Causes of high blood sugar. Clinical manifestations of the pathological process

When there is too much glucose or sugar in the blood, this already indicates an increased sugar content. Another name for this condition is called hyperglycemia. The cells of our body must contain sugar. The only "but" it must be in the blood from 70 to 100 milligram per deciliter, which in moles is from 4.5 to 5.5. More high level sugar is already considered elevated. In this case, a person may not feel any changes, but in the body begin to occur destructive processes. In order to maintain your health, you need to know what signs may indicate the appearance of high blood sugar.

How to find out about high blood sugar?

There are several signs that can alert you to high blood sugar:

frequent urination,
the presence of constant strong thirst, at night it can dry out in the mouth,
increased lethargy, fast fatiguability, weakness,
feeling of nausea, headache and vomiting
sudden weight loss
can happen and sharp deterioration vision.

Causes of high blood sugar

elevated sugar in the blood can appear due to illness, infection, stress, steroid use, and even pregnancy. But one of the reasons for the appearance of high sugar may be diabetes. People suffering from it, taking insufficient amounts of tablets or insulin, may have higher blood sugar levels than usual for them. Also, the reasons may be too much food, food with high content carbohydrates or sugar, skipping medications.

Symptoms of high blood sugar

The level of sugar in the blood rises gradually. When it rises, people may feel various symptoms. Close people can notice them earlier than the person himself. These include:

Increased hunger and weight gain, blurred vision and drowsiness, irritability and sullenness.
The appearance of numbness of the hands and feet, slow healing of wounds, frequent vaginal infections and itching in the vagina, and even impotence.
emergence skin diseases, furunculosis, the appearance of skin itching.

How to eliminate the signs of high blood sugar?

Increased blood sugar requires treatment, otherwise the body may begin irreversible changes, and this can lead to the development of serious diseases. Therefore, if one of the symptoms or signs begins to torment, first of all, you should consult a doctor. This will help determine if medication is needed to help lower blood sugar levels or if using herbal preparations, physical exercises and change your diet. Proper nutrition and uniform physical activity can painlessly lower blood sugar levels.

High blood sugar in diabetes

If high blood sugar is caused by diabetes, be sure to monitor your daily blood sugar levels and strictly follow the course of treatment.

To reduce blood sugar levels in diabetes, follow these steps:

Stick to a set meal plan.
Constantly check the level of sugar, write down the results.
Continue with normal activities and exercise.
Use tablets and insulin strictly in accordance with the dosage prescribed by your doctor.
If signs advanced level blood sugar levels continue to appear, you need to urgently consult your doctor.
If you do not take measures to reduce blood sugar levels, this can cause serious consequences up to the point of coma.

Thirst and dry mouth are signs of high blood sugar

The process of removing sugar from the body requires a lot of fluid. The body begins to receive it from the organs. That is why there is a feeling of dryness in the mouth and thirst. To reduce your blood sugar, try to drink more fluids. If this is not done, then a feeling of dry skin may already appear.

Signs of high blood sugar - fatigue and hunger

When blood sugar rises, it doesn't get inside the cells and produce the energy the body needs to function. That is why the body is looking for other nutrient sources to make up for energy losses. The first sources of replenishment of energy for the body are fat reserves. Then there is a strong feeling of hunger.

Slow wound healing is a sign of high blood sugar

High blood sugar reduces immunity and makes the body vulnerable to various infections, which, in turn, causes very slow healing. external damage. This may lead to grave consequences if you do not take measures to reduce blood sugar levels.

Signs of high blood sugar can appear both together and separately. Signs such as blurred vision and headache may appear only at the very beginning of the disease. If you do not pay attention to them, then over time they will disappear, but the disease will begin to progress. Therefore, be careful about your well-being.

If you do not deal with high blood sugar on time, it can lead to diabetes in the future. It can cause damage to the kidneys, eyes, blood vessels, nerves, heart and even legs. So that the signs of high blood sugar do not bother you and do not cause terrible complications in the future, try to be attentive to your condition. If you have signs and symptoms that bother you, contact your doctor immediately, observe simple rules helping to reduce blood sugar levels

Early detection of signs of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) allows you to timely seek qualified help, diagnose and choose the right treatment regimen. In most cases, hyperglycemia is observed in diabetes mellitus (other causes are less pronounced), the achievement of compensation of which helps prevent the development of complications and even lethal outcome. What symptoms of high sugar indicate the occurrence of pathology, discussed in the article.

Why does the body use glucose?

Before you understand why the sugar content in the bloodstream is growing and how this condition makes itself felt, you should find out what glucose (sugar) is and why this substance is necessary for the body.

Glucose is a simple saccharide that can act as individual substance or component complex carbohydrates. It is necessary for the human body in order for everything to be vital. important processes have had right course. Glucose is an energy "bomb" that nourishes cells and tissues, and in some cases is stored in reserve.

After foods rich in saccharides enter the stomach and intestines, the process of their processing begins. Proteins are broken down into amino acids, lipids into fatty acids, and carbohydrates - to saccharides, among which are glucose molecules. Further, sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream and carried through the cells and tissues with the help of insulin (a hormone synthesized by the pancreas).

The main characteristics of the substance

Important! This hormonal substance not only allows glucose molecules to penetrate into the cells, but also reduces the level of glycemia in the blood.

In addition to participating in energy processes, sugar is needed by the body for the following:

production of amino acids and nucleic acids;
participation in lipid synthesis;
activation of enzymatic activity;
operation support of cardio-vascular system;
elimination of hunger;
stimulation of the central nervous system.

Why can sugar levels rise?

There are conditions that provoke an increase in glucose levels. They can be physiological and pathological. In the first case, glycemia is temporary, does not require examination and therapy. Pathological causes need differential diagnosis and treatment of an adult or a child.

To physiological factors include the period of pregnancy, the influence stressful situations on the body, sports, inclusion in the individual menu a large number carbohydrate products.

Pathologically high glycemia numbers are observed in the following cases:

pathology of the kidneys and adrenal glands;
brain diseases;
tumors of the pancreas and adrenal glands;
diabetes;
burn processes;
epileptic seizures.

Pheochromocytoma (a tumor of the adrenal glands) is one of the reasons that the level of glucose in the bloodstream rises.

Symptoms of hyperglycemia

Unfortunately, the signs of high blood sugar appear at the height of the disease, and not on its early stages. For example, in diabetes mellitus, manifestations of hyperglycemia become pronounced only after more than 85% of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas die. This explains the inability to heal pathological condition.

Symptoms of high blood sugar in children and adults, which are more often noticed by relatives of sick people than by the patients themselves:

pathological feeling of hunger, which is manifested by excessive appetite, but the lack of weight gain;
daytime sleepiness, depression, irritability;
change in sensitivity in the area of the hands and feet;
itching skin, frequent rashes obscure origin;
long-term healing of scratches, abrasions, wounds;
inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system of a recurrent nature.

Manifestations of latent diabetes

In most cases, the "sweet disease" occurs in a latent form, so patients do not even suspect that their body has elevated glucose levels. This condition is often diagnosed during preventive medical examination according to the results laboratory diagnostics.

Important! A person can turn to specialists with complaints general, which are not specific features high glycemia. Most common causes consultations become a decrease in the level of vision or purulent inflammation long-term non-healing wounds.

With increased blood sugar, a toxic effect occurs on the patient's body as a whole and on its individual organs in particular. First of all, small-caliber vessels suffer, which leads to changes in trophic processes.

When conducting differential diagnosis It should be borne in mind that the risk groups for developing hyperglycemia include:

patients with polycystic ovaries;
patients with high blood pressure numbers;
adults and children with high body weight;
people who have relatives with any form of diabetes;
women who have had a gestational form of the disease earlier.

To check availability hidden form pathology, conduct a test with a sugar load. If the diagnosis is carried out on time and assigned specific treatment disease progression can be avoided.

Laboratory symptoms of high blood sugar

With the help of laboratory diagnostics, you can not only confirm the presence of an increase in blood sugar, but also its degree, which will allow you to assess the general condition of the patient, select the appropriate dosage of drugs to stop the pathology.

Diagnosis of the patient's condition occurs by examining his capillary or venous blood

With an increase in the quantitative indicators of glucose within 8 mmol / l, we are talking about mild pathology. Figures in the range from 8 to 11 mmol / l confirm the presence of moderate hyperglycemia. The severe form of the rise in glycemia is characterized by a sugar level above 11 mmol / l.

A sharp rise in glycemia above 15 mmol / l may indicate the development of a precomatous state. Lack of timely qualified assistance leads to the transition of the precoma into a coma. From the moment of loss of consciousness, paramedics have only 4-8 hours to prevent a fatal outcome.

Last update: April 29, 2019

We are used to saying "blood sugar", it would be more correct to say "blood glucose". The pancreas produces special hormones insulin and glycogen responsible for maintaining glucose levels within normal limits. With any failure in the system, the body receives less energy, fatigue and weakness appear. Such processes are dangerous, primarily because during incorrect operation the pancreas increases the load on the kidneys, which requires an increased fluid content in the body. Further, the vessels suffer, because the thickened blood cannot physically enter the small capillaries, and this causes irreversible reactions in all organs and systems.

The norms for women and men do not differ, there is only a slight increase in sugar levels with age. Blood for analysis must be taken in the morning, on an empty stomach. The ideal is the interval between the last meal and analysis at 10-14 hours. The day before, it is not recommended to eat fatty and fried food, drink and get nervous.

If all conditions are met, then the level of glucose in the blood taken from the finger (capillary) should be 3.3-5.5 mmol / l. if blood was taken from a vein, then the rate increases by 12% and is 5-6.1 mmol / l. AT different time days, the indicators will be different, and therefore it is advised to take the analysis in the morning.

Most often, blood sugar levels need to be monitored in order to diagnose diabetes in time - insidious disease, which for a long time may be asymptomatic, or resemble ordinary seasonal ailments. This is especially true for those who have relatives with diabetes, elderly and obese people leading a sedentary lifestyle.

The glucose level cannot increase just from scratch if a person adheres to proper nutrition and active image life, then an increase in sugar indicates the presence of diseases.

The main causes of high blood sugar levels are:

Excessive food intake, especially easily digestible carbohydrates;
smoking and drinking;
Stress and nervous strain;
Diabetes;
Diseases endocrine system: thyrotoxicosis, Cushing's disease, etc.;
Diseases of the pancreas, liver and kidneys;
Taking some steroid drugs, contraceptives or diuretics;
Premenstrual syndrome in women.

If the analysis revealed an increased sugar content, the patient is allowed to drink the solution and the analysis is repeated after two hours. Sometimes the usual meal before donating blood (the person spent a lot of time on the road to medical institution and ate) can cause an increase in sugar.

Elevated sugar levels lead to hyperglycemia, which can be recognized by the following signs:

Constant feeling of thirst;
Feeling of dry mouth;
Frequent urination, often painful;
Arrhythmia;
fatigue;
Weight loss in the presence of excellent appetite;
Skin itching;
non-healing wounds;
visual impairment;
Noisy, irregular breathing.

Of course, the appearance of several of these reasons is a reason for an urgent visit to the doctor and an immediate test for sugar.

It is important to know the symptoms of hypoglycemia and identify them in time:

headache;
hunger;
weakness and feeling of weakness;
dizziness;
cardiopalmus;
sweating;
trembling in the body;
Bad mood;
tearfulness;
irritability;
decrease in concentration.

How to Lower Your Blood Sugar

Reduce blood sugar levels that have not reached a critical level will help balanced mode nutrition. The diet is based on the exclusion from the diet of foods containing "fast" carbohydrates, which immediately give a feeling of fullness, but are absorbed too quickly.

These products include:

Fats of animal origin;
, rich and ;
Fast food;
Marinades, smoked and fried foods;
Packaged juices;
Carbonated and

In medicine, the term "high blood sugar" refers to a pathological condition human body when the glucose level exceeds the threshold of 5.9 mmol per liter. Another pathological condition low sugar in the blood" - is associated with a sugar content below 4.1 mmol per liter. The norm of carbohydrate balance for an adult from 14 to 60 years old is reflected in rates between 4.1 and 5.9 mmol per liter. Most characteristic symptoms high blood sugar - polyuria and polydipsia (frequent urination and thirst). It is because of these signs that doctors of the distant past called the disease of high blood sugar "diabetes" (diabetes), which is translated from Latin means "diarrhea". The prefix "sugar" (mellitus) appeared much later - fourteen centuries later, thanks to the efforts of the British medical researcher Thomas Willis. For a long time after the discovery of the scientist, it was believed that the only cause of diabetes is high blood sugar, but later it turned out that diabetes can also occur for a reason not related to the level of sugar in the human body, so modern medical science divides diabetes into diabetes insipidus (diabetes type 1, type 2) and diabetes insipidus (diabetes caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamus).

Gender differences are reflected in many areas of life. This judgment also applies to different course the same disease in both sexes. Of course, there are common features but there are some special ones.

Causes of high blood sugar

An increase in blood sugar has various reasons– endocrine system disease, liver disease, kidney disease, infections, malnutrition, overweight, application certain substances. Sugar (glucose) is one of the most important sources of energy in the human body. Glucose is the "fuel" that keeps you moving. human body. But in order to “burn” this fuel, a catalyst is needed - the hormone insulin. Under normal circumstances, an increase in glucose levels stimulates the release of insulin stores into the blood, and activates its synthesis by pancreatic cells. A decrease in glucose levels puts insulin production into a semi-passive mode. The body replenishes insulin and prepares for the next cycle of glucose processing. Insulin deficiency in the human body is the most common cause of high blood sugar levels.

Age is also a reason of its kind, the symptoms of high blood sugar in an adult and a child have a number of characteristic features and differences.

Depending on gender, the causes of high blood sugar levels may be unique and have their own specific symptoms. So, the signs of increased blood sugar in women are different from men because only a woman is able to be pregnant and give birth to children. A symptom of high blood sugar in men, which women do not have, is a decrease in sexual activity, alternating with sporadic cases of sexual impotence.

Signs of high blood sugar common to both sexes

Symptoms of high blood sugar are characterized by a variety of their manifestations in the patient's body. Xerostomia (dry mouth), thirst, frequent visits to the toilet "in a small way", bruises and scratches that do not heal for a long time (more than a week), increased fatigue, mental disorder (irritability, depression, outbursts of aggression), blurred vision, insomnia, pruritus are the most common signs of change normal level blood sugar. These symptoms are often observed in many people, but they do not always indicate a high sugar content. The symptoms must be considered as a whole, since there is a possibility that they depend on causes that are not related to the fact of an increase in blood sugar.

If you do not make efforts to normalize high blood sugar, this can lead to aggravation of the condition of the human body and sad consequences- chronic dermatoses various etiologies (allergic reactions, fungal or viral infections); constant pain in the whole body; diseases of the cardiovascular system (varicose veins, thrombosis, hypertension); dysfunction of internal organs.

Symptoms sharp increase blood sugar: a) sudden change general condition a person from normal to very severe; b) loss of consciousness; c) ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic (hyperosmolar) coma.

Typical signs of high blood sugar in women

High blood sugar - symptoms in women have a number of distinctive features, the most significant of which is associated with pregnancy. Between the thirtieth and fortieth day of pregnancy, placental cells begin to produce hormones that disrupt the mechanism of insulin stabilization of maternal blood glucose levels, as a result of which sugar levels rise. This is a necessary and natural mechanism for protecting the fetus from substances that threaten it. Subject to control of blood sugar levels, a pregnant woman is insured against the risk of the so-called gestational diabetes. Otherwise, it is possible Negative consequences for mother and child. Symptoms of high sugar during pregnancy do not have any special characteristic features, which would say that their cause is precisely high sugar. Dry mouth, thirst, frequent urination, fatigue are possible during pregnancy. Therefore, pregnant women are advised to take tests for sugar on time and, thus, control its level. After childbirth, the sugar level in the female body returns to normal.

Typical symptoms of high blood sugar in men

If the signs of high blood sugar in men are considered relative to the sexual characteristics of the body, then attention should be paid to them. reproductive function. high sugar in the blood, the development of diabetes leads to the fact that the production of androgens is disrupted in the body of a man ( male hormones), especially testosterone. Sexual dysfunction in men is feature high sugar in the body. It manifests itself in this way: a) mechanical disorder - in diabetes suffers circulatory system, which has a bad effect on erection (there are cavities inside the penis that fill with blood during the period of sexual arousal); b) nervous breakdown– diabetic neuropathy affects the autonomic nervous system, which governs erectile function; in) mental disorder- a decrease in testosterone levels reduces the level sexual attraction causes apathy and depression.

Recommendations for the treatment of high blood sugar

The treatment of high blood sugar is a necessary action, the condition of which should be its timeliness, since diabetes mellitus on late stages represents a serious problem.

Medicine knows many ways to reduce and normalize the level of sugar in the body of a sick person - diets, physical exercise, substitution (compensation) therapy, treatment with drug and non-drug drugs, surgical intervention. The method and method of treatment depends on the timely diagnosis.

Diets

Diets and a well-organized diet for high blood sugar are of no small importance, sometimes they can completely solve the problem of excess sugar without involving additional medicinal products. With the help of a diet, it is possible to eliminate the factors of blockade of insulin synthesis (excess weight, dysfunction of organs digestive system) and stimulate its production. The diet should be strict and continue until the sign of high blood sugar disappears and the risk of developing diabetes is minimal. The choice of products and diet is determined by the attending physician or nutritionist.

As a rule, patients with high blood sugar are offered following products: cereals coarse grinding, vegetables, nuts, eggs, lean meats, fish and seafood. Meat consumption is especially important for men, who should not exclude it from the diet. will not be redundant skimmed milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, ayran.

It is strictly forbidden during the diet to consume fatty foods, alcohol and sweets containing light carbohydrates. The latter can be replaced with honey and dark chocolate (cocoa content should be above 72%).

Physical exercise and sports

If blood sugar is elevated due to excess weight, then sport will be a wonderful means by which it is worth solving this problem. It is important that sports are approved and recommended by your doctor, as exercise is not allowed in all cases associated with high blood sugar. The doctor also determines the level of stress and the nature of the exercises.

Replacement (compensation) therapy

The essence of this type of treatment is to compensate for the lack of insulin in the body. The dosage of insulin, the time of injections is set by the attending physician. Insulin is not a safe drug, its dosage can threaten a person's life, and therefore it should be handled responsibly and carefully.

Treatment with medications and non-pharmacological drugs

Except replacement therapy- direct compensation for insulin deficiency in the blood - treatment with medications (synthetic medicines) and non-drug means(drugs traditional medicine), which can indirectly affect the restoration of normal carbohydrate balance in the human body.

Surgical intervention

Modern surgery has learned how to transplant colonies of beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans, which are responsible for the production of insulin, onto a diseased pancreas. When successful operation observed full recovery functions of the pancreas. Even with the help of biliopancreatic shunting, in ninety percent of cases out of a hundred, an improvement in the functioning of the pancreas can be achieved.

AT modern world sustainable growth have several types of diseases, among them - endocrine diseases and especially diabetes. In terms of the number of cases, it lags behind only oncology and cardiovascular diseases.

Doctors constantly remind that the disease needs to be known in person and it is better to prevent its occurrence. But if a person falls into a risk group, then you need to monitor your condition and know the first signs of an increase in blood sugar. In women, hyperglycemia is individual approach to therapy.

What is glucose and its norms

In the pursuit of health, many try to eliminate salt, sugar and sugar from their diet. pure form and all foods containing glucose. But such a rigid principle of denial necessary products or substances leads to other diseases and complications. People who have a hereditary tendency to diabetes need to carefully compose a menu, however, in clear rules for eating behavior, eating useful products Although limited, it is not completely excluded.

To begin with, we will determine the indicators of the level of glucose in the bloodstream, based on medical standards:

Normal performance healthy person- from 3.3 mmol / l to 5.5 mmol / l.
Pre-diabetic state - from 5.5 mmol / l to 6 mmol / l.
The diagnosis of "diabetes" is made at rates above 6.1 mmol / l.

Why does the body need sugar?

Glucose is a substance that provides energy to cells and tissues throughout the body. In addition, the presence required amount blood sugar, in combination with other participants, ensures the flow of such vital processes:

Synthesis of nucleic acids, lipids, amino acids.
Support for the work of the heart and blood vessels.
Starting the production of a normal level of enzymes.
Balance and normal functioning of the central nervous system.
Promotes a feeling of satiety.

The process of glucose formation has several stages. Products enter the stomach, where the process of splitting carbohydrates into saccharides, which includes glucose, takes place. Further, through the walls of the stomach, glucose is absorbed into the blood and transported to cells and tissues. Mobility and the ability to penetrate into the cells of glucose provides the hormone insulin, the pancreas is responsible for its production.

Physiological enhancement

The first signs of an increase in blood sugar in women appear quite late, when the process is already running and even has some complications. The causes that provoke hyperglycemia are divided into two groups - physiological and pathological.

The first group includes temporary factors, after the elimination of which the level of sugar comes to normal indicators, for example:

Stress, prolonged emotional overstrain.
Pregnancy.
Eating simple carbohydrates.
Pain syndrome (causes the release of adrenaline and thyroxine hormones).
Severe blood loss, lack of blood rutin, vitamins of group B.
Carbon monoxide poisoning, active sports.

Pass naturally physiological signs increase in blood sugar in women after eating. After a set time after eating, the glucose level in a healthy person stabilizes. Subject to the rules of a balanced diet, the absence of overeating, there are no threats to female body does not occur.

Medicines and sugar

Also, temporary hyperglycemia causes the intake of certain groups of medications:

Estrogens, beta-blockers, phenothiazines.
Glucocorticosteroids (based on prednisolone).
oral contraceptives.

If upon admission medicines there are signs of an increase in blood sugar in women, then the doctor is notified about this. Based on the test results, the specialist adjusts the drug regimen, dosage, or makes a full replacement for another medicine.

Pathological causes

Pathological hyperglycemia occurs when the following diseases and states:

Cirrhosis of the liver, infectious hepatitis.
Diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis.
Neuroendocrine diseases - polycystic ovaries, obesity, Cushing's disease, etc.
Violations in the work of the adrenal glands.
Neoplasms of the pancreas.
Complications after a stroke, heart attack, injuries of various kinds.
Neoplasms causing distortion hormonal background(glucagonomas, pheochromocytomas).

If hyperglycemia is suspected, a visit to the doctor is necessary, and this should be done in as soon as possible. Postponing the problem is fraught fatal consequences, often - incurable complications, manifested in the form of loss of vision, disability, etc. The specialist will definitely prescribe the necessary laboratory research, instrumental diagnostics, will collect a complete history to find out what causes blood sugar to rise. In women, by medical statistics are much more likely to get endocrine diseases than men.

General symptoms

Against the backdrop of constant warnings about the high likelihood of diseases of the endocrine system, not everyone knows what are the signs of increased blood sugar in women. But before we consider them, let's define what are the common symptoms of high glucose levels.

A number of body signals are distinguished that indicate health problems associated with high content glucose in the bloodstream:

Feeling of unquenchable thirst. The patient can drink up to 5 liters of water per day, but at the same time feel dry mouth. This is because glucose attracts water molecules and removes them from the body.
Frequent urination (polyuria). Glucose, together with water, is excreted from the body through the kidneys, water-salt balance, the renal system suffers. Dizziness may occur.
Fatigue, weakness. Glucose is a source of energy for the body. With pathologies of the pancreas and the inability of the organ to reproduce insulin, which delivers glucose to the tissues, the cells do not receive the necessary charge for activity and experience constant hunger.
Weight gain/loss(depending on the type of damage to the pancreas).
slow healing small scratches, inflammation of wounds, cuts. As a result, suppuration may occur, in severe cases leading to amputation.
Skin diseases, infections of the genitourinary organs, accompanied by constant itching. Furunculosis, colpitis, etc. may occur.
The body takes on the smell of acetone. This usually happens when high rates blood sugar levels. This is a formidable sign indicating the approach of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Women's specificity

The level of glucose in the blood, which is significantly higher than normal, gradually destroys internal organs and fabrics. The immune system suffers, any viral or bacterial infection is fraught with severe course, slow recovery and complications. Health status must be monitored to avoid chronic diseases. General symptoms hyperglycemia is observed, including in women, but there are also special signs.

What are the first signs of high blood sugar in women? They are the following:

Violation menstrual cycle, which occurs due to disruptions in the hormonal background.
Vaginal infections, fungal infections of the genitourinary system. The diseases that have arisen are very difficult to treat, since an ideal environment has been created for their development.
Hair loss, change in their structure, loss of strength and shine. This sad symptom is due to a metabolic disorder.
Fungal infections of the nails lower limbs. With increased blood sugar, the blood supply to the capillary system worsens, legs and hands often remain cold. Violation of blood circulation leads to a decrease in the body's resistance to infections, including fungal infections.
If the glucose indicators crossed the mark of 6 units, then the woman may begin to experience constant hunger, which indicates the threat of type 2 diabetes.
A sharp drop in visual acuity, the appearance of spots before the eyes.
Seizures. Symptom indicates a violation electrolyte balance and poor blood supply.

Age features

There are age indicators of the norm of glucose in the blood. Having crossed the 40-year milestone, it is necessary to control blood sugar on an ongoing basis, and this is due to the extinction of the functions of the body to develop enough hormones. For women and men who have overcome the age of 60, the glucose level ranges from 4.6 to 6.4 mmol / l. Increased rates are not a pre-diabetic condition, but are associated solely with the extinction of the immune system and a decrease in hormone levels.

The causes and signs of high blood sugar in women over 60 are no different from those at other ages. Treatment is complicated by a slowdown in the body's response to medications Therefore, prevention is of the utmost importance. eating behavior and physical activity. Experts recommend purchasing a special tester for home control of sugar levels.

Special position

Expecting a child is accompanied by a woman's vigilant attitude towards her health, which means that tests are carried out regularly. A gynecologist, among other indicators, necessarily monitors the level of glucose in the blood. If it is elevated, especially after control test, then the specialist comes to the conclusion that the patient has gestational diabetes.

In the vast majority of cases, this diagnosis is removed after childbirth, but it affects the process of bearing the fetus and is a threat to its health. In particular, the child may develop intrauterine hypoxia - oxygen starvation. Today doctors have access to various methods reduce risks in the development of the baby and normalize glucose levels throughout all trimesters. Signs of high blood sugar in women during pregnancy are standard, but the problem is that it is necessary to stabilize the condition of two people.

Gestational diabetes is a rare occurrence. According to medical data, 3-10% of expectant mothers face it. What causes blood sugar to rise in women during pregnancy:

Hormonal changes caused by polycystic ovaries.
Obesity 3 or 4 degrees.
Manifestation of gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies.
Heredity.

Also, this type of hyperglycemia occurs in connection with the individual reaction of hormones to the pregnancy of a particular woman.

How to normalize sugar

Having found out what are the signs of increased blood sugar in women and finding at least one of the symptoms, you need to go through medical checkup, make a diagnosis, laboratory tests and consult a doctor. For pregnant women, this step is especially necessary. What does a specialist usually recommend to normalize blood glucose:

Balance the diet, but do not limit the number of calories.
Organize fractional nutrition, the portion size should correspond to the size of a clenched fist.
Exclude simple carbohydrates from the diet (sugar, sweets, cakes, etc.).
Complex carbohydrates should be 50% of the generally accepted norm, the rest is compensated for by fats and proteins.
Go in for sports, make long hiking away from highways, factories, etc.
Accept medical preparations only under the direction of the attending physician.

How to overcome hyperglycemia

Medical attention requires pathological signs of increased blood sugar in women. Treatment is needed when border states when the indicators approach the figures characterizing the pre-diabetic state or diabetes. In this case, a visit to the doctor, a thorough diagnosis, strict adherence to the recommendations of a specialist and a diet are required.

Nutrition principles:

Frequent small meals (up to 6 times a day).
Balanced menu with lots of fiber.
The amount of liquid should not exceed 2 liters per day.
One meal is made up exclusively of vegetables.
The amount of salt is limited (individual quantitative recommendations).
Mandatory waiver alcoholic beverages, stimulants.

Foods low in simple carbohydrates and low in calories should be the basis of the diet. Recommended for use:

Not fatty varieties meat and fish.
Dairy products.
Whole grains - oatmeal, buckwheat, wheat, barley, etc.
Rye or whole grain bread, preferably unleavened.
No more than 2 chicken eggs per day.
Legumes - peas, lentils, chickpeas, beans, peas, etc.
Vegetable crops - radish, radish, all types of cabbage and salads, red pepper, baked eggplant, spinach, leafy greens, tomatoes, etc.
Fruits and berries - quince, lemons, apples, pears, cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, etc.

Fat must be included in the diet plant origin. It is necessary to give up sugar, giving preference to sweeteners or a couple of tablespoons of honey per day. Method of cooking - baking, boiling, stewing, steaming.

The following products are subject to exclusion from the diet:

Flour, confectionery, rich products, pastries.
Fatty varieties of fish and meat, bacon, canned food, smoked products.
dairy and some dairy products- fatty cheeses, sour cream, cottage cheese, cream.
It is necessary to completely abandon industrial and homemade mayonnaise.
Fruits and dried fruits - raisins, dates, grapes, figs, bananas, etc.

Prevention

Wanting to maintain health for many years, it is worth knowing the signs of high blood sugar in women and how to avoid them. The basis of prevention is physical activity - running, fitness classes, swimming pool, yoga, gym or any other activity that will help avoid hypodynamia, increase metabolism and normalize hormonal levels.

Maintaining a stable schedule of work and rest plays an important role in maintaining health. Every person needs to get enough sleep, not get into a state of stress and give up bad habits- smoking, drinking alcohol large quantities. No less important positive attitude and the ability to experience joy, pleasure from life.

The third pillar of prevention is considered balanced diet. It is worth streamlining the hours of eating and strictly adhere to the schedule during the day. One of important conditions is a complete exclusion of snacking harmful products and products (chips, carbonated drinks, salted nuts, etc.). They will be replaced by fruits and dried fruits, nuts, vegetables, etc.