Giardiasis. Acute and chronic giardiasis

Stage 1 of therapy takes from 2 to 4 weeks. Important rule during this period - adherence to the prescribed diet. Proper nutrition– the key to successful recovery.

It is forbidden to eat food containing simple carbohydrates. These include:

• dairy products;
• confectionery;
• cereals;
• bread and flour pastries.

A balanced diet during treatment consists of fresh fruits, vegetables, rice and buckwheat porridge, cooked in water. Sauerkraut, cranberry or lingonberry fruit drinks effectively help in such situations.

Treatment of giardiasis in adults at stage 1 of the treatment regimen is as follows:

1. Preparations containing a choleretic effect. By reducing bile stagnation in the infected body, inflammation decreases faster.
2. Medicines, relaxants biliary tract – cholespasmolytics (Duspatali, No-spa).
3. Medicines that enhance the functioning of the gallbladder - cholekinetics. Effectively reduce the tone of the bile duct (egg yolk, solution of magnesium sulfate solutions 5% or 10%).
4. Enterosobents (Smecta, Bilignin, Polysorb).
5. Based on the results of the coprogram, it is possible to prescribe Festal, Mezim-Forte, Baktisubtil.
6. Using tubage, following the scheme of G.S. Demyanova. Helps clear the intestinal tract.

Second

At stage 2 of therapy, drugs are prescribed that have a detrimental effect on Giardia. In addition to the use of drugs from the 1st stage, a person begins to use Fazizhina, Ornidazole, Metronidazole, Albendazole.

The duration of therapy depends on the degree of the disease and the use of prescribed medications. This takes several weeks or more. IN critical situations A break of no more than 2 weeks will be required, after which a new course of treatment will begin.

Third

Stage 3 is to strengthen the immune system. For increase protective forces the body is prescribed a course of medications with plant based. Quite a lot important role The final stage is rational nutrition.

Albendazole, a substance included in Nemozol, effectively fights Giardia at any stage of their life cycle.

The medicine is taken with food. For children, Nemozol is created in the form of a suspension. Should be used once a day for a week. Per 1 kg of weight 10 mg. medicines. Adults use 1 tablet for 5 days.

Drugs for the treatment of giardiasis

No remedy gives a 100% guarantee in the fight against giardiasis. For this reason, the patient undergoes several courses of taking medicines, creating a break of at least 7 days:

• Ornidazole has no age limit;
• Tinidazole is allowed for adolescents from 12 years of age;
• Due to its composition, Nifuratel (Makmiror) is allowed to be given to babies older than 2 months;
• Albendazole is sometimes prescribed to children as young as 2 years old. Safer for children over 6 years old.

The use of Enterol is permitted in combination with Albendazole. It is not prohibited at stage 3 of therapy.

To reduce the risk of an allergic reaction, the patient may be prescribed Zyrtec (babies over 6 months old), Telfast (over 12 years old).

Worth knowing! Many doctors recommend Wobenzym. Medicine has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-edema effects. For adults, the dose is no more than 5 tablets 3 times a day. Consume 40 minutes before meals. Dose for a child: 1 tablet per 5 kg of baby’s weight.

Once in the human body, Giardia actively begins to consume all the vitamins found inside. The patient is prescribed complex preparations containing a large number of essential vitamins:

1. Stimbifeed. Allowed for babies from 6 months, 2 tablets 3 times a day. Treatment time is 1 month.
2. Bion 3. Prescribed to adolescents at least 14 years old. 1 tablet per day. Take with food. Drink for a month.
3. Enterol. Children from one to 3 years of age are prescribed to use for 5 days, adults – 10.

To normalize work immune system immunomodulators are recommended. Babies over 6 months are prescribed Polyoxidonium intramuscularly, or with the help of rectal suppositories. Likopid is prescribed 1 mg for adolescents under 16 years of age, and 10 mg for older patients.

Treatment of chronic giardiasis in adults

If treatment is not started in time, the disease becomes chronic. The patient begins to feel bloated, loose stool, sharp pains in the epigastric region.

Symptoms of chronic giardiasis include:

Attention! Adults and children must follow the rules and methods of taking medications - the key to a successful, quick recovery.

Used only as prescribed by the attending physician. It is not advisable to create such a course yourself. Each person’s disease progresses differently, and the dosage of medications and duration of use are calculated individually for each person.

Balancing diet for giardiasis

According to reviews of patients who have undergone the treatment regimen for giardiasis in adults, we can highlight: effective remedy- Monastery tea. Many people noted its highest ability to help with this problem without the use of chemicals.

In conclusion, we suggest watching a short video on the topic:

Conclusion

At the end of therapy, some patients experience immunodeficiency. In this regard, colds appear, leading to severe complications. To avoid such situations, doctors strongly recommend taking Gelmostop. Contains herbal medicines, about 60 important elements and minerals. The medicine is used for 5 days.

Giardia is a genus of flagellated protists from the order Diplomonadidae.

What is Giardia

Giardia in the human liver

Giardia infection occurs when cysts enter the body through the mouth. This can happen in 3 ways:

1. Water – when consumed unboiled tap water or from natural sources.
2. Food - through unwashed or unheated foods, in particular fruits and vegetables.
3. Contact-household – contact with a person or animal suffering from giardiasis, objects on which there were cysts.

For the development of the disease, it is enough for 10 cysts to enter the body. People with low acidity stomach.

Common signs and symptoms of Giardia

Headache may indicate the appearance of Giardia

Symptoms of acute giardiasis

The acute form of the disease usually lasts 5–7 days, but can last for months. It manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• increased fatigue, irritability;
• headache;
• bowel disorders (constipation, diarrhea), flatulence;
• nausea, possibly vomiting;
• a sharp increase in temperature to 38 ° C;
• abdominal pain localized in the navel area;
• loss of appetite, feeling of oversaturation;
• rapid weight loss;
• the appearance of a rash on the skin.

From acute form Children are more likely to suffer from illness.

If treatment is not started, giardiasis becomes chronic. It manifests itself in constant relapses of infection. Its main features:

• dysfunction gastrointestinal tract– bloating, constipation or diarrhea, flatulence;
• deterioration of skin color, uneven coloring, excessive paleness of the face;
• rashes on the tongue;
• allergic reactions, dermatitis;
• excessive dryness and peeling of the lip borders;
• exhaustion nervous system, nervousness, asthenia;
• pathologies of the biliary tract, bile stagnation;
• anorexia.

Chronic giardiasis is accompanied acute pain in a stomach

Some people may be carriers of Giardia. In such cases, their health condition does not deteriorate, but for others they are a source of infection.

Symptoms of Giardia in children

Giardiasis is especially dangerous for children, who most often suffer from this disease. It is more complicated than in adults, and has harmful influence to your health. The most characteristic symptoms of damage in children:

• lag in physical and intellectual development, because the body does not receive the necessary microelements and vitamins;
• refusal to eat;
• rapid exhaustion;
• elevated temperature up to 37.5 ° C without other symptoms of a cold that lasts for weeks;
• constant diarrhea or constipation;
• grinding teeth in sleep;
• pulling or cutting pain in the abdominal area;
• constant lethargy, decreased tone;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• suffocating cough.

Giardia in the body leads to a deterioration in well-being

Manifestation of everyone individual symptom may signal the development of other diseases. But it is better to undergo diagnostics to exclude Giardia infestation.

Diagnostics: tests for lamblia

In order to confirm giardiasis, it is necessary to carry out laboratory analysis. To do this, samples of feces, blood or duodenal contents are taken from the duodenum.

To get a 100% result, it is advisable to conduct several types of tests.

Carrying out serological analysis blood

Giardiasis treatment regimen

For cleansing internal organs Giardia requires 3 stages of treatment:

Furazolidone – 20 tablets

Medicines for Giardia

Medicines such as Tinidazole, Macmiror, Ornidazole, Chloroquine, Paromomycin will help get rid of Giardia.

1. Restoring and increasing the body's defenses involves regulating nutrition and using enzymatic and bacterial preparations.

Giardiasis can be cured folk remedies. For this, plant components are used. Here are some simple and effective recipes:

1. Garlic tincture – place 50 g of chopped garlic in 200 g of vodka. Infuse the product for 7 days in a tightly closed bottle. You need to take the tincture for 7-10 days, 3 times a day, 30 minutes before meals, adding 20 drops to 1/3 glass of water.
2. Oats – 250 g of oats, pour 1 liter of water and put on fire. You need to cook until 1/4 of the volume has evaporated. You need to drink 4 times a day, 0.5 cups. The course of treatment is 10–14 days.
3. Corn silk infusion – 1 tbsp. spoon corn silk pour 200 ml of boiling water, then leave for 3 hours. Use 4 times a day, 1 tbsp. spoon. Treatment lasts 7–15 days.

Throughout the course of treatment you must adhere to a diet. It provides for an exception simple carbohydrates, which include flour, sweets, and sausages. The basis of the diet should be porridge cooked in water, fruits, vegetables, dairy products. Fruit drinks and herbal teas are very useful.

Follow a diet when treating giardiasis

Prevention

To minimize the risk of Giardia infection, you need to follow simple rules:

• Wash your hands thoroughly before each meal.
• Drink only filtered or boiled water.
• Wash fruits and vegetables.
• Do not swim in bodies of water where there are no beaches.
• Don't bite your nails.
• Carry out regularly anthelmintic prophylaxis pets.

It is necessary to teach children to observe the rules of personal hygiene from an early age.

Today, quite a lot of people are interested in the question of how to treat Giardia.

Mainly the helminth has Negative influence on the digestive system, namely, the absorption process is disrupted useful substances from food, and malfunctions in the functioning of the entire digestive system.

Usually, when infected with this microbe, medications are prescribed that have a probicidal effect. Such medications include Furozolidone, Fazizhin or Trichopolum.

If we talk about the severity of the disease, then, for example, acute giardiasis is much less common than chronic.

Some patients, after learning about this diagnosis, wonder whether to treat Giardia. Of course, the answer in this case should be clearly positive. Moreover, it should be noted that if the patient does not treat this infection, then he may develop serious problems with health in the future.

But the therapy process itself includes several stages, or rather three, these are:

• preparatory;
• directly therapeutic;
• stage of condition stabilization.

It is clear that each of them must be carried out under strict control experienced doctor and include a number of specific actions.

There are many people's councils, which also turn out to be very effective. True, it is also very important to use them under the supervision of a specialist.

What does the preparation consist of?

In order for the treatment process to take place at the proper level, it is necessary to properly prepare for it. This period usually lasts from two to four weeks. Basically, at this stage, the main task is to remove intoxication, which in any case occurs due to the main cause of poor health - Giardia.

The basic therapy regimen consists of a properly planned menu. It is very important that the patient eats healthy foods, which are very rich in various vitamins. But when choosing a diet, you also need to remember that Giardia mainly feeds on glucose. Therefore, it is important to include foods that contain the least amount of sugar.

If we talk about how to treat Giardia with folk remedies, then in this case you need to try several decoctions based on certain herbs, namely:

• lily of the valley;
• immortelle;
• barberry.

These plants can be infused and drunk as a decoction. But besides this, you can try another remedy such as tansy. Its leaves should be chewed for one or two weeks. At the same time, we must not forget that this process should be accompanied by the consumption of plenty of fluid.

Also, many parents are interested in the question of how to treat Giardia in children with folk remedies. In this case, it is recommended to use pumpkin oil.

It is enough to take a tablespoon daily for several weeks, and Giardia should die.

In addition to the above means, experts advise using blind probing or tubing.

It happens this way: in the morning before meals you need to drink one or two yolks, and then wash it down with one glass mineral water, as well as 20-30% solution of acidic magnesia. After that, a special heating pad is placed on the stomach, namely on its right side.

It is important to then put the patient in bed; he should lie in this position for at least one and a half or even two hours. It is known that this procedure ensures the movement of the entire contents of the gallbladder into the intestine.

The second stage of treatment for lamblia

The next stage of treatment involves a series of therapeutic interventions that usually last from five to ten days. For this purpose, doctors prescribe drugs such as:

• Furazolidone;
• Metronidazole;
• Nemozol;
• Tiberal;
• McMiror.

If we talk about the first medicine, it assumes the presence of side effects such as severe itching, various types of rashes on the body, and possibly nausea.

But the second drug is considered the least toxic. It hardly causes adverse reactions and is characterized high efficiency. True, sometimes such negative consequences, How bad taste in the mouth, nausea and vomiting are possible, or headache and insomnia.

The following medicine may cause even more side symptoms. Let's say a headache, a sharp rise in temperature, impaired functioning of the kidneys and liver.

Tiberal is usually taken for only a few days, so it side effects practically do not appear. Very rarely, patients may experience changes taste qualities any product and allergic reaction on the skin.

Well, if we talk about Macmiror, it is important to note that it is drunk for seven days. Treatment is accompanied by gagging, nausea and a clear taste of bitterness in the mouth. And of course, diarrhea, heartburn or skin rash may appear.

But don’t be alarmed right away; all of the above-described adverse reactions can be avoided if you take the drug as prescribed by the doctor and follow all his advice. Also, along with these medications, doctors prescribe special antiallergic drugs that minimize the possibility of developing the side symptoms described above.

On a note! Regarding how to treat Giardia in adults with folk remedies, in this case it should be noted that good effect give foods such as garlic, fennel or raw pumpkin seeds. It is also recommended to eat fig fruits or mint leaves.

But in any case, it is always important to remember that any treatment, whether with folk remedies or medications purchased at a pharmacy, must be carried out under the supervision of a physician.

Measures to stabilize the patient's condition

The stabilizing stage of treatment consists of the patient being prescribed a series of special procedures that last from two to three weeks. The main goal of such events is to increase protective function the patient's body.

Advice! The most important thing during this period is to create comfortable conditions for the patient to allow his immune system to develop the best way and contributed to the destruction of lamblia. And, of course, minimize the possibility of bacterial growth.

As for how to treat Giardia in adults or children at this stage of therapy, it is important to follow proper diet. Doctors usually recommend consuming more fruits, fermented milk products, baked apples are very healthy, as well as purees from the same fruits and vegetables. We need to do everything possible to improve intestinal motility at this stage.

But in order to improve immunity, it is allowed to use special medications plant origin. As well as various kinds of multivitamin complexes.

Don't forget about dysbiosis, it often accompanies this disease. In this case, enzymes, prebiotics and probiotics will help.

Many doctors unanimously say that complex treatment disease involves the use of both medicines from the pharmacy and folk remedies. For example, it could be an infusion based on birch buds, rose hips, or based on poplar bark and leaves. Also don't forget about cranberry juice, decoctions of lingonberries or beets.

What is Giardia infection?

To give an accurate answer to the question of whether Giardia needs to be treated, you should initially clarify what is so special about these organisms and how exactly they affect the body of a living person.

To begin with, it should be noted that Giardia are the simplest living organisms, which are slightly larger in size than ordinary bacteria, but still smaller than worms. They become the cause of such a well-known disease as giardiasis. The disease is accompanied by a number of work disorders small intestine, and also causes deterioration in liver function, because the pathogen also affects this organ.

It is also characteristic that not only adults, but also children suffer from this disease.

Treatment of the disease should be carried out in consultation with a doctor. And then, even an experienced doctor will not prescribe any therapeutic measures until he conducts a comprehensive examination of the patient. Only after diagnosing the disease will he be able to prescribe special procedures and prescribe medications.

As mentioned above, the treatment procedure itself includes several stages. At each stage you need to follow the doctor’s clear recommendations and follow all his advice.

If you neglect this rule and start treatment on your own, you can greatly aggravate your situation and bring the disease to a chronic form.

Based on the information presented above, it becomes clear that in any case, to the question of whether Giardia should be treated, the answer will always be positive. Moreover, it is also important that this must be done strictly under the supervision of a doctor.

First of all, the doctor prescribes special measures that will help eliminate all present vomiting. Strengthen the patient's immune system and improve the functioning of his gastrointestinal tract.

Typically, the above effects are achieved in about two weeks. complex therapy. The treatment regimen in detail is as follows: the patient needs to follow strict diet, which is prescribed by the doctor. Refined carbohydrates are completely excluded from the menu, as well as any heavy food; it is better to choose lean foods that are rich in fiber.

For example, it could be porridge from any cereal, fruit or vegetable puree, or fermented milk products.

Some patients neglect these tips and believe that they don’t need to follow the diet. But this is an erroneous statement. Compliance proper diet nutrition is very necessary. Without this, it is impossible to restore health and overcome lamblia.

True, in addition to diet, at this stage of treatment you need to use special herbs or drugs that have a choleretic effect on the body. In this way, it will be possible to significantly improve the excretion of bile.

We should not forget about the need to take special enterosorbents. They will help relieve intoxication, which in any case accompanies giardiasis. For this purpose, drugs such as Enterosgel, Polysorb or Polyphepan are used.

We must not forget about taking medications that reduce the allergic reaction in the body. These include Loratodine, Desloratodine and others.

If we talk about how to treat Giardia in children, this is similar to the therapeutic measures that are recommended for adult patients. All of them are described above.

True, in addition to the tips that have already been indicated, it should also be noted that it is very important to take special enzymes that should improve the functioning of the human digestive system. Among them, Pancreatin or Creon are most often prescribed.

This is only the first stage of treatment; after it is completed, you can move on to the next step.

If we talk about older patients, they are recommended to take Aobendazole; on average, the duration of taking the medicine lasts about five days. Fazizhin is also recommended for this category of patients; they drink it for only two days, but at least four tablets must be taken at the beginning of the day. Doctors also practice treatment with Ornidazole, depending on the degree of advancedness of the disease, the doctor may prescribe taking the medicine from 1 to 10 days.

Of the above, Metronidazole and Trinidzole, as well as Macmiror, are often prescribed.

Important! Exact dosage and the duration of treatment can only be described by the attending physician. It is selected depending on individual characteristics the patient’s body and the severity of the disease.

Therefore, it is strictly not recommended to prescribe your own dosage and treatment regimen.

If we talk about how to treat Giardia cysts at the third stage, then it is important to consolidate the received therapeutic effect. And for this purpose, doctors prescribe the use of special enzymes, which were mentioned above. You also need multivitamins and adaptogens. And, of course, probiotics like Linex or Bifidumbacterin.

Usually the third stage lasts about a month, but it definitely cannot be less than two weeks.

The patient must strictly follow the diet prescribed to him. It is important to consume special bio-kefir, salads that are prepared exclusively on the basis of vegetable oil, and boiled meat, only of the low-fat variety, is also useful.

You also need to include in your diet various side dishes from vegetables and a lot of fruits, both raw and cooked.

The most popular folk recipes

Based on the information presented above, it becomes clear that the answer to the question of whether Giardia should be treated in children or adults will always be positive.

In addition to medications, there are many different folk remedies that have also shown to be highly effective.

However, you should remember that they need to be used in combination with pharmaceutical medications, otherwise the desired effect may not be achieved.

Treatment, even with folk remedies, should be started only after consultation with a doctor.

Among the most common methods are:

1. Birch leaves, as well as the buds of this plant.
2. Garlic cooked with horseradish.
3. Tincture of rowan fruits.

Many patients are interested in the question of how to treat lamblia in the liver. You can use recipes such as:

1. Carrot juice.
2. Pumpkin seeds, with a minimum daily dose of at least 50 grams.
3. Essential oil extracted from bergamot (take it for 5-6 days).
4. Dill, crushed together with caraway seeds.
5. Pine cone jam.

Of course, these are only basic tips on how to overcome Giardia. There are a number of other recommendations that will also be quite effective. But in any case, you cannot count on using only one folk recipes will help overcome the disease. It is best to combine them with traditional methods therapy.

For the first time, the causative agent of giardiasis was discovered in the fecal mucus of children with dysentery by Kharkov University professor D.F. Lamblem in the middle of the 19th century. Later, these representatives of the protozoa were identified as separate species and named Giardia in honor of the discoverer.

Rapidly multiplying in favorable conditions, Giardia is densely deposited on the surface of the villi, blocking their functions. On one square centimeter the mucosa can contain up to 1 million protozoa. In addition, Giardia, when attached to enterocytes, disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane, leading to their death.

Giardia irritates nerve endings and disrupts the integrity of vascular wall, destroying the endothelial glycocalyx - a multicomponent system that ensures the metabolism of the bloodstream.

In the intestines, Giardia forms cysts - oval formations covered with a dense membrane. Inside, the cysts also have two nuclei, a clearly visible axostyle, parabasal apparatus and supporting filaments. Unlike cysts, vegetative forms are mobile and weakly resistant to environmental factors.

Thanks to the dense shell, the cysts, once out with feces, still long time may remain invasive.

Routes of human infection

Epidemics of giardiasis have never been observed, but mass infection with Giardia cysts from reservoirs and water supply systems has been described in Sweden, Egypt, the USA, and the UK. In warm fresh water, protozoan cysts remain virulent for 1-3 months.

Giardia in the cyst stage can exist even on artificial surfaces - plastic, glass, rubber, parchment. At favorable ambient temperatures and high humidity, they can infect a person within 18-20 days from the moment they land on objects.

In rural areas, the pathogen enters the human body with vegetables from beds fertilized with feces. Cysts are found even in milk, in which they do not lose viability for a long time, and in cheese and cottage cheese up to 4 months. Boiling destroys Giardia instantly, but if violated sanitary standards, many products that have not undergone heat treatment are a source of giardiasis infection.

There is a discrepancy between how widespread carriage of giardiasis is and how small the number of cases of the disease is.

The first signs of giardiasis

Giardia causes inflammatory processes and corresponding symptoms of pathology with a decrease in general and local immunity.

All signs of the disease are observed only when Giardia is in the trophozoite stage. In the vegetative stage, they feed and reproduce, releasing waste products and toxins. At the cyst stage, Giardia does not cause symptoms and the disease occurs in a latent (hidden) form.

Signs of giardiasis are nonspecific and their manifestation depends on the location of the infectious agent.

Symptoms of Giardia in adults

Symptoms of Giardia in adults depend on the form in which the pathology occurs:

1. intestinal;
2. astheno-neurotic;
3. allergic;
4. hepatobiliary;
5. mixed.

Hepatobiliary form of giardiasis

When Giardia penetrates the liver, the outflow of bile is disrupted, and symptoms of obstructive jaundice appear:

• yellowing of the sclera of the eyes and skin;
• dryness of the epidermis;
• the appearance of cracks in the corners of the mouth (“jams”);
• drying out of the lips.

The patient's condition is aggravated by spasm of the gallbladder due to the effect on the nerve endings of toxins produced during the life of protozoa. The hepatobiliary form of the lesion can lead to cholangitis, cholecystitis or hepatocholecystitis. Some symptoms are consistent with cholelithiasis.

Intestinal form of giardiasis

Intestinal form Giardiasis is manifested by dyspeptic disorders, in which unstable stools are noted - alternating fecal masses of normal consistency with liquid and mushy ones. The feces contain a lot of mucus, but there are no traces of blood. In this form, symptoms may resemble manifestations of various gastrointestinal diseases - enterocolitis, gastroduodenitis, gastritis, acute or chronic appendicitis or erosive changes in the gastric mucosa or duodenum. The intestinal form is the leading one in the overall picture of giardiasis and manifests itself in 82% of patients. In 77%, giardiasis is accompanied by pain.

The astheno-neurotic form occurs with the following symptoms:

• increased fatigue;
• sleep disorders;
• mood changes (apathy, irritability, depression);
• pale skin.

Allergic form of giardiasis

Allergic form Giardiasis is characterized skin manifestations- eczema, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, erythema of the skin. Intoxication with a weakened immune system can lead to Quincke's edema. The toxic-allergic form causes pathologies respiratory system - bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, bronchitis. Against the background of decreased immunity, allergic forms of blepharitis and conjunctivitis are noted.

Due to the fact that the forms of pathology are different and are accompanied by various symptoms, the causes of the disease are often determined very late, when the body is heavily infected and many systems begin to suffer - digestive, circulatory, musculoskeletal, respiratory. That's why it's so important to use informative methods diagnostics to identify infectious agent on early stages infection.

Methods for diagnosing giardiasis

Accurate diagnosis of giardiasis includes laboratory, biochemical and instrumental studies.

Materials for laboratory research are:

• feces;
• duodenal contents.

In feces, a specific antigen is determined using the method of detecting monoclonal antibodies. This method makes it possible to detect the presence of Giardia even during periods when they are not excreted in feces. The disadvantage of the analysis is the availability of special equipment and trained personnel, which can only be provided by a large diagnostic center.

Detection of Giardia DNA in biological samples is the most informative, but expensive method, so conducting research using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) are done only when conducting scientific research.

To examine the condition of internal organs, hardware research methods are used:

Let's consider each of the methods in detail.

Drug treatment of giardiasis

The drugs of choice for drug treatment of giardiasis are antiprotozoal drugs, which are equally effective against protozoa and opportunistic microorganisms. Medicines for Giardia are prescribed taking into account concomitant pathologies. For example, for infections of the urogenital organs, the drugs “Makmiror”, “Furadonin”, “Furagin”, “Furazolidone” and other drugs of the nitrofuran group that have wide range actions. Furazolidone is produced in the form of granules for the treatment of giardiasis in children.

How to treat Giardia in an adult with the help of nitrofurans is indicated in the instructions for the drugs. The therapeutic dose of Macmiror for adults is 400 mg active substance, which corresponds to 2 tablets of medication, which is taken 2-3 times a day before meals. The course of treatment is 7 days. If necessary, treatment can be repeated.

"Ornidazole" ("Tiberal") is used by selecting an individual treatment regimen. It is recommended to use 1.5 grams of the substance once a day, for a course of 1-2 days.

For infections associated with yeast fungi, it is recommended to prescribe Intetrix, Chlorquinaldol, and for gastritis caused by Giardia and Helicobacter pylori, use Metronidazole.

If infestation with Giardia causes the appearance of atopic dermatitis, then Tiberal is prescribed.

The listed drugs have contraindications and cause side effects, so drug treatment should be prescribed by the attending physician. Depending on the individual characteristics of the body and concomitant diseases, the gastroenterologist will select the appropriate dosage and develop an adequate dosage regimen.

Treatment of giardiasis with folk remedies

Traditional medicine offers its own means of treating giardiasis in adults. Here are the most effective recipes.

Tincture of black poplar buds (sedge)

Ready pharmaceutical drug or a tincture prepared at home (the kidneys are filled with medical alcohol at a rate of 1:5, infused, shaking regularly, for 14 days) take 40 drops per glass warm water or milk three times a day before meals. The course of treatment is 20-30 days.

Eucalyptus globulus tincture

Also available in pharmacies. If you wish, you can prepare it yourself, fill 1/3 of a half-liter bottle with finely chopped fresh leaves and filling the raw material with sugar to ½ the volume of the bottle. Shaking occasionally, wait for the juice to form and fill the container to the top with alcohol. Leave for a week without access to light. To treat giardiasis, dilute 5 ml of the resulting tincture in 1 tablespoon of water and take daily 3 times a day an hour before meals. The course of treatment is 1-2 months.

Water infusion of corn silk

To obtain the medicine, pour 200 ml of boiling water over 10 grams of raw material and leave covered for 2 hours. Drink the infusion 1-2 tablespoons 3-4 times a day until complete recovery.

Oatmeal is used to treat Giardia in the liver.

To obtain the medicine, take 1 cup of unpeeled oats and add 1 liter of water. The container with the dubage components is simmered over low heat or in the oven until ¾ of the liquid remains in the container. Take 2 glasses 3-4 times a day. A heating pad is placed on the liver at night. The course of treatment is a week. Then a week break and treatment can be repeated. Dubazh is used and how prophylactic for cleaning the bile ducts. For prevention, drink the decoction once a year in the recommended course.

Infusion of walnut leaves

Pour 3 teaspoons of crushed dry nut leaves into 2 cups of boiling water and leave covered for half an hour. Drink warm, dividing the resulting infusion into several doses. Use until complete recovery.

The use of herbal medicines prepared according to healers’ recipes does not cancel drug treatment pathology. Infusions and decoctions for giardiasis can be used both simultaneously with medications and in between courses.

Bioactive substances medicinal plants may cause an allergic reaction in the patient, so their use must be agreed upon with a gastroenterologist.

To increase the effectiveness of both types of treatment, the patient must adhere to a special diet.

The diet for giardiasis should include pectin-containing products:

• rice water;
• baked apples;
• apple and carrot puree;
• blueberry jelly, etc.

Pectin is a natural sorbent and helps cleanse the body of Giardia waste products and the toxins they produce.

For warning reinfection it is necessary to apply infection prevention measures.

Giardia in the liver: symptoms and treatment

Introduction of Giardia into the liver causes clinical picture, characteristic of cholecystitis, angiocholitis and even cirrhosis of the liver.

Giardia cholecystitis is manifested by the following symptoms:

• pain in the form of hepatic colic or dull nagging pain worse after eating;
• sometimes there is a large amount of bile in the vomit;
• increased salivation;
• diarrhea;
• yellowing of the whites of the eyes and skin;
• increase in body temperature.

Liver and gallbladder upon palpation cause pain. The liver is enlarged, its edge protrudes from under the costal arch. Giardia cholecystitis without the addition of a secondary infection can imitate the symptoms of cholelithiasis.

To stimulate organ functions and cleanse the bile ducts, it is prescribed choleretic drugs- “Nicodin”, “Cholestil”, “Osalmid”, “Tanaflon”, etc.

With timely adequate therapy The prognosis for treatment of giardia cholecystitis is positive.

Disease prevention

An important step in the prevention of giardiasis is the sanitization of the environment, which can be a source of infection. The risk group includes patients with dyspeptic disorders, diseases of the digestive system and immunodeficiency.

To prevent food contamination, catering workers and enterprises Food Industry should be tested for giardiasis. If carriers or patients with giardiasis are found, they must be treated.

In order to exclude possible ways infection with giardiasis, water bodies and reservoirs should be protected from discharge Wastewater, soil - from the application of feces as fertilizers. Settlements must be provided with clean drinking water and quality sewerage facilities.

To explain the importance of compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards, educational work should be carried out with the population. First of all, information should be communicated to risk groups.

Giardiasis is classified as follows:

1. The asymptomatic form is a carrier state.
2. The clinically manifested form is giardiasis itself as a disease.

ICD-10 code

A07.1 Giardiasis (giardiasis)

Forms of giardiasis and their main symptoms

Giardia enters the intestines as immobile and protected from external influences cysts, which are then transformed into a mobile and multiplying vegetative form of trophozoids. It is the trophozoids that attach to the intestinal mucosa (including the duodenum) and begin to feed intensively and quickly reproduce, forming valuable colonies. Then the cycle of their immobility begins again, during which some of the trophozoids pass into the form of cysts and end up in the large intestine, from where they can “break free,” that is, leave the body with feces. And so in a circle...

While trophozoids sit in the human intestine, they manage to cause a lot of symptoms, although, according to infectious disease doctors, in almost every fourth case of Giardia infestation, the disease is asymptomatic (the so-called latent giardiasis). According to WHO, the global scale of Giardia infection is up to 20% of the population, among children under 7 years old - almost 30%.

There are two main forms of giardiasis: acute and chronic.

Clinical forms of giardiasis

• Intestinal form - dyspepsia, defecation disorders (constipation or diarrhea), secondary malabsorption, flatulence, often - nausea and general fatigue. Often intestinal giardiasis manifests symptoms as false appendicitis.
• Hepatobiliary form - reduced, insufficient secretion of bile (cholestasis), bile duct dyskinesia (biliary duct dyskinesia) with all associated symptoms– spastic pain, nausea up to vomiting, pain in right side epigastrium, radiating to the scapula or shoulder. Often in this form, giardiasis manifests symptoms as typical gastroduodenitis or pancreatitis.
• Asthenoneurotic form - all neurological symptoms: signs similar to the manifestation vegetative-vascular dystonia, headache, sleep disturbances, weight loss, fatigue.
• Allergic form (toxic-allergic) - rashes on the skin, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, all signs of an allergic reaction up to Quincke's edema.

Giardiasis, the symptoms of which are nonspecific, is difficult to diagnose in initial stage infections, since the complaints presented by patients are extremely similar to signs of classic intestinal, liver or neurological pathologies. The only one regarding characteristic symptom Giardiasis can serve as a chronic digestive disorder. Gastroenterologists specify suspicions of giardiasis using anamnestic information, laboratory diagnostics, including serological research methods, OAC, biochemical analysis blood serum and scatological examination. Also Clinical signs diseases are specified by the method and routes of Giardia invasion.

Giardiasis, the symptoms of which may become more obvious as the disease progresses, can last for years. Clinical manifestations are not characteristic and specific for this disease.

Acute giardiasis

Acute giardiasis usually appears 7-10 days after infection, but incubation period may continue whole month. Diagnostically significant symptoms Giardiasis include:

• diarrhea (diarrhea);
• cramps and bloating in the abdomen;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• temperature increase;
• pain in the epigastric region;
• increased fatigue and general malaise;
• decreased appetite and weight loss.

It should be borne in mind that diarrhea with giardiasis is profuse, watery, foul-smelling, yellowish in color, and may contain elements of mucus. And feces with giardiasis have a pale color, Strong smell and oiliness. This is all a typical sign of steatorrhea, that is, increased excretion of fats from the body due to impaired absorption in the intestines (malabsorption).

The temperature during giardiasis does not rise for everyone, and if it does rise, it does not last for long and, as a rule, does not exceed +37.8-38°C.

Pain during giardiasis - in the epigastric region, closer to the right hypochondrium - can be pulling or sharp, but always cramping. Often they can even be mistaken for pain due to inflammation of the appendix. In addition, increased pain during giardiasis is provoked by food containing high content fat

Chronic giardiasis

Chronic giardiasis develops from an untreated acute form, which could be asymptomatic. Symptoms of giardiasis with chronic form diseases are as follows:

• periodic diarrhea followed by constipation;
• flatulence;
• belching rotten or bitter;
• nausea;
• pain in the epigastric region;
• yellow plaque on the tongue;
• poor appetite;
• decreased level of hemoglobin in the blood (anemia);
• pale skin;
• headaches and dizziness;
• increased irritability, feeling tired, restless sleep.

Infectious disease specialists and gastroenterologists also differentiate intestinal, hepatic and biliary-pancreatic forms of giardiasis. With intestinal giardiasis, the symptoms are similar to inflammation duodenum(duodenitis) or with inflammation of the small and large intestines (enterocolitis). The hepatic form of giardiasis has a clinical picture of inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) and inflammation bile ducts(cholangitis). And the biliary-pancreatic form is characterized by manifestations of signs of inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis).

Giardiasis and allergies

The ability of Giardia to cause an allergic reaction in the body should be considered separately. And that's why.

WITH intestinal manifestations doctors analyze stool (and, if necessary, the contents of the duodenum) for the presence of trophozoites and Giardia cysts in it - to confirm the alleged invasion. But when against the backdrop of everyone intestinal symptoms rashes occur with giardiasis or acne with giardiasis, it is necessary to conduct a serological study with intradermal tests, that is, determine the presence in the serum blood IgM And IgG antibodies. If antibodies are detected, then patients can call their disease serological giardiasis, although doctors do not have such a term.

Why does a rash appear with giardiasis, reminiscent of rubella rashes and representing atopic dermatitis? Accompanied by severe itching of the skin, urticaria during giardiasis is an allergy. AND increased sensitivity body (sensitization) connects giardiasis and hair loss, peeling of the skin, and inflammation of the ciliary edge of the eyelids (blepharitis).

Giardia waste products, destroyed cyst shells resembling arthropod chitin, iron-sulfur proteins produced by mitosomes, as well as protein substances Giardia cell membranes create a powerful “springboard” for the response of the human immune system to foreign protein components. And then we see external manifestations this reaction: rash with giardiasis and cough with giardiasis.

Consequences and complications of giardiasis

The consequences of giardiasis occur in the absence of treatment. And if the disease is detected and adequate measures are taken therapeutic measures(taking drugs such as Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Albendazole or Nitazoxanide), then in a week the person will be completely healthy.

But the complications of giardiasis, which has turned into chronic illness, very serious. Colonization of the intestine - especially with weakened immunity - leads to inflammation of the intestinal mucous membranes and atrophy of their villi, which causes a violation of intestinal absorption. Because of this, weight loss occurs and health deteriorates.

Some studies have shown that giardiasis should be considered as a cause of vitamin B12 deficiency as a result of problems caused in the absorption system nutrients in the intestines. And a deficiency of this vitamin, as is known, can cause persistent iron deficiency anemia.

According to statistics, subclinical giardiasis is detected randomly in 45-49% of patients with comprehensive examination organs abdominal cavity And instrumental methods intestinal studies. Giardiasis, the symptoms of which manifest themselves clearly, is diagnosed in 15-35% of the total estimated number of infected patients. Symptoms of dyspepsia are typical for children under 12-15 years of age; in older age groups, typical signs of giardiasis are pain syndromes in the epigastric region. In middle-aged and elderly people, giardiasis exhibits symptoms of an allergic and neurological nature. There are frequent cases of self-healing without medication aimed at the invasion. In addition, activation of the immune system as part of the treatment of the underlying or concomitant diagnosed disease can help cure undiagnosed giardiasis. Also, independent neutralization of giardiasis invasion can occur due to the restoration of normal stomach acidity and intestinal microflora.