Hot flashes at 30 years old. What are the dangers of early menopause, its signs and treatment methods?

Possible causes of early menopause in women 30 years old:

1. Ovarian hypofunction.
2. Violation of the biological feedback of the ovaries to the stimulation of gonadotropins.
3. Hereditary predisposition. If a similar picture was observed in close female relatives (mother, grandmother, sister).
4. Disease endocrine system.
5. Ovarian dysgenesis.
6. Resistant ovarian syndrome - primary or secondary amenorrhea, infertility.
7. Consequences of radiation therapy.
8. Consequences of chemotherapy.
9. Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome – congenital pathology associated with a deviation in the number of sex chromosomes.
10. Chronic inflammation in the pelvic organs and tissues genitourinary system.
11. Genetic mutations
12. Numerous abortions and gynecological cleansings.
13. Surgical intervention carried out on the ovaries.
14. Injuries to the pelvic area.
15. Benign or malignant neoplasm of the genitourinary system.
16. Disorders, diseases and injuries of the hypothalamic-pituitary region.
17. Other autoimmune processes.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of menopause is due to age or pathological changes, affecting the functioning of the hypothalamus, which leads to a weakening of connections with and control over the pituitary gland.

The pituitary gland is responsible for normal work endocrine and gonads. Therefore, its dysfunction leads to a decrease in the level of hormone production in the gonads with a further decrease in their blood levels. All these pathogenetic mechanisms lead to early menopause.

Symptoms of early menopause in women

Highlight following symptoms early menopause in women 30 years old:

• The appearance of “hot flashes”: a woman either throws herself into the cold with droplets of sweat appearing on her face, or feels a rapid rush of blood to her face and upper limbs. The skin becomes red.
• Chilling may occur.
• May be observed sharp jumps blood pressure.
• Palpitations, tachycardia.
• Sleep disturbance, drowsiness.
• Attacks of headaches and dizziness.
• Promotion emotional instability: mood swings, irritability, frequent depression, aggressiveness.
• Memory impairment, impaired concentration.
• Decreased libido.
• Dryness of the labia, itching in intimate places.
• Urinary incontinence and painful urination.
• The appearance of pain during sexual intercourse.
• Deterioration of the skin and hairline, nail plates. Elasticity is lost, they become dry and brittle. Possible increased hair loss.

First signs

The very first signs of approaching menopause in most cases are:

• Violation menstrual cycle: lengthening, shortening, complete disappearance of menstruation.
• The appearance of symptoms of hot flashes.
• Changes in emotional status: irritability, short temper, depression, the woman becomes absent-minded, problems with short-term memory appear
• Sleep disturbance.
• The appearance of problems with urination.
• Weight gain.
• Deterioration of condition skin, hair and nail plates.

Stages

The specialist determines three degrees of manifestations of the menopausal process:

1. Mild symptoms. A woman is able to lead a very high-quality life and fully perform her work (up to ten daily tides).
2. Average level. There is significant sleep disturbance, memory problems, the patient suffers from frequent, prolonged headaches and dizziness, problems with urination, and performance suffers (up to twenty daily hot flashes).
3. Severe degree of manifestation. Loss of performance, high intensity pathological symptoms.

Complications and consequences

The consequences of severe manifestations of early menopause can be pathological, sometimes irreversible, changes in a woman’s body. During this period it falls immune status women, which entails frequent colds and infectious diseases. The body simply does not have the strength to fight external invasion.

With early menopause, a woman begins to age earlier.

The skin loses collagen, becoming drier and wrinkled, becoming covered with pigment spots.

Unpleasant changes affect both the primary sexual characteristics of a woman (dryness and burning in the area of ​​the labia and vagina) and secondary ones (the shape is lost). mammary glands, the breasts become saggy).

A woman experiences an increase in fat layers in her problem areas(thighs and buttocks).

Early menopause in women over 30 years old can cause a number of complications:

• Pathological processes affect the cardiovascular system. There is a high risk of developing strokes and heart attacks.
• Hormonal imbalance can provoke the development of malignant and benign tumors of the mammary gland or ovaries.
• The mineral saturation of bone tissue deteriorates, which leads to the development of osteoporosis and frequent fractures.
• Development of atherosclerosis.
• Obesity.
• Infertility.
• Development of arterial hypertension.
• Diabetes.

Diagnosis of early menopause in women

Diagnosis of early menopause in women over 30 years old involves conducting and analyzing the results of a number of activities:

• Analysis of health complaints.
• Analysis of anamnesis.
• Examination of a woman by a gynecologist. Examination of the mammary glands.
• Carrying out laboratory tests:
  • General analysis urine.
  • General and biochemical blood test.
  • Carrying out a progesterone test.
  • Cytogenetic study of smear.
  • Determination of the level of oncological markers.
  • Obtaining a lipid profile - a blood test that allows you to assess the level and nature of lipid composition: low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipoproteins high density(HDL).
• Carrying out instrumental diagnostics:
  • Densitometry - qualitative and quantification mineral density of bone tissue.
  • Ultrasound internal organs abdominal cavity.
• Consultation and examination by other specialists.
• Carrying out differential diagnosis:
  • Exclusion of diseases that manifest similar symptoms.
  • Full analysis obtained results. Establishing diagnosis.
  • Determination of the stage of pathological changes.

Analyzes

Laboratory tests:

• General and biochemical tests blood.
• Blood test for FSH (follicle stimulating hormone). This is one of the main studies indicative of menopause. Estrogen levels are rapidly approaching zero.
• General urine analysis.
• Bacteriological and bacterioscopic analysis of vaginal discharge.
• Analysis of the level of hormones of the pituitary-gonadotropic system. Blood test for estradiol. During menopause, this indicator is below normal (35 pmol/l). The level of luteinizing hormones is increased (equal to or more than 52.30 mU/ml).
• Carrying out a progesterone test. In the situation under consideration it is negative.
• PAP test - Papanicolaou smear. Cytological analysis of a vaginal smear. The sample is examined in a laboratory under a microscope.
• If necessary, immunohistochemistry with tumor markers can be performed - this study is performed only for those patients who are suspected of having a malignant pathology.

Instrumental diagnostics

Instrumental diagnostics used for early menopause in women:

• X-ray examination of the mammary glands (mammography).
• Densitometry is an assessment of bone mineral density, which will allow assessing the degree of osteoporosis.
• X-ray of bone tissue.
• Electrocardiography.
• Ultrasound of the uterus and appendages.
• Ultrasound of the vascular system.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis this physiological process consists of:

• Analysis of patient complaints.
• Analysis of female anamnesis.
• Considering her age.
• The results of her examination.
• Results of laboratory and instrumental studies.
• Results of a consultative examination by other specialists.

In this case, the specialist should determine the stage at which the pathology is located. This is necessary to select the most adequate treatment protocol.

Treatment of early menopause in women

Treatment of early menopause in women over 30 years of age is usually based on hormone replacement therapy, the essence of which is to replenish the missing amount of the hormone that the woman’s body is deficient in.

This can significantly improve the quality of life and prevent the risk of developing a number of complications.

This treatment is carried out using both medicinal and non-medicinal methods.

Non-medicinal products include herbal decoctions and infusions, as well as food products that are sources natural estrogens. For example, this is soy and products based on it.

Medication medicines, prescribed for early menopause in women over 30 years of age, are drugs based on two hormonal components: estrogen and progestogen. The first has a beneficial effect on hormone-dependent cellular structures. The second prevents excessive proliferation of the uterine endometrium, the formation and development of cancerous tumors.

Combined drugs: Mercilon, rigevidon, Novinet, Diane-35 and a number of others.

Such patients are at high risk of developing osteoporosis, so for prevention of this disease she is prescribed a vitamin complex mineral preparations which are based on:

1. Bisphosphonates: fosamax, pamiphos, bonefos, pamidronate, aredia, syndronate, pamitor, osteomax, loron, pamiredin, lindron, pamired, clodrone and others.
2. Calcium compounds - they saturate bone tissue with this element, making them stronger. These drugs include: calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, vitacalcin and a number of others.
3. Vitamin D is required, which is responsible for human body for the regulation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism. From this group we can name: aquadetrim, vigantol, alfadol, oxidevit, etalfa, zempplpr and many others.

IN complex treatment may also include homeopathic medicines, remedies traditional medicine, water therapy, physiotherapeutic techniques, a properly selected set of exercises and sanatorium-resort treatment.

An integrated approach to the treatment of early menopause in women over 30 years old can effectively solve the problem of the onset of menopause.

Medicines

The first and main group in the treatment protocol for early menopause in women over 30 years old are medications belonging to the group of hormonal drugs. It is very important that a woman’s body receives both estrogen and progestogen. Therefore, two single drugs or one complex drug is prescribed, which contains both of these hormones.

Estrogen containing drugs: estrogel, hormoplex, ces, premarin, dermestril, estrocad, climara, estrofem, divigel, microfollin, ovestin, progynova, estrimax and others.

Microfollin taken orally at 0.01 – 0.06 mg daily. A more specific dosage is prescribed by the attending physician in each specific case individually.

It is not permitted to assign this medicinal product if the patient has a history of hypersensitivity to the components, a cancerous tumor (or there is suspicion of its presence), internal bleeding, tendency to form blood clots.

Progestagen-containing drugs: Depo-Provera, Prajisan, Progesterone, Depostat, Orgametril, Livial, Duphaston, Norkolut, Primolut-nor, Provera, Progestogel and others.

Progesterone It is prescribed to a woman in the form of injections (or tablet form) 5 ml daily, or 10 ml once every two days. In this situation this drug is taken by the patient together with a drug containing estrogen.

Contraindications for taking the drug include severe liver dysfunction, malignant lesions of the mammary gland and reproductive organs women, tendency to form blood clots.

Complex drugs: cycloprogin, Clymene, Mercilon, Divin, Rigevidon, Livial, Femoston, Novinet, Diane-35, Cliogest and a number of others.

A very important point in taking rigevidon is that it should be drunk with a sufficient amount of liquid, one tablet, daily, at the same time. Missing even one appointment is not allowed.

Contraindications include severe liver damage, a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathologies, a tendency to form blood clots, cancerous tumor, severe forms hypertension and a number of others.

With varying severity of early menopause, various hormonal drugs are prescribed.

The same is done symptomatic treatment. If the patient has become depressed, she is prescribed antidepressants (benactizine, hydroxyzine, clobazam, phenazepam, meprobamate, gidazepam) if she is worried high performance blood pressure, apply antihypertensive drugs(enam, losartan, enap). For nervousness, sleep disturbance and absent-mindedness, sedatives are suitable: afobazole, persen, novo-passit, atarax, adaptol, phenibut, motherwort tablets.

To prevent osteoporosis, vitamins are prescribed - mineral complexes containing vitamin D (aquadetrim, vigantol, alfadol, oxidevit, etalfa, zemplepr), bisphosphonates (bonefos, pamidronate, syndronate, pamitor, osteomax, pamiredin, pamired) and calcium preparations (calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, vitacalcin).

Traditional treatment

When early menopause occurs, traditional treatment methods can be used.

They can only be used with the permission of the attending physician. Traditional medicine is helper method treatment of pathological symptoms of early menopause in a 30-year-old woman.

Herbal treatment

Herbal treatment of early menopause in women over 30 years old is the main method of traditional medicine. Here are a few recipes that can help a woman and alleviate her condition.

Recipe No. 1

1. One tablespoon hog uterus add 200 ml of liquid to boiling water.
2. Place on low heat using a steam bath and leave for a quarter of an hour from the moment it boils.
3. Set aside and do not touch for four hours.
4. Strain and drink one tablespoon at a time, making four to five approaches throughout the day. Duration therapeutic therapy- three months.

Recipe No. 2

1. 50 g dried herb hog queen place in a container into which 400 ml of alcohol or vodka is added.
2. Seal the container well and place it in a dark place for three weeks.
3. Take the resulting tincture 15-30 drops three times a day. The duration of treatment is three months.

Recipe No. 3

1. One tablespoon of dried and finely chopped root red brush combine with 300 ml of just boiled water.
2. Place on low heat and leave for five minutes from the moment it boils.
3. Strain the broth and drink half a glass, making three approaches throughout the day.
4. For greater effectiveness, it is advisable to take the medicine 15 minutes before meals. If desired, you can sweeten with one teaspoon of honey.

Recipe No. 4

1. 50 g dried root red brush Place in a container and add 500 ml of alcohol or vodka.
2. Seal the container and place it in a dark place for a month.
3. Take the resulting tincture 30–40 drops three times a day. To obtain greater effectiveness, it is recommended to take the medicine half an hour before meals.

Recipe No. 5

1. 15 g white mistletoe In one container, combine with a glass of boiling water.
2. Leave the container to steep for a couple of hours.
3. Take the resulting tincture one tablespoon three times throughout the day. The recommended time of administration is 15–20 minutes before meals.

Homeopathy

Homeopathy for early menopause in women over 30 years old helps eliminate its symptoms. Homeopathic medicines have an estrogen-like and sedative effect, relieve symptoms of dizziness and headaches, normalize sleep and reduce the intensity of hot flashes.

The duration of such therapy is on average up to six months. The following homeopreparations are often used: estrovel, remens, climaxan, feminal, qi-clim, climactoplan.

Klimaktoplan is prescribed in the form of tablets, taken orally one or two tablets three times throughout the day. The medicine is administered orally and kept in the mouth until it is completely dissolved. Recommended administration time is 30 minutes before or after meals.

Contraindications to Climactoplan include only individual intolerance to one or more components of the drug.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment as a method of solving the problem of early menopause is usually not used. Doctors are trying to the last to save a woman’s reproductive organs, leaving her the opportunity to conceive, bear and give birth to a child in the future.

But the reasons why a specialist may decide to perform an operation:

Forecast

No specialist will undertake to assess an unambiguous prognosis of early menopause in women over 30. In this case, everything is quite individual.

As shown medical practice, if a woman has not had a period for six months, then about one percent of women still have a chance of spontaneous return of the menstrual cycle and the opportunity to become pregnant and become a mother.

The prognosis for most women depends on how timely the woman sought help from qualified specialist. If all the doctor’s recommendations were written out and carefully followed, replacement therapy allows a woman to maintain high-quality active life. And when planning a pregnancy, it is easy to conceive, carry and give birth to a healthy and strong baby.

If a woman has not consulted a doctor and has early menopause, then long-term estrogen deficiency has every chance at some point to provoke the development of malignant lesions of the breast, uterus or ovaries. There is a high probability of complications that have already been noted in this article: osteoporosis, cardiovascular vascular diseases and a number of others.

Hormonal changes in the body occur at a certain period in the life of every woman. First, reproductive function stops, and then menstrual function. This physiological process The period during which changes occur in the body is called menopause.

On average, it occurs in women aged 50 years. But there is also menopause at 30 years old. This is not necessarily a pathology, although a pathological menopause is not excluded. Early period menopause is often caused by stress, not in the right way life, etc.

Stages of menopause

• Premenopause

It begins before the end of menstruation, which usually begins at the age of 40-50 years. But in women with pathologies or other factors influencing the onset of early menopause, it can begin at 30 years of age.

There is a decline in ovarian function. The duration of menopause is 15-18 months. Ovulation stops and conception during this period is problematic, but protection is still necessary to avoid an unplanned pregnancy.

The intervals between menstruation will increase, their duration, as well as blood loss will decrease. This is one of the signs of menopause. The duration of perimenopause lasts from the first irregular period to the last menstruation.

It is very rare, but it happens that menopause at 30 lasts up to five years. During menopause, the female body reduces the amount of hormones produced (estrogen and progesterone). On the contrary, the amount of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced in excess.

Also, during menopause, the level male hormones, which are present in the female body, may not decrease as actively as estrogen and progestan, which will lead to heperandrogenism (increased amount of male hormones in the female body). This may lead to weight gain. That is, during menopause, eating the usual amount of food leads to obesity. And sometimes it leads to the opposite result.

• Menopause

This next year after the end of menstruation. The normal age for menopause is 50-52 years. This is a normal age for normal menopause without pathologies. But with early menopause, menopause can occur at the age of 30-35 years. At this time, the level of FSH increases and there is a risk of osteoporosis, as well as diabetes mellitus with subsequent obesity.

• Postmenopause

It begins a year after the end of the last menstruation. During this period, there is still a risk of increased FSH in both the blood and urine. But the symptoms characteristic of menopause disappear. The climax continues.

The onset of menopause very much depends on the characteristics of the woman’s body. And for accuracy you need to contact a gynecologist-endocrinologist. Moreover, all women should visit a doctor at least once every six months, regardless of age. Which in turn can prevent early menopause.

Women who neglect this or simply cannot find free time only accelerate the process of its onset.

Signs of early menopause

If a woman begins menopause at the age of 30, then pathology should not be ruled out either. In most cases, pathological menopause can be determined by disorders nervous system And characteristic features may be:

• Causeless headache of any nature,
• chills without signs of fever,
• dizziness.

And also the psycho-emotional state:

• Irritation,
• tendency to sudden mood swings and feelings of panic,
• insomnia,
• fatigue,
• decreased sexual desire.

Consequences for a woman’s body

Due to metabolic disorders, obesity occurs during menopause, which is difficult to combat.

Menopause, according to gynecologists, is a natural stage in the life of every woman. But it’s one thing when it comes at the age of 50, then the woman is mentally ready for it. If menopause occurs at the age of 30, this is a tragedy for a woman, because she is still in full bloom, young and beautiful, and besides, she had many plans for the future, which, unfortunately, will remain unrealized. The onset of menopause is a harbinger of withering of the body, which cannot be a cause for concern.

Early menopause causes a lack of ovarian function when the ovary lacks follicles or is impaired in its ability to respond normally to stimulation by gonadotropins. The difference between early menopause and normal menopause is that the first can occur at 45 years of age or even earlier (in some cases, menopause can begin at 40 or even 31 years of age). What causes early menopause? How does this condition manifest itself? What methods of treatment and prevention exist if menopause is at 30 years old?

Forms of menopause

During diagnosis, it is very important to determine the severity of early menopause, which will allow you to select the optimal therapy. The following forms exist:

• light. Hot flashes up to 10 times during the day, but the woman can work quite normally and the condition is regarded as normal.
• moderate severity. The number of hot flashes can be up to 20 times during the day, performance and memory also deteriorate and problems with sleep are noted, headaches often occur, and dizziness may occur.
• heavy. With this form, a woman can no longer work, due to the severe severity of menopause symptoms.

It follows that the form of severity of early menopause can be determined by the number of hot flashes, as well as the woman’s ability to work. The severity of early menopause has nothing to do with the time of its development. It also happens that from the very beginning, the degree of early menopause in women is a severe form of the condition, which can cause various types of complications immediately or subsequently.

What triggers the onset of early menopause?

Among the main reasons that can lead to the development of early menopause are the following:

• premature ovarian depletion;
• incorrect formation of the ovaries (dysgenesis) during the embryonic period;
• ovarian resistance.

These processes are provoked by factors:

• genetic changes;
• incorrect number of sex chromosomes;
• development of autoimmune processes;
• the use of radiation therapy in the treatment of oncology;
• surgical interventions on the ovaries, including their total removal;
• the use of chemotherapy drugs that damage follicles;
• chronic inflammatory process in the ovaries.

How does the onset of menopause manifest itself?

The symptoms indicating the onset of early menopause are the same as with normal menopause. The only difference is the age at which it begins to appear. So, a woman is bothered by the following symptoms:

• frequent hot flashes;
• chills;
• sudden changes in blood pressure;
• headache;
• irritability;
• insomnia or, conversely, constant desire sleep;
• aggressiveness that occurs without a reason;
• memory impairment and decreased intelligence;
• itching and dryness in the vagina;
• urinary incontinence;
• pain during sex, as well as when urinating (no inflammation);
• too dry skin;
• hair falls out and nails break.

Can there be complications with early menopause?

With a decrease in estrogens in the female body, which have a protective effect, pathological processes develop in the body, and early menopause develops. Among possible complications the following states should be distinguished:

• Osteoporosis. Due to a decrease in bone mineral density, they become weak, which can provoke frequent fractures.
• Diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
• Atherosclerosis.
• Alzheimer's disease.
• Obesity caused by diabetes or hypertension. There is also a risk of cancer, so regular examination is required to prevent unpleasant complications.

Diagnostic methods

To diagnose ovarian failure during early menopause, a test for hormone levels is performed. Among the main diagnostic criteria, the following should be highlighted: reduced level estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone, the use of progesterone does not cause menstruation, cyclic hormonal drugs cause menstruation.

To identify gonadal dysgenesis, a cytogenetic study is performed to determine the number of chromosomes, including sex ones, in chromosome set. Carrying out such a study makes it possible to determine which genetic syndrome is occurring.

Diagnostics also includes the following types of studies that allow us to assess the condition of organs that are affected when the amount of estrogen in a woman’s body decreases:

• Doppler examination of blood vessels.
• X-ray examination of bones.
• Lipidogram (determining the level of fats in the blood and cholesterol levels).
• Densitometry (assessment of bone mineral density).

A visit to a neurologist is also necessary, which makes it possible to assess the woman’s neurological status. In some cases, consultation with a psychiatrist may be required.

Therapy for premature menopause

What to do if menopause starts early? The basis of treatment is hormone replacement therapy. To improve the quality of life of a woman with early menopause, the introduction of estrogen hormones is required. This will allow you to delay the symptoms of early menopause, as well as get pregnant if the woman wants it. Hormone replacement therapy can be used in women up to about 55 years of age, when it is normal for menstruation to stop.

Gonadal dysgenesis requires the most complex therapy for infertility in early menopause. In this case, donor eggs can be used for conception with properly selected hormonal therapy. Removal of the gonads is carried out if a woman has a Y chromosome in her chromosome set. This measure is necessary to prevent the possibility of ovarian cancer due to improper hormonal stimulation.

In cases where severe ovarian depletion occurs, a preparatory stage and egg donation. This is necessary so that the uterus increases in size, the sensitivity of the receptors of the reproductive organ increases, and the endometrium grows so that an egg can be implanted into it after fertilization.

With the help of treatment hormonal drugs, manages to restore normal condition tissues that are dependent on the level of female sex hormones, and reduce the symptoms of early menopause.

But treatment should be comprehensive, combining hormonal medications and non-drug methods. Hormonal drugs, which are indicated for normalizing hormonal levels during early menopause in women, include two components:

• Estrogens (positively affecting tissues dependent on the level of hormones in the body).
• Progesterones (protect the endometrium, but the risk of developing cancer increases). To reduce this negative property of the latter, it is important that these hormones are combined in the drug prescribed for treatment.

Women who have been diagnosed with “early menopause” and prescribed treatment with hormonal replacement drugs must be constantly monitored by a doctor. And to determine the effectiveness of treatment with such drugs, examinations are carried out: X-ray examination mammary glands, ultrasound of the uterus with appendages, densitometry, which makes it possible to control bone density.

For osteoporosis in women with early menopause, additional treatment is required, which includes calcium preparations and compounds of this element, bisphosphonates (activate cells that restore bone tissue, suppress the activity of cells that have a destructive effect on bones), vitamin D. The same medications are also prescribed as a prophylaxis against osteoporosis.

What should be the lifestyle and nutrition during early menopause?

If menopause occurs prematurely, it is extremely important to healthy image life:

• Refuse bad habits(alcohol, smoking, caffeine).
• Physical activity should be sufficient.
• Bring your psycho-emotional state back to normal (avoid stressful situations).

If we talk about nutrition, then a woman’s diet should contain vegetable oils and fish in large quantities, which will help prevent the development of atherosclerosis. Fatty varieties exclude meat, all kinds of sausages and fried foods if possible.

It is very important that the female body receives sufficient quantity calcium (at least 1 g per day), which is found in the following products: broccoli, sesame seeds, cabbage, celery, spinach, dairy products.

Along with the diet, bisphosphonates are prescribed (drugs whose action is aimed at maintaining mineral balance; their components take an active part in the construction of bone tissue).

We can conclude that early menopause in women is not only a gynecological problem for women. This phenomenon is reflected throughout the body, which is explained by the systemic effect of estrogens on many organs and systems. That is why, with early menopause in women, an integrated approach is required to solve the problem. But you shouldn’t let the problem take its course. Treatment in this situation is very important, because it helps prevent the occurrence of serious complications, in particular problems in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels. And thanks to modern technologies, a woman can even become pregnant if she so desires. Therefore, you should not despair and withdraw into yourself, and a qualified doctor will select effective medications.

Hormonal changes in the female body occur in everyone over a certain period of time. Initially, the ovaries produce fewer sex hormones, and this can lead to a subsequent gradual cessation of menstruation - this is how the reproductive functions of every woman fade away!

The physiologically normal attenuation process briefly described above reproductive functions In women, which usually begins after forty-five years, it is commonly called menopause.

Most often, the period preceding the complete cessation of menstruation and, accordingly, the inability to conceive a child is accompanied by classic symptoms of menopause: hot flashes, nausea, headaches, irritability, sweating, there may be tachycardia, arrhythmia, etc.

However, today we would like to draw attention to situations where women experience early menopause at 30 years of age. Situations when a young woman loses the ability to give birth to children at 25, 28, 32 years old or immediately after puberty cannot be called standard or completely normal.

Early menopause, most often, occurs more severely, unpleasant symptoms of hormonal imbalance are more pronounced, the first signs of menstrual, psychological, autonomic disorders more aggressive.

At the same time, early menopause at 36 years old may well be caused by certain pathologies in the body, stressful situations, not an adequate lifestyle.

Why does the average woman develop early menopause at 30 years old (25, 28, 35, 37, 38, 39 or 32 years old), what to do when detecting the first symptoms and signs of approaching menopause at this age. Let's figure it out together!

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Symptoms of natural (normal) menopause

First of all, it should be said that normally menopause should occur in older women, say at 52-53 years old. At the same time, symptoms of hormonal imbalance as menopause approaches should normally be moderately intense. What are these symptoms?

Signs of age hormonal changes, the approach to menopause can normally be as follows:

Let us repeat, if the described symptoms occur at 53-54 years of age and even after 55 years of age, have a non-aggressive course, and are not complicated by concomitant pathology, treat this state there is no need - this is a normal state.

But, unfortunately, this does not always happen and menopausal syndrome can overtake very young women at 39, 38, 37, 35 and even 32 years old, which is definitely not included in the concept of normal.

How common is it to go through menopause at age 30?

We must understand that hormonal imbalance, decline of reproductive functions and, accordingly, symptoms of approaching menopause can appear at any age - 39, 38, 37, 35, even at 32 years old. Of course, the thirty-year mark is also no exception.

Moreover, any gynecologist can describe many cases where signs of approaching menopause were observed at 25, 28 or 30 years of age or earlier - say, almost immediately after puberty.

Undoubtedly, such situations are not at all the norm; they have their own strictly certain reasons and often require some kind of treatment. It may be especially necessary adequate treatment for those women whose reproductive functions began to decline before the birth of children.

Many of our readers actively use new method based on natural ingredients, which was discovered by Elena Malysheva. It consists only of natural ingredients, herbs and extracts - no hormones or chemicals. To get rid of menopause you need to eat every morning...

But unfortunately, even complete and timely treatment of the problem that has arisen cannot always guarantee subsequent successful conception. How can a young woman recognize the problem in time and take the necessary measures to eliminate it? Is this even possible?

Symptoms of premature menopause

I would like to note that, by and large, the symptoms of approaching premature menopause are very similar to those that occur in women at 54 years of age or after 55 years of age.

Attention! Real differences can only be noticed in the intensity of the problems or their nature.

So, after the occurrence of premature age-related hormonal changes in the body associated with the attenuation of reproductive function at 25-32 years, patients will experience the following symptoms:

Some young patients may experience dramatic changes in their psycho-emotional state:

Unfortunately, the symptoms described above can often indicate not only the attenuation of the reproductive functions of the body. What else does the development of early menopause indicate? Let's figure it out further!

What do the symptoms of premature menopause indicate?

There are incredibly many reasons why premature menopause develops. Sometimes the problem may be related to hereditary factors, previous illnesses or stress, and sometimes the problem lies in primary surgical treatment on the reproductive organs.

It is also important to note that the described clinical picture may well not be associated with the onset of menopause, but indicate the development of serious pathological processes in the body or even emergency conditions. For example, hormonal imbalance (and, as a consequence, signs of menopause) can occur when:

• pathologies of the endocrine system - hypothyroidism, diabetes;
• diseases of the genitourinary system, and more precisely, tumor-like lesions of the reproductive organs;
• for some cardiovascular pathologies.

That is why doctors insist that at the first suspicion of the development of premature menopause, the patient should urgently visit a gynecologist, undergo a full examination and, possibly, receive the necessary treatment.

How dangerous and irreversible is this process?

The state of menopause (premature or normal) always leads to the cessation of the formation and maturation of eggs, which means that it is at this time that a woman loses the opportunity to conceive and give birth to a child. It is quite clear that for older women this is not a significant problem.

But when the attenuation of reproductive functions occurs in very young girls who have not given birth, the problem turns out to be very relevant.

It turns out that in thirty percent of cases the problem early appearance symptoms of menopause are reversible. With timely detection of hormonal imbalance, with adequate diagnosis and treatment, doctors can help the patient delay this process, and some may even experience the desired pregnancy.

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However, in seventy percent of cases the problem turns out to be irreversible (not noticed in a timely manner, too neglected, associated with surgical treatment other serious pathology).

Do I need to see a doctor?

Without a doubt, if a young girl exhibits symptoms of attenuated reproductive functions, a consultation with a gynecologist is urgently necessary.

And this is connected not only with the danger of losing the opportunity to get pregnant and then give birth.

As we have already noted, the symptoms of hormonal imbalance in the body may also indicate other dangerous pathologies, which are best detected as early as possible.

Practicing doctors, in general, insist that girls undergo preventive examinations see a gynecologist at least once a year.

What are the dangerous consequences of premature menopause?

Unfortunately, premature menopause is also premature aging the whole body. Of course, with the loss of reproductive function, life does not end yet, but it changes dramatically - this is a fact.

Unfortunately, hormonal imbalance leading to loss of reproductive functions affects all body systems:

In fact, this is why doctors insist that adequate treatment similar conditions urgently needed!

Prevention of premature menopause

I would like to say that the condition of premature menopause is easier to predict and prevent than to then treat. That is why all girls, without exception, need to think about adequate prevention of the problem as early as possible. For prevention early aging the body is important:

Menopause is a natural period in the life of any woman. It occurs when the time allotted by nature for bearing and giving birth to children (the fertile period) ends. Cyclic fluctuations in hormonal levels gradually weaken, ovulation disappears, and menstrual bleeding. The last menstruation in a woman’s life is called menopause, and the postmenopausal period lasts for another year, which is when menopause usually ends.

Why does early menopause occur?

The onset of hormonal changes occurs individually for each woman, but menopause at an early age is most often associated with diseases. It occurs in approximately 1 in 100 middle-aged women, and the incidence increases over time.

Early suppression of ovarian hormonal activity occurs in women aged 40 years and older (up to 45 years). If menopause begins at 35-40 years old, it is called premature. The earliest age of onset of this condition is not limited, because it can be caused, for example, by the removal of the ovaries as a result of abdominal trauma or cancer even a young woman. Still, menopause that occurs at the age of 30 is a casuistry, that is, a very rare occurrence, it necessarily requires treatment. The earlier the disease occurs, the more severe its consequences.

The activity of a woman’s gonads and the menstrual cycle is a complex system regulated by both mechanisms feedback, and with the participation of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland. Gonadotropins are produced under the influence of releasing factors (substances that promote their release), which are produced by the hypothalamus. This entire chain has connections with the cerebral cortex and the autonomic nervous system, which ensures the functioning of the body without the participation of consciousness. Any impact on one or another link of regulation can cause a violation.

The causes of early menopause are different origins, but most of them act directly on the ovaries, permanently damaging them.

1. Some women have a genetic abnormality that is responsible for early cessation of ovarian function. At least two such genes are known. In addition, when genetic mutations ovarian tissues become insensitive to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and as a result, ovulation stops or is completely absent (you can read about ovulation disorders). Genetic nature explains cases of early menopause in families, when it occurs prematurely in a grandmother, mother, daughter, and so on.
2. Some hereditary diseases manifest themselves not only with early menopause, but also with other symptoms. For example, women with galactosemia have damage to the brain, liver, and they develop cataracts (decreased transparency of the cornea of ​​the eye) and amenorrhea (absence of menstruation). Hereditary disease Blepharophimosis manifests itself as eye damage and is accompanied by premature.
3. Surgeries on the pelvic organs - ovaries, tubes, uterus - increase the likelihood of early menopause. Thus, removal directly damages actively functioning tissue with follicles, and removal causes an adhesive process that also affects the gonads. Another mechanism is aseptic (microbial-free) inflammation after surgical interventions. Chronic inflammatory diseases of the ovaries (salpingoophoritis) also play a role.
4. Treatment of malignant tumors using radiation therapy. If a woman was exposed to this treatment for cancer of the uterus or adjacent organs and received a total radiation dose of 6 Gray, her ovaries would be permanently damaged. The same situation can arise in case of accidents at industrial nuclear facilities. With a lower dose of radiation, the consequences depend on the age of the patient, the duration of exposure to radiation and other factors.
5. Early onset of menopause is possible when treating a malignant tumor of any location using chemotherapy drugs. Firstly, they suppress the division of rapidly multiplying cells (both tumor and follicle cells). Secondly, chemotherapy drugs have a direct detrimental effect on these cells, destroying them.
6. Autoimmune diseases are processes in which the body, as a result of an error, immune system begins to consider its cells foreign. Most often this happens when infectious diseases when pathogens (bacteria or viruses) have areas in their genetic material that are close to the cells of the body. TO autoimmune diseases include Addison's disease with damage to the adrenal glands, type 1 diabetes mellitus, some types of hypothyroidism (decreased activity thyroid gland). All these conditions are accompanied by damage to the ovaries. Sometimes only the gonads are affected by autoimmune influence, chronic inflammation develops in them, and the follicles are replaced by scar tissue.
7. For many women, the cause of early menopause remains unknown. Now there is more and more evidence that it is caused by a previous viral infection. Viral particles integrate into normal cells and do not manifest themselves in any way, but gradually cause the death of follicular cells.

Clinical picture and consequences

Signs of early menopause

• Disruption of the menstrual cycle, lengthening the interval between menstruation, decreasing the volume of discharge and complete cessation of menstruation ().
• Infertility.
• Manifestations of estrogen deficiency.

The cessation of menstruation is one of the most early symptoms insufficiency of ovarian function. Amenorrhea is said to occur if there has been no menstruation for at least six months. If they occur more often, but less than once every 35 days, this condition is called oligomenorrhea. It also speaks of the approach of early menopause. Amenorrhea is secondary, that is, before its onset, the woman had a normal menstrual cycle.

An important sign of menopause is the inability to get pregnant. It is secondary in nature and is associated with damage to the female gonads. A decrease in the production of sex hormones in the ovaries through a feedback mechanism causes an increase in the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland, the concentration of which in the blood increases significantly. The level of this hormone is used to determine the degree of inhibition of the activity of the gonads. If the FSH concentration exceeds 20 U/L, then pregnancy is almost impossible.

Symptoms of early menopause are also caused by a decrease in the effect of estrogens on all organs and tissues. They resemble the usual menopause, but are more pronounced:

• feeling of heat, facial redness, sweating, sudden attacks shortness of breath – so-called “hot flashes”;
• emotional and mental sphere– irritability, tearfulness, sleep disturbance, difficulties with remembering and analyzing information, decreased performance;
• damage to the heart muscle with the development of dishormonal myocardial dystrophy, which is manifested by interruptions in heart function, shortness of breath when walking, stabbing pain in the left half of the chest without connection with exercise, of various nature discomfort in the chest, sometimes long-lasting and quite strong;
• dryness of the vaginal mucosa, burning and itching in the external genital area, urinary incontinence when coughing, laughing, or sudden movements.

Consequences of pathology

Due to premature failure in hormonal background women develop the consequences of early menopause, which significantly reduce the quality of her life for many years:

• osteoporosis;
• atherosclerosis;
• autoimmune processes.

Osteoporosis and osteopenia are conditions caused by estrogen deficiency. As is known, under the influence of these hormones, bones absorb minerals from the blood, primarily calcium. In addition, estrogens stimulate the production of calcitonin, another hormone that strengthens bone structure.

When the level of female sex hormones decreases, calcium stops entering the bone tissue, despite its high content in the blood. At the same time, the processes of bone resorption, that is, “resorption,” intensify. The bones eventually lose their strength and pathological fractures occur. Even with minor injury or a bad turn, a woman can get a femoral neck fracture, radius, compression fracture spine. Symptoms of osteoporosis include decreased height, bone and back pain, and changes in posture.

Estrogens protect women from the development of atherosclerosis. With their deficiency, low-density lipoproteins (“bad cholesterol”) actively damage vascular wall, causing inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries. The consequence of early atherosclerosis is heart attack, stroke, thrombosis of mesenteric vessels and other vascular diseases.

Atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels causes the development coronary disease hearts. It is rare in young women, but with early menopause the incidence of the disease increases significantly. Myocardial ischemia is manifested by pressing or burning pain behind the sternum, which occurs when walking or climbing stairs and quickly passes after stopping.

Why is early menopause dangerous for other organs? If it is caused by the so-called resistant ovarian syndrome, it is often accompanied by other autoimmune processes. With simultaneous damage to the thyroid gland, it develops autoimmune thyroiditis Hashimoto's. This disease can manifest itself as signs of hypo- and hyperthyroidism. The activity of the heart, nervous system, and digestion is disrupted, and the condition of the skin and hair deteriorates. Autoimmune alopecia – baldness – also occurs in such patients. Autoimmune thrombocytopenia is accompanied by bleeding from minor injuries, the formation of bruises on the skin and mucous membranes.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency) are of an autoimmune nature. These are serious conditions that can lead to disability and even death of a woman.

Treatment of early menopause

If we remember the reasons for this pathological condition, we will see that in most cases it is impossible to influence them. Thus, etiotropic therapy is practically not used.

What to do with early menopause? First of all, you need to contact a gynecologist. The doctor will examine the patient, find out the history of her life and illness, and prescribe tests:

• determination of the level of gonadotropic hormones, estradiol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone;
• to exclude pituitary adenoma - x-ray examination of the sella turcica, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of this area;
• ultrasonography reproductive organs - uterus, ovaries;
• mammography or ultrasound examination of the mammary glands;
• genetic analysis to detect hereditary abnormalities;
• densitometry for timely recognition of osteoporosis.

Unfortunately, the answer to the question of how to stop early menopause is unknown to medicine. No means have yet been invented to restore the lost function of the gonads, and transplantation of these organs is also not performed.

Therefore, pathogenetically based replacement therapy is carried out - hormonal drugs are prescribed.

Positive effects of hormone replacement therapy in early menopause:

• elimination of the unpleasant symptoms of this pathological condition - hot flashes, sweating, sexual dysfunction, and so on;
• prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, and therefore their complications - myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene of the limb and others;
• normalization of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, obesity prevention, diabetes mellitus, secondary arterial hypertension;
• prevention of osteoporosis and its consequences - fractures of the spine and limb bones.

Your doctor will advise you on what to take during early menopause. Usually these are estradiol preparations or its combination with progestogens. The progestin component is used to prevent the stimulating effect of estrogens on the endometrium, in order to prevent hyperplasia or malignant transformation of the inner layer of the uterus. Thus, Duphaston (gestagen) and Estrofem (estradiol) are often prescribed together.

Tablets are most commonly prescribed, but skin patches are available vaginal creams or gels that can be used for poor tolerance tablet forms. Examples include the transdermal system containing estradiol Climara and Estrogel skin gel.

One of the most popular drugs for the treatment of menopause, including early menopause, is Angelique. It contains estradiol and drospirenone, which have a gestagenic effect and other beneficial properties. The drug is prescribed continuously, does not cause bleeding and effectively eliminates all signs and complications of premature and early menopause.

Drugs prescribed for early menopause

Alternative therapy

Other treatment methods are only auxiliary. Vitamins A, E, C are prescribed to slow down ovarian damage and vascular pathology. After consultation with a specialist, homeopathy is also used: the drugs Acidum Sulfuricum, Glonoin, Remens, Klimadinon. They make it easier autonomic symptoms menopause – hot flashes, weakness.

It must be understood that none of these drugs have been proven effective in scientific research and is not recommended for use, for example, by foreign manuals. This means that when taking these drugs, a woman in most cases will spend money and not get the desired effect. At the same time, she will miss the time necessary for proper treatment.

Some clinics offer plasmapheresis treatment to relieve symptoms of early menopause, particularly hot flashes. The method involves extracting part of the blood through a venous vessel, dividing it into blood cells and serum, and replacing part of the serum with neutral solutions.

Plasmapheresis has proven itself well in cases of poisoning, chronic renal failure, burn disease and other conditions accompanied by intoxication. During menopause there is no particular need for such a procedure. It is quite expensive, its effect is very short-lived, and the health benefits and impact on quality of life in this case are questionable.

Some interesting questions about pathology

Is it possible to restore menstruation during early menopause?

Many women who suffered in at a young age from the decline of ovarian function, are interested in this issue. In some cases, this is possible, but only after a full examination by a qualified gynecologist. And, of course, this cannot be done without hormonal therapy that stimulates the functioning of the gonads.

Is it possible to get pregnant during early menopause?

Yes, in the early stages of the disease, while menstruation is still ongoing and there is a possibility of ovulation, you can get pregnant. If this is not part of the patient's plans, she should consult with her doctor about adequate methods of contraception. If pregnancy is desired, this should also be reported to the gynecologist. After no menstruation more than a year, the probability of pregnancy tends to zero.

There is a fairly persistent myth that long-term breastfeeding causes early menopause during lactation. Actually this is not true. The cause of early menopause is irreversible damage to ovarian tissue, which does not occur when the baby is breastfed.

Physiological absence of ovulation during breastfeeding- a natural reaction of the body, “conceived” by nature as protection from repeat pregnancy before the previous child is fed (lactational amenorrhea). This lactational amenorrhea has nothing to do with early menopause.

How to prevent early menopause?

The answer to this question becomes obvious if we again remember the leading causes of this condition. A woman cannot change her genetics; she cannot influence the development of hereditary diseases.

Therefore, prevention consists of the following: from the very early age a girl, and then a girl and a woman, need to be taught to take care of their health, to avoid inflammatory diseases genital tract, casual sex, abortion. Any woman should be regularly observed by a gynecologist and therapist in order to detect a tumor or other serious illness which can be cured by early stage without severe consequences for the gonads.