedies

Sometimes conservative methods combine with folk recipes to improve the efficiency of the treatment process. Before starting a natural treatment option, the parent should definitely discuss this point with the doctor in order to avoid unfavorable forecasts. Popular folk remedies for sinusitis in children:

1. One large raw carrot is taken. Washed, peeled. Fresh squeezed vegetable juice bury the nose three times a day. A few drops of concentrated juice should be diluted a little with water to avoid allergic reaction.
2. Fresh viburnum juice is combined with honey (1:1). The resulting mixture warms up slightly. The medicine is taken orally 1 tablespoon before meals.
3. You need to buy an ointment with propolis. Dip in it cotton swab and insert it as carefully as possible into the nostril. Hold for 3-5 minutes.

Complications

The consequences that may appear after the disease can be divided into two types. The first of these is the complications of the respiratory system:

• tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils);
• bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi);
• chronic form;
• otitis;
• pneumonia;
• frontal sinusitis, ethmoiditis (inflammatory process in other sinuses).

Consequences of a different nature:

• myocarditis (pathologies in the work of the heart);
• sepsis (blood poisoning);
• intracranial complications (meningitis, brain abscess);
• nephritis (kidney damage);
• a variety of articular pathologies can become a consequence.

Prevention

To avoid the occurrence of sinusitis and its symptoms in children, it is worth following a simple, but effective rules. Disease prevention includes:

• regular visits to the dental office;
• strengthening the immune system (proper diet, hardening);
• elimination of anatomical defects (adenoids, curved nasal septum etc.);
• competent treatment colds;
• maximum possible protection of children from negative factors environment(dust, cigarette smoke, traffic fumes).

Video: how to find out that a child has sinusitis

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on individual characteristics specific patient.

Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is in itself unpleasant disease fraught with serious complications. Especially dangerous is sinusitis in children, since its treatment is carried out taking into account the characteristics of the growing organism. Some methods that are effective for an adult are suitable for a child. To cure the disease quickly, you need to obey the doctor in everything.

Most often, the disease is secondary and is a complication of an acute viral infection. If the accompanying ARVI rhinitis is not cured in time, the outflow of mucus from the nasopharynx may be disturbed. Bacteria multiplying there and become the cause of sinusitis. Such a complication may indicate that the child's immune system is weakened. Other causes can also provoke an illness: influenza, measles, scarlet fever, undertreated upper teeth, other.

Sometimes inflammation occurs because children 1-3 years old do not know how to blow their nose. To prevent illness, parents should wash the nose of a young child every hour with saline and suck out the thinned mucus with an aspirator.

Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is most often bilateral.

Since children 1-3 years old still do not know how to describe their well-being, it is important for parents not to miss the signs of sinusitis in order to prevent its complications. You should contact an ENT or pediatrician immediately if parents notice in a child the following symptoms:

• the baby's nose is not just blocked, but does not breathe at all;
• runny nose lasts more than a week;
• there are complaints of a headache, and babies of an early age are capricious and worried;
• from the nose thick mucus is discharged in color from green to brown, it contains impurities of blood;
• body temperature rose to 37.5 - 39 degrees;
• there is a general weakness (schoolchildren complain about fatigue, preschool children are lethargic and do not want to play);
• the child has a deterioration in appetite, sleep disturbance.

It is important to describe to the doctor all the symptoms so that he can prescribe adequate treatment.

Tactics of treatment of sinusitis

The doctor diagnoses and prescribes treatment for sinusitis in children based on the symptoms described, blood test results, and ultrasound maxillary sinuses. Usually, the child does not need to be hospitalized, he undergoes procedures on an outpatient basis or at home.

Treatment of sinusitis in children is complex nature and includes:

• reception antibacterial drugs;
• taking drugs that eliminate certain symptoms of the disease;
• taking drugs to strengthen the immune system;
• physiotherapy.

When treating sinusitis in a child at home, parents can use auxiliary folk remedies.

It is necessary to consider more specifically each of the stages of treatment of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses in a child.

Antibacterial agents

These are broad-spectrum antibiotics used orally or topically. Parents do not need to be afraid that they give the baby such strong medicines. Antibiotics latest generation almost completely harmless adverse reactions minimum. But they give a guarantee that the child will be cured quickly.

Antibiotics will have to be taken if the baby has heat and there are signs of intoxication. What exactly antibacterial agent will be prescribed, depends on the etiology of sinusitis, how old the baby is and whether he has taken any antibiotic before. Usually, a drug from the penicillin group is prescribed - Amoxil, Augmentin or Ospamox.
The antibiotic Ospamox is considered effective, but gentle. It is prescribed to children from 1 to 14 years in the form of a suspension. For the treatment of adolescents over 14 years of age, as for adults, this remedy is used in coated tablets. Ospamox is a two-time antibiotic, which is taken twice a day with an interval of 12 hours at the age dose established for the child. For example, for a baby 4-6 years old, it is 5-7.5 ml.

The use of antibacterial agents is the main effective method treat bilateral sinusitis in children.

Despite the fact that modern antibiotics do not act aggressively on the intestinal microflora, it is recommended to give prebiotics to children during their intake. It is necessary to prevent dysbacteriosis. You can apply Lineks. A baby from birth to 7 years old is given 1 pact per day (during meals), an older child - 2 pouches each. Linex should be given for at least another three weeks after the patient finishes the antibiotic.

If the baby is one and a half years old, you can spray the local antibiotic Isofra into his nose. This antibacterial agent based on framycetin will reduce the titer of pathogens in the maxillary sinuses and alleviate the patient's condition.

Symptomatic treatment

Symptomatic treatment of sinusitis in children is reduced to lowering the temperature, relieving inflammation of the nasal mucosa, thinning and removing mucus. If the patient's temperature is above 38.5 degrees, it is recommended to bring it down. At home, this can be done by taking antipyretics. These are children's Nurofen suspension, Paracytomol or Piaron syrups, as well as Analdim or Efferalgan candles. Means in the form of suppositories, as a rule, act faster and bring down the temperature for a longer time.

You can also use to lower the temperature folk methods- Wiping with warm water, warm teas with lemon, viburnum or rosehip decoctions.

It is also customary to treat inflammation of the maxillary sinuses with vasoconstrictor drops. The patient may be prescribed Naphthyzin, Sanorin, Pinosol. Before using one or another of the listed remedies, the baby is washed with a saline solution.

In order to relieve swelling of the nasopharynx and facilitate breathing, children with sinusitis are prescribed antihistamines(Eden, L-set, Suprastin).

Strengthening immunity

To strengthen the immune system, both pharmacological and folk remedies are used. To make bilateral sinusitis go faster, you can give a small patient Umckalor, Proteflazit or another immunostimulant. Helps to treat the disease and Vitamin C.

Physiotherapy

Treatment of bilateral sinusitis with the help of physiotherapy will be offered on an outpatient basis or at home.

If you have a nebulizer at home, you can do inhalations with saline or amino-caproic acid. At home, you can also do the baby steam inhalation. To prepare a solution, you can use essential oils, decoctions of herbs, propolis or other folk remedies, if they are not allergic.

If bilateral sinusitis is treated at home, then it is imperative that the patient wash the nose. For the procedure, saline is used, as well as folk remedies - a decoction of chamomile or calendula.

Any folk methods are effective for the treatment of undeveloped inflammation of the maxillary sinuses in children. In more serious cases, a "cuckoo" is prescribed.

Parents of a baby who has had sinusitis need to remember that the disease can recur. Therefore, at the first signs of SARS, it should be immediately shown to the doctor and treated according to his prescriptions.

Video from the TDK TV channel about the treatment of the disease

A runny nose in children is one of the most well-known signs of a cold or allergy. Liquid secretions occur due to inflammation of the nasal mucosa. A common runny nose can be dealt with in a few days with simple home treatments: rinsing with salt water, heat on the bridge of the nose, and inhalation. And what to do if the child does not get better, the runny nose does not go away, there are painful symptoms? Parents know that this condition has dangerous consequences Therefore, you can not delay the visit to the doctor. Sinusitis is easier to treat at an early stage.

Content:

What is sinusitis

Normally, the child breathes through the nose. It is here that cold winter air is heated or hot and dry summer air is cooled and moistened, so that it enters the lungs at body temperature. At the same time, it passes through special nasal sinuses (sinuses). They are depressions in the facial bones of the nose area and are called maxillary sinuses.

The development of bones in a child, including facial bones, continues for several years after birth. Up to 3 years, the maxillary sinuses are practically absent and are finally formed only by 4-5 years.

If inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane occurs in the nose, all this also applies to the maxillary sinuses. As you recover, inflammation of the mucosa disappears, sinusitis too. Dangerous is chronic inflammation maxillary sinuses, turning into a purulent form due to the stagnation of mucus that occurs in them.

Symptoms of sinusitis in children may appear after 4-5 years, when the formation of the sinuses is completely over. This disease is closely related to frontal sinusitis (inflammation of the frontal sinuses). However, frontal sinusitis can occur in children only after 8-10 years, since frontal sinuses formed at this age.

Types of sinusitis

Depending on the cause of the inflammatory process, there are the following types sinusitis:

1. Viral (rhinogenic). Runny nose (rhinitis) and sinusitis appear as a result of influenza or SARS.
2. Allergic. A runny nose is a reaction of the body to the action of an allergen ( flower pollen, animal hair, dust, isolated food products or chemicals).
3. Bacterial. This is the process with the most severe symptoms. With this disease, the entrance to the maxillary sinus is blocked by a dense lump of mucus. There is suppuration of the contents of the sinus. Painful edema is formed in it. This condition does not go away on its own, it requires serious treatment.

Sinusitis of any origin can occur as in acute form(lasts no more than 3 weeks), and in chronic. Viral and allergic sinusitis in acute form is not dangerous. In the transition to a chronic form, they cause the development of bacteria in the sinuses and the occurrence of a purulent inflammatory process.

Causes of sinusitis

Sinusitis occurs due to congestion of the nasal passages, the accumulation of thickening mucus in them. Obstruction for the passage of air through the nose are:

• swelling that occurs during inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to the ingress of viruses or allergens into it;
• polyps in the nose or inflammation of the adenoids;
• deviated nasal septum. Such a pathology may be congenital. The shape of the septum also changes as a result of frequent lingering colds in a baby or with a nose injury.

The bacterial infection enters the paranasal sinuses through the blood. The development of bacteria contributes to the weakening of immunity in children after viral (flu, SARS) and infectious diseases (measles, scarlet fever), due to a lack of vitamins. Usually, the immune defense of the body in autumn and winter is worse, so sinusitis occurs more often during this period. The cause is also caries, stomatitis, tonsillitis.

Video: Causes of sinusitis. How is therapy given?

Symptoms of sinusitis

With SARS, the child first appears abundant liquid snot. At the same time, the selections are transparent. As the inflammatory process spreads to the facial sinuses and the occurrence of viral sinusitis, the discharge thickens, becomes green color Nasal congestion makes breathing difficult. The child snores in his sleep, sleeps with his mouth open.

Allergic rhinitis occurs suddenly, accompanied by lacrimation, swelling of the eyelids. If contact with the allergen stops, then the runny nose goes away on its own. Prolonged inflammation of the mucosa can cause sinusitis, the multiplication of bacteria in the sinuses.

Bacterial sinusitis is characterized by the following features:

• thick green or yellow purulent discharge from the nose;
• nasal congestion, blowing your nose does not help clear it of mucus and make breathing easier;
• increase in body temperature up to 38°-39°;
• swelling of the eyelids and the area around the nose;
• lethargy, Bad mood in a baby;
• lack of appetite, the baby does not eat well;
• loss of sensitivity to smells;
• toothache.

Among other things, sinusitis is characterized dull pain in the upper part of the nose (may occur on one side if the inflammation is unilateral). When pressing on a point in the center of the cheek, the child feels severe pain in the corner of the eye from the side of the nose. Sensations intensify during head movement, tilts. If the child lies down, the pain goes away.

The child does not sleep well, is naughty, his head hurts. The kid cannot always explain what is bothering him, but his condition is unusual, so parents must show him to the doctor. With sinusitis, treatment for children is prescribed as soon as possible.

Warning: The appearance of sinusitis may be indicated by an increase in temperature to 38 ° and above 5-7 days after the onset of a cold.

How is the diagnosis established?

When a child shows signs of illness, he must be taken to an ENT doctor, who, after studying the symptoms, makes an assumption about the presence of inflammation and its causes. To clarify the diagnosis, general analysis blood for the content of leukocytes, and an x-ray of the maxillary sinuses is also taken.

In some cases, a study of the mucous contents is carried out, for which a puncture is performed. Such a procedure is unsafe, since during sampling from the maxillary sinuses, the infection can penetrate into the orbits, causing an abscess in them. Blood clots may form in blood vessels.

If it is assumed that the cause is caries (often it occurs due to the destruction of the four back teeth of the upper jaw), then a CT scan of the maxillary sinuses is done.

Complications of sinusitis in children

If the disease has become chronic, then the infection can also get into facial bones cause inflammation of the bone tissue (osteomyelitis). Penetration of infection into the brain causes inflammation of the meninges (meningitis). Sinusitis can cause inflammation of the middle ear (otitis media), hearing loss, as well as the occurrence of conjunctivitis, inflammation of the tonsils, pneumonia.

Treatment of sinusitis in children

In the treatment of sinusitis, the most important thing is to restore the possibility of removing the purulent contents of the maxillary sinuses, as well as to eliminate inflammation. For this, antibiotics, washings, physiotherapy procedures are used.

Complex therapy

For treatment in initial stage complex methods are used:

1. Medical treatment with antibiotics, antihistamines, vasoconstrictors helps to eliminate swelling of the mucosa, swelling, free the respiratory passages and sinuses from mucus and pus.
2. The mucosa and paranasal sinuses are washed brine to remove microbes and allergens along with purulent contents, as well as the introduction of drugs into the focus of inflammation using a pipette or syringe.
3. In advanced cases of chronic sinusitis, surgical method- puncture of the maxillary sinuses to remove pus and subsequent administration of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Comment: Cuckoo flushing (injecting disinfectant through one nostril and withdrawing it from the other), as indicated chief physician clinics for the treatment of respiratory diseases A. Puryasev, ineffective in sinusitis. This can be harmful if the inflammatory process is one-sided. After such washing, the inflammation passes to the second sinus.

Physiotherapy methods

For the treatment of sinusitis in both acute and chronic form are used various methods physiotherapy:

AFDD- washing the nasal mucosa and sinuses with special solutions mineral salts by using ultrasonic device. This method allows you to clean the maxillary sinuses, relieve inflammation and swelling in 1-2 sessions.

Ozone-ultraviolet sanitation- a method of irradiating the cleaned nasal passages with ultraviolet light and simultaneously saturating them with ozone, which has a strong disinfecting effect.

Inhalations disinfectants saline solutions, anti-inflammatory and other means. For adults and children, this procedure can be carried out using special device a nebulizer that allows you to spray drugs and facilitate their entry into the maxillary sinuses.

Advice: With uncomplicated sinusitis, steam inhalations at home will be of great benefit. Infusions of chamomile, eucalyptus, needles, sage, lavender with the addition of honey or propolis are used, as well as a decoction of potatoes.

Laser therapy- laser irradiation of the nasal mucosa, which is pre-applied with a photosensitive gel. As a result of a photochemical reaction, atomic oxygen is formed. Through the blood, it enters inflamed tissues, kills viruses and bacteria, after which it occurs fast regeneration mucous.

UHF- treatment with a high-frequency electromagnetic field.

Warming up the nose infrared rays using the Sollux lamp.

Application of sinus catheter YAMIK for vacuum suction of sinus contents using a soft latex hose (treatment according to the method of Professor V. Kozlov). The method is used for children over 5 years old.

At the recovery stage, acupuncture, massage and breathing exercises are used.

Video: Treatment of sinusitis according to the method of Professor V. Kozlov

Medications

Means for vasoconstriction and elimination of swelling of the nasal mucosa for children are used in the form of aerosols or sprays (sanorin, ximelin, naphthyzin, galazolin and others). As antiseptics use protargol, collargol, as well as antibiotics: amoxicillin, bioparox, azithromycin.

Prevention of sinusitis in children

Since bacterial sinusitis occurs, as a rule, against the background of viral infections or inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity, the main preventive measure is their timely treatment. Important role plays the elimination of acute rhinitis.

Note: Dr. E. Komarovsky reminds parents that antibiotics should not be given to children uncontrollably. At viral disease they can, on the contrary, provoke the occurrence of sinusitis, as they act selectively on bacteria: by killing some, they contribute to the preservation of others. At the end of taking antibiotics, microorganisms begin to multiply intensively, which leads to chronic sinusitis.

Video: What is sinusitis, when it is dangerous, how to treat it. Doctor Komarovsky's advice

It is necessary from birth to take care of the hardening of the child, strengthening the immune system. He must spend a lot of time fresh air. Long walks, outdoor games strengthen the body. Compliance with the regime of the day, sleep and nutrition contribute to the correct physical development maintaining disease resistance. Frequent ventilation and wet cleaning reduce the likelihood of infection in the body of the baby.

Sinusitis is a complex inflammatory process that occurs in the sinuses. If sinusitis is not treated, it is easy to achieve complications and severe consequences.

• Sinusitis is a common disease of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract (sinuses). This disease can be both chronic. as well as sharp. Most often, children get sick acute sinusitis. Not uncommon, sinusitis is a consequence of rhinitis, as well as various viral and infectious diseases.
• Launched catarrhal and allergic rhinitis also causes the appearance of sinusitis in children. It occurs in those whose immunity suffers and is weak. Such cases are not uncommon during dental diseases and inflammatory diseases in the mouth. as well as the larynx
• Adenoids are not rarely the cause of sinusitis, as they are the reasons for which nasal breathing is disturbed.
• Adenoids are also sources and distributors of infections.

Another type of disease is chronic, which occurs as a consequence of a severely endured inflammatory disease. As a rule, during inflammation, no favorable conditions in which the sinuses are not able to carry out the outflow of mucus and secretions.

It is not uncommon for sinusitis to occur for the following reasons:

• too thick nasal septum
• deviated septum in the nose
• nasal concha hypertrophy

Each parent can notice that the greatest predisposition of the child to the disease occurs in winter time of the year. Just like winter children's body the most susceptible and the immune system weakens.

There are several types of sinusitis:

• sinusitis - a consequence of rhinitis
• sinusitis - infectious
• sinusitis - as a result of inflammatory diseases in the mouth
• sinusitis - as a result of an injury

The sinuses of sinusitis are paired air cavities located near the nose. There are also two sinuses located above the eye sockets and one cavity at the base of the skull. All cavities are connected by channels through which the sinuses are ventilated and cleaned.

To get rid of the disease correctly, you need to know exactly the causes of the disease:

Sinusitis, as a consequence of SARS or acute respiratory infections. Very often, sinusitis occurs after the flu, when the normal mucous flow is difficult. It is because of the lack of a normal outflow that an infection that causes the disease enters the mucosa.

Not infrequently, sinusitis occurs against the background of allergies. Ordinary allergic rhinitis, due to the presence of irritants, can easily develop into sinusitis. Such sinusitis is characterized by severe swelling of the sinuses.

Injuries and bruises on the face also cause sinusitis. because they can damage the integrity and even fracture of the nasal septum.

When the virus enters the blood, an infectious disease occurs. Weak immune system causes it rapid development rhinitis and its aggravation. Most often, this is the case with children. Also, children's sinusitis occurs as a consequence:

• periodontitis - inflammation of the teeth
• osteomyelitis - a purulent infection that affects bone tissue
• periostitis - acute inflammation periosteum

Aggravate sinusitis can vegetative-vascular dystonia - disorders of the heart and blood vessels, when Airways poorly supplied with blood. Inflamed adenoids also contribute to the accumulation of mucus in the sinuses and favor the spread of infection.

Ordinary caries or stomatitis can also cause sinusitis.

The occurrence of sinusitis can also serve as a child's predisposition to it and hereditary diseases, as well as congenital curvature of the sinuses. the correct treatment can only be selected when the cause of its appearance is clarified in detail and accurately.

Video: "Treatment of sinusitis"

Symptoms and signs of sinusitis in children at any age

As shows medical practice, the symptoms of the disease can occur in single and multiple quantities.

Most often you can distinguish:

• reinforced constant pain in my head. It basically has a certain localization and most often gives either to the forehead or to the whiskey. It can be seen that the pain is mainly localized where the sinus is inflamed. Headache can become clearer and stronger when tilting the head, sneezing and coughing. In the supine position, you can notice how the pain becomes easier and not even noticeable. Headache with sinusitis depends entirely on the activity of the child.
• Pain in the teeth - Also bright symptom indicating the presence of sinusitis in a child. Such sensations may intensify while chewing food. Most of the pain is in chewing teeth, as they are very sensitive to inflammatory processes
• Stuffy nose. The sinuses become clogged with pus and breathing becomes extremely difficult. It is very difficult to remove such pus naturally. Distinguishing sinusitis from a runny nose is very simple: listen to how the child describes how he feels. Sinusitis is often characterized by one-sided nasal congestion, and the nostril may change.
• High body temperature. There is a temperature with sinusitis, as with any other inflammatory disease. The body is trying with all its might to get rid of the disease and therefore its struggle responds with an increase in temperature. Possible chills
• Numerous selections. Such discharge from the nose can be different: sometimes transparent, sometimes have a cloudy yellowish or greenish tint. The sense of smell is deteriorating. In the presence of such secretions, most often a standard blowing of the nose cannot bring relief, except for a few minutes. After blowing the nose, the child may feel worse
• Swelling and redness of the cheeks. On baby face you can notice sometimes not clear, and sometimes obvious redness. Most often, it manifests itself on the side of the face in which the inflamed sinus is located. If you press on the redness, you can feel pain. The same thing can be felt when you press the bridge of your nose.
• Capriciousness. The child changes in behavior, his activity is on the decline, giving way to whims. Often the child suffers poor appetite and even completely refuses food. His mood is apathy
• Voice change. The voice can become nasal due to the fact that the sinuses become filled with pus and put pressure on the septum
• A sore throat. It is also a symptom due to the inflammatory process, dryness and perspiration are not excluded.

The appearance of one or a series of symptoms suggests that you should seek medical advice as soon as possible. Only he is able to prescribe a treatment that can be effective.

Complications after sinusitis in children, what are the complications?

• too red and swollen eyelids
• pain that occurs when pressure is applied to the eye socket
• eye movements are impaired or painful

purulent inflammation is always accompanied by an increase in body temperature.

It is possible that the inflammatory process that began in the sinuses will pass to hearing organ. In such cases, a disease called "otitis media" occurs. Such a complication is quite painful, difficult and difficult to get rid of a short time. Otitis causes an increase in temperature, and the child's condition deteriorates sharply.

Sometimes the symptoms do not appear strongly, but they can make the child feel health problems, reduce his activity.

Purulent otitis is characterized elevated temperature body and greatly impair general state patient. However, there are also cases when the symptoms of otitis are not expressed and are hidden. But basically the child feels a strong ear and headache.

One of terrible consequences and complications of sinusitis - osteoperiostitis. This is a complex inflammatory process of the bone. It occurs because the inflammatory process gradually passes from the mucosa to the bone tissue. This process is very dangerous for the health of the child.

Osteoperiostitis is distinguished as purulent and simple. Treatment of this complication is carried out only with the help of antibiotics.

It is not uncommon for people who self-treatment sinusitis in their children do not cure the disease. That is why there are complications. Untreated sinusitis easily turns into chronic. In fact, the infection is not completely eliminated and over time can cause complications such as disease meningitis.

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges. It is characterized by symptoms such as:

• severe headache and migraine
• very high fever, febrile condition
• acute response to loud noise and bright light

It is possible to cure meningitis, but it is quite difficult. Get it the right medicine not always possible. because it is produced abroad.

How to treat sinusitis in a child at home?

• Each treatment of sinusitis, and even that which takes place at home, must be fully coordinated with the doctor. This is a desirable recommendation that will prevent complications during treatment. More often, home treatment serves as a good complement to traditional medical
• Remember that any treatment of sinusitis, both purulent and simple, can lead to severe complications: meningitis, cerebral edema or sepsis
• Treatment of sinusitis at home is effective only in mild forms of the disease. Such procedures are not complicated and everyone can do it.
• Most often, treatment consists in instillation of therapeutic fluids into the sinus: an infusion of green tea, for example. It has a good anti-inflammatory effect, like freshly squeezed carrot juice

To drip the drug into the nose, properly prepare the child for this:

1. Position the child comfortably so that the head of the baby is directed towards the blocked nostril or nostril where the medicine should be dripped
2. Pipette a small amount medicinal product and carefully instill a small amount into the sinus
3. You can repeat the procedure with the next nostril after a few minutes, gently turning the child's head to the other side.

Folk remedy for sinusitis in children

Folk remedies are effective in the treatment of sinusitis if the treatment is done correctly, and the methods are time-tested.

One of the most trusted folk ways, the so-called "grandmother's method" with which we were treated in childhood - potato inhalations. For treatment you need:

1. Boil one not small potato in a uniform, you can boil several at once
2. A pot of boiled potatoes without water should be placed on a table, chair and any other high surface
3. The child should be placed at the same level as the pan
4. Explain to the child that he needs to breathe potato vapors as long and deeply as possible and inhale hot air through his mouth and nose at the same time.

Inhalation with propolis will not be superfluous. To do this, a few drops of propolis are added to a bowl of boiling water and breathe in vapor until the water cools down. Propolis can also be used for nasal instillation.

Any sinusitis cannot be started, whether it is unilateral or bilateral. If you start the treatment of bilateral sinusitis, then it will inevitably lead to grave consequences. If symptoms are found, you should immediately consult a doctor to avoid the transformation of a simple sinusitis into a chronic one.

Bilateral sinusitis is an inflammatory process that affects both sides of the sinuses at once. Of course, this form of the disease is more complex and its consequences are more severe.

The most important symptom that indicates the presence of the disease is severe swelling in the cheekbones, cheeks, forehead and teeth. Very often, bilateral sinusitis is accompanied by severe headaches, jaw pains, which are aggravated while eating. The cheeks may turn red, and the body temperature of the sick person rises.

Bilateral sinusitis can be diagnosed with:

• x-ray - not the best The best way for children, the picture may not be unambiguous
• puncture - by piercing the sinus itself and sucking out pus, this is a painful procedure performed under anesthesia
• diaphanoscopy - transillumination of the sinuses with a special lamp, this is a painless and safest way

In the case of bilateral sinusitis, the doctor prescribes treatment: acupuncture, washing, antibiotics, a catheter that reduces pressure in the nose, ultraviolet and laser therapy.

Treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics: the name of the medication

Poor health and severe pain force doctors to prescribe antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis:

One of the most commonly used drugs is Macrofoam. The active substance "midecamycin" actively fights the infection that provoked sinusitis. take the medicine strictly according to the instructions, taking into account the recommendations of the doctor and only after meals.

Another drug is "Augmentin". It is based on penicillin. Very strong antibiotic, which should not be taken without a doctor's recommendation. The drug has strong action on the gastrointestinal tract and should not be used for more than two weeks.

Sumamed - the most popular antibiotic in use today. Used to treat sinusitis in children and adults.

Ceftriaxone - injections. Antibiotic for the treatment of infectious diseases. Has contraindications. used mainly for the treatment of sinusitis.

Cefazolin - semi-synthetic antibiotic. Renders strong antimicrobial action. It has an effect on the gastrointestinal tract, and is also capable of giving an allergic reaction.

Puncture with sinusitis for children, why do they make a puncture?

If drug treatment does not give results, the doctor prescribes a puncture - a puncture of the maxillary sinus and suction of pus.

If the pus is not pumped out in time, except for the strong pain the inflammatory process can have a lot negative impact on the health of the child and lead to serious complications. If you observe a fever in a child. poor patency of mucus in the nose and even an unpleasant smell - you should urgently seek treatment.

The painfulness of the procedure and the consequences of it depend only on how professional the doctor is. The puncture is done only in the nasal sinus. Correct manipulations should completely exclude infection during the procedure. If the puncture is done professionally, it will invariably lead to a positive result.

Of course, this procedure is one of the most unpleasant, but it really helps and allows the patient to avoid long-term use of antibiotics. Basically, the piercing procedure takes place without consequences for the patient and the injection hole quickly tightens within a month. The puncture site does not require special care.

Useful prevention of sinusitis in children of any age

Prevention of sinusitis should be carried out at any infectious disease whether you have a blocked nose or not.

Prevention is simple and requires simple measures:

• Eat as much as you can large quantity vitamins and minerals useful for the body, it improves immunity
• In the cold season, try not to freeze and be sure to wear a hat
• In case of a cold, in no case do not start a runny nose
• Regularly check the health of your teeth and dentist
• Humidify the air in your living space
• Master the special massage gymnastics for the face

Video: "Sinusitis, the school of Dr. Komarovsky"

Sinusitis in children - infectious inflammation the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus (maxillary), located above the upper jaw on the sides of the nose inside the skull. The sinus has a free space covered with a mucous membrane, it is separated from the maxillary teeth by a thin plate, and the sinus is connected to the nose with the help of a thin anastomosis. It is this location of the sinus that causes the development of inflammation and the spread of infection.

Sinusitis can be cured by applying traditional medicine and folk remedies, it is only necessary to correctly determine the source of the disease and direct all forces to its destruction.

What causes pathology?

Like any disease, sinusitis in children has its own causes. The causative agents are viruses and bacteria of acute respiratory diseases.

Viruses:

1. influenza and parainfluenza;
2. coronaviruses;
3. adenoviruses;
4. respiratory syncytial virus;
5. rhinovirus;
6. metapneumovirus.

Bacteria:

1. Pneumococcus;
2. hemophilic bacillus;
3. moaxella.

At chronic course diseases are joined by other pathogens: Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, anaerobes, pyogenic streptococcus. It is also possible to develop a disease in a child with a mixed infection: bacteria and viruses.

Caries in a child can cause sinusitis

Predisposing factors

The development of sinusitis in children does not occur spontaneously, but against the background of weakened immunity, due to previous or existing diseases:

• vasomotor rhinitis;
• chronic tonsillitis;
• being in a draft;
• curvature of the nasal septum;
• severe hypothermia;
• turbinate hypertrophy;
• trauma to the nasal mucosa;
• weak immune system;
• adenoids;
• allergic predisposition;
• caries.

If there are predisposing factors, be sure to carry out prevention. If you do not want to take medicines, turn to folk remedies.

If your child has carious teeth, then be sure to treat them, even if milk teeth are affected (which “then will fall out, and there will be no caries”). Caries is caused by infections that can penetrate the thin plate into the sinus and cause inflammation there!

Disease pathogenesis

Symptoms of the disease directly depend on how the disease proceeds!

The infection, getting through the nasal or oral cavity of the child, causes inflammation. Vessels in the mucous membrane are filled with blood, nasal congestion occurs. Because of inflammatory response, thickening of the membrane and dysfunction of cells, the amount of mucus produced increases. She cannot freely leave the sinus, as a result of which catarrhal sinusitis develops, most often caused by viruses.

The attachment of bacteria causes an accumulation of immune cells, in the fight against infection, pus is formed that accumulates in the free space of the sinus. There is purulent sinusitis. Ineffective or wrong treatment ensures the development of chronic sinusitis.

These factors cause swelling and accumulation of pus, which can pass into other sinuses and lead to complications, so the treatment of sinusitis in children should be carried out in a timely manner!

How does sinusitis manifest itself?

Signs of sinusitis in children are both characteristic features only for him, and common with other diseases.

Symptoms characteristic of sinusitis:

1. headache, aggravated by tilting the head, radiating to the cheek or temple, due to the pressure of accumulated pus or mucus on inner surface skulls;
2. copious discharge from the nose of a light (mucus) or yellow-green (pus) liquid;
3. lack of fluid and nasal congestion due to blockage of the fistula between the sinus and the nasal passage;
4. impaired nasal breathing and sense of smell;
5. swelling of the face, especially the eyelids;
6. voice change, his nasality;
7. pain in the projection of the maxillary sinus;
8. it is impossible to breathe through the nose;
9. pain when tapping on the upper jaw;
10. an increase in temperature to 38 0 C with a bacterial infection;
11. in children under one year old, with light pressure on the area of ​​​​the maxillary sinus, crying will appear.

Symptoms of intoxication strong current diseases:

• fatigue;
• general weakness;
• disturbed sleep and appetite;
• headache;
• the child is naughty.

chronic course

It's important to know that viral infection it is treated for more than ten days, and ineffective treatment of sinusitis in children contributes to the chronicity of the inflammatory process for 8-12 weeks. Clinical manifestations varied - from rare exacerbations to constant discharge from the nose. The patient will be tormented by the following symptoms: headaches, aggravated in the evening, pain and discomfort in the maxillary sinuses, constantly stuffy nose, changed voice, reduced sense of smell. Exacerbations can be several times a year.

In the chronic form of the disease, the risk of infection in the meninges is increased, so be careful!

You can not constantly use the means for the treatment of rhinitis, over time they cease to work, and the infection spreads through the sinuses of the child. If you are unable to defeat rhinitis, then consult a doctor with a request to change therapy.

How to deal with the disease?

Treatment of sinusitis in children should begin immediately when the first symptoms appear.

Traditional treatment is aimed at getting rid of the infection in the nose, a large number pus and mucus - nasal lavage is done by slow instillation medicinal solution(antiseptic, saline solution) into the nostril on which the sick child lies.

To relieve symptoms of edema, take vasoconstrictor drops which the doctor must prescribe, since they have many contraindications. For example: nose drops "Xilen" can be used for those over two years old, and "Dlyanos" is contraindicated in children under six years of age. If an allergy is suspected, antihistamines are prescribed.

They use physiotherapeutic methods to fight the disease: electrophoresis, phonophoresis, laser therapy - treatment cannot be limited to this alone, it is necessary complex therapy. The widely used method of heating the nose with hot potatoes, eggs and salt is possible only in the convalescent stage. Treat these folk remedies with caution!

Don't warm your nose acute phase diseases, this will spread the infection throughout the body and increase the symptoms!

Sinusitis in children caused by bacteria is treated with antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin, stronger ones - macrofoam, zitrolide. Which antibiotics to take, the doctor himself chooses after determining the sensitivity of bacteria to them and assessing the child's allergic history.

With ineffective conservative treatment the doctor performs a puncture of the maxillary sinus in order to free the sinus from pus. Perhaps the use of anesthesia for the baby.

Pain relievers may be given to relieve symptoms of pain.

• "Ketanov" and "Ketoral" should not be given to children and adolescents under 16 years of age.
• "Ibuprofen" in tablets is not allowed for children under six years of age, with the recommendation of a doctor - up to 12 years.
• "Ibuprofen" candles can be given to children from three months to two years.
• "Nurofen" candles can be placed in children under 1 year old.

Many procedures are performed in a hospital, so you and your baby may be admitted to a day or full-time hospital.

Treatment with folk remedies

There are many folk remedies to fight the disease, but be sure to combine them with traditional medicine.

Propolis is a strong disinfecting bactericidal folk remedy, which can be used along with antibiotics. In a pharmacy, you can purchase an aqueous solution and bury it in the nose. Prepare an ointment from propolis, lubricate the nasal cavity. Melt propolis in hot oil, soak a cotton swab in the solution and insert it into the nose.

Essential oils: eucalyptus, pine, tea tree- it is good to use for inhalation, it is a good folk remedy for disinfecting the nasal passages and respiratory tract.

A complication of sinusitis is the defeat of the meninges, which leads to irreparable consequences.

Strengthen your baby's immunity, do not stop treatment immediately after the signs of the disease disappear, go through the course of treatment completely, and the baby will be healthy!